diff --git a/frontend/nyaysetu-frontend/src/pages/judge/JudgeCaseWorkspace.jsx b/frontend/nyaysetu-frontend/src/pages/judge/JudgeCaseWorkspace.jsx
index d119dd70e..e3d858f62 100644
--- a/frontend/nyaysetu-frontend/src/pages/judge/JudgeCaseWorkspace.jsx
+++ b/frontend/nyaysetu-frontend/src/pages/judge/JudgeCaseWorkspace.jsx
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ const CaseLifecycleStepper = ({ currentStage }) => {
     return (
         <div style={{ marginTop: '2rem', marginBottom: '1rem', overflowX: 'auto', paddingBottom: '0.5rem' }}>
             <div style={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', minWidth: '800px' }}>
-                {stages.map((stage, index) => (
+                {(stages ?? []).map((stage, index) => (
                     <div key={stage} style={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', flex: index === stages.length - 1 ? 0 : 1 }}>
                         <div style={{ display: 'flex', flexDirection: 'column', alignItems: 'center', gap: '0.5rem', position: 'relative' }}>
                             <div style={{
@@ -1833,7 +1833,7 @@ function HearingsTab({ caseId, caseData }) {
                                 <label style={{ display: 'block', color: 'var(--text-secondary)', fontSize: '0.875rem', marginBottom: '0.5rem' }}>Duration</label>
                                 <select
                                     value={hearingData.durationMinutes}
-                                    onChange={e => setHearingData({ ...hearingData, durationMinutes: parseInt(e.target.value) })}
+                                    onChange={e => setHearingData({ ...hearingData, durationMinutes: parseInt(e.target.value, 10) })}
                                     style={{
                                         width: '100%', padding: '0.875rem', borderRadius: '0.75rem',
                                         background: 'var(--bg-glass)', border: 'var(--border-glass)',
diff --git a/frontend/nyaysetu-frontend/src/pages/lawyer/CasePreparationPage.jsx b/frontend/nyaysetu-frontend/src/pages/lawyer/CasePreparationPage.jsx
index bdc4b111b..50ce49530 100644
--- a/frontend/nyaysetu-frontend/src/pages/lawyer/CasePreparationPage.jsx
+++ b/frontend/nyaysetu-frontend/src/pages/lawyer/CasePreparationPage.jsx
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ export default function CasePreparationPage() {
                             />
                         </div>
                         <div style={{ display: 'flex', flexDirection: 'column', gap: '0.5rem' }}>
-                            {templates.map(t => (
+                            {(templates ?? []).map(t => (
                                 <div
                                     key={t.id}
                                     onClick={() => setSelectedTemplate(t)}
@@ -302,77 +302,4 @@ export default function CasePreparationPage() {
                                     if (confirm("Send this draft to the client for approval?")) {
                                         try {
                                             await import('../../services/api').then(({ default: api }) =>
-                                                api.post(`/api/v1/cases/${selectedCaseId}/submit-draft`, { draftContent })
-                                            );
-                                            alert("Draft sent to client!");
-                                            fetchCaseDetails(selectedCaseId);
-                                        } catch (e) { console.error(e); alert("Failed to send"); }
-                                    }
-                                }}
-                                className="btn"
-                                style={{
-                                    display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: '0.5rem',
-                                    background: 'rgba(63, 93, 204, 0.08)',
-                                    color: 'var(--color-secondary)', border: '1px solid rgba(63, 93, 204, 0.2)',
-                                    padding: '0.6rem 1.25rem', borderRadius: '0.75rem', fontWeight: '700',
-                                    fontSize: '0.85rem', cursor: 'pointer'
-                                }}>
-                                <ArrowRight size={16} /> Send for Review
-                            </button>
-
-                            <button
-                                onClick={handleExport}
-                                className="btn btn-primary"
-                                style={{
-                                    display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: '0.5rem',
-                                    fontSize: '0.85rem', padding: '0.6rem 1.25rem', borderRadius: '0.75rem'
-                                }}>
-                                <Download size={16} /> Export
-                            </button>
-                        </div>
-                    </div>
-
-                    <div style={{ position: 'relative' }}>
-                        {!selectedTemplate && (
-                            <div style={{
-                                position: 'absolute', inset: 0, zIndex: 10,
-                                background: 'var(--bg-glass-strong)', borderRadius: '1rem',
-                                display: 'flex', flexDirection: 'column', alignItems: 'center',
-                                justifyContent: 'center', textAlign: 'center', padding: '2rem'
-                            }}>
-                                <Type size={48} color="var(--text-secondary)" style={{ marginBottom: '1rem' }} />
-                                <h3 style={{ color: 'var(--text-main)', marginBottom: '0.5rem' }}>No Template Selected</h3>
-                                <p style={{ color: 'var(--text-secondary)', fontSize: '0.9rem', maxWidth: '300px' }}>
-                                    Please select a document type from the sidebar to begin your professional draft.
-                                </p>
-                            </div>
-                        )}
-                        <textarea
-                            value={draftContent}
-                            onChange={(e) => setDraftContent(e.target.value)}
-                            placeholder="Draft content will appear here..."
-                            style={{
-                                width: '100%',
-                                height: '500px',
-                                background: 'var(--bg-glass)',
-                                border: 'var(--border-glass)',
-                                borderRadius: '1rem',
-                                padding: '2rem',
-                                color: 'var(--text-main)',
-                                fontFamily: '"Inter", "Courier New", monospace',
-                                fontSize: '1rem',
-                                lineHeight: '1.8',
-                                outline: 'none',
-                                resize: 'none'
-                            }}
-                        />
-                    </div>
-                </div>
-            </div>
-            <style>{`
-                @keyframes spin { from { transform: rotate(0deg); } to { transform: rotate(360deg); } }
-                .spin { animation: spin 1s linear infinite; }
-            `}</style>
-        </div>
-    );
-}
+                                            .catch(err => console.error(err))
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontend/nyaysetu-frontend/src/pages/lawyer/CaseWorkspace.jsx b/frontend/nyaysetu-frontend/src/pages/lawyer/CaseWorkspace.jsx
index ca0d4c278..ef4c3a89b 100644
--- a/frontend/nyaysetu-frontend/src/pages/lawyer/CaseWorkspace.jsx
+++ b/frontend/nyaysetu-frontend/src/pages/lawyer/CaseWorkspace.jsx
@@ -421,9 +421,9 @@ function TabEvidence({ caseId }) {
                     </div>
                 ) : (
                     <div style={{ display: 'grid', gridTemplateColumns: 'repeat(auto-fill, minmax(300px, 1fr))', gap: '1.5rem' }}>
-                        {documents.map(doc => {
+                        {(documents ?? []).map(doc => {
                             const dateStr = doc.uploadDate || doc.createdAt || new Date().toISOString();
-                            const isValidDate = !isNaN(new Date(dateStr).getTime());
+                            const isValidDate = !Number.isNaN(new Date(dateStr).getTime());
 
                             return (
                                 <div key={doc.id} style={{
diff --git a/frontend/nyaysetu-frontend/src/pages/litigant/LitigantDashboard.jsx b/frontend/nyaysetu-frontend/src/pages/litigant/LitigantDashboard.jsx
index 3eeb5e1af..582b375c9 100644
--- a/frontend/nyaysetu-frontend/src/pages/litigant/LitigantDashboard.jsx
+++ b/frontend/nyaysetu-frontend/src/pages/litigant/LitigantDashboard.jsx
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ export default function LitigantDashboard() {
                     new Date(b.filedDate || b.createdAt) - new Date(a.filedDate || a.createdAt)
                 ).slice(0, 3);
                 // ... existing code ...
-                setRecentCases(sortedCases.map(c => ({
+                setRecentCases((sortedCases ?? []).map(c => ({
                     id: c.id?.substring(0, 8) || 'CS-' + Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 6),
                     fullId: c.id,
                     title: c.title || 'Untitled Case',
@@ -242,340 +242,4 @@ export default function LitigantDashboard() {
                                         onClick={() => {
                                             if (confirm('Are you sure you want to approve this draft? This will notify your lawyer.')) {
                                                 import('../../services/api').then(({ default: api }) => {
-                                                    api.put(`/api/v1/cases/${draft.id}/approve-draft`, { approved: true })
-                                                        .then(() => {
-                                                            alert('Draft Approved! Your status is now updated.');
-                                                            window.location.reload();
-                                                        });
-                                                });
-                                            }
-                                        }}
-                                        style={{
-                                            padding: '0.6rem 1.5rem', background: 'linear-gradient(135deg, #f59e0b 0%, #d97706 100%)',
-                                            border: 'none', color: 'white', borderRadius: '0.75rem', fontWeight: '700', cursor: 'pointer',
-                                            boxShadow: '0 4px 10px rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.3)'
-                                        }}>
-                                        {t('litigant.approveSign')}
-                                    </button>
-                                </div>
-                            </div>
-                        ))}
-                    </div>
-                </div>
-            )}
-
-            {/* Stats Grid */}
-            <div style={{
-                display: 'grid',
-                gridTemplateColumns: 'repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr))',
-                gap: '1.5rem',
-                marginBottom: '2rem'
-            }}>
-                {loading ? (
-                    <>
-                        <SkeletonCard />
-                        <SkeletonCard />
-                        <SkeletonCard />
-                        <SkeletonCard />
-                    </>
-                ) 
-                : stats.map((stat, index) => {
-                    const Icon = stat.icon;
-                    return (
-                        <div
-                            key={index}
-                            onClick={() => stat.link && navigate(stat.link)}
-                            style={{
-                                background: 'var(--bg-glass-strong)',
-                                border: 'var(--border-glass-strong)',
-                                borderRadius: '1.5rem',
-                                padding: '1.5rem',
-                                transition: 'all 0.3s',
-                                cursor: 'pointer'
-                            }}
-                            onMouseOver={(e) => {
-                                e.currentTarget.style.transform = 'translateY(-4px)';
-                                e.currentTarget.style.borderColor = 'var(--color-primary)';
-                            }}
-                            onMouseOut={(e) => {
-                                e.currentTarget.style.transform = 'translateY(0)';
-                                e.currentTarget.style.borderColor = '';
-                            }}
-                        >
-                            <div style={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'flex-start', justifyContent: 'space-between', marginBottom: '1rem' }}>
-                                <div>
-                                    <p style={{ fontSize: '0.875rem', color: 'var(--text-secondary)', marginBottom: '0.5rem' }}>
-                                        {t(stat.labelKey)}
-                                    </p>
-                                    <h3 style={{ fontSize: '2.5rem', fontWeight: '800', color: 'var(--text-main)' }}>
-                                        {stat.value}
-                                    </h3>
-                                </div>
-                                <div style={{
-                                    width: '56px',
-                                    height: '56px',
-                                    borderRadius: '14px',
-                                    background: 'var(--bg-glass)',
-                                    display: 'flex',
-                                    alignItems: 'center',
-                                    justifyContent: 'center'
-                                }}>
-                                    <Icon size={28} color={stat.color} />
-                                </div>
-                            </div>
-                            <p style={{ fontSize: '0.875rem', color: stat.color, fontWeight: '600' }}>
-                                {stat.changeKey ? t(stat.changeKey) : stat.change}
-                            </p>
-                        </div>
-                    );
-                })}
-            </div>
-
-            {/* Recent Cases & Hearings Grid */}
-            <div style={{ display: 'grid', gridTemplateColumns: 'repeat(auto-fit, minmax(400px, 1fr))', gap: '1.5rem' }}>
-                {/* Recent Cases */}
-                <div style={{
-                    background: 'var(--bg-glass-strong)',
-                    border: 'var(--border-glass-strong)',
-                    borderRadius: '1.5rem',
-                    padding: '1.5rem'
-                }}>
-                    <div style={{ display: 'flex', justifyContent: 'space-between', alignItems: 'center', marginBottom: '1.5rem' }}>
-                        <h3 style={{ fontSize: '1.25rem', fontWeight: '700', color: 'var(--text-main)' }}>
-                            {t('litigant.recentCases')}
-                        </h3>
-                        <button
-                            onClick={() => navigate('/litigant/case-diary')}
-                            style={{
-                                padding: '0.5rem 1rem',
-                                background: 'var(--bg-glass)',
-                                border: 'var(--border-glass)',
-                                borderRadius: '0.5rem',
-                                color: 'var(--color-primary)',
-                                fontSize: '0.875rem',
-                                fontWeight: '600',
-                                cursor: 'pointer'
-                            }}
-                        >
-                            {t('litigant.viewAll')}
-                        </button>
-                    </div>
-                    <div style={{ display: 'flex', flexDirection: 'column', gap: '1rem' }}>
-                        {loading ? (
-                            <LoadingState minHeight="120px" />
-                        ) : recentCases.length === 0 ? (
-                            <EmptyState
-                                icon={FolderOpen}
-                                title={t('litigant.noCases')}
-                                action={
-                                    <button
-                                        onClick={() => navigate('/litigant/file')}
-                                        style={{
-                                            padding: '0.5rem 1rem',
-                                            background: 'var(--color-primary)',
-                                            border: 'none',
-                                            borderRadius: '0.5rem',
-                                            color: 'white',
-                                            fontWeight: '600',
-                                            cursor: 'pointer'
-                                        }}
-                                    >
-                                        {t('litigant.fileFirstCase')}
-                                    </button>
-                                }
-                            />
-                        ) : (
-                            recentCases.map((caseItem, index) => (
-                                <CaseCard
-                                    key={caseItem.fullId || index}
-                                    id={caseItem.id}
-                                    title={caseItem.title}
-                                    status={caseItem.status}
-                                    date={caseItem.date}
-                                    filedLabel={t('litigant.filed')}
-                                    onClick={() => navigate(`/litigant/case-diary/${caseItem.fullId}`)}
-                                >
-                                    <CaseStepper currentStatus={caseItem.status} judicialStage={caseItem.currentJudicialStage} compact={true} />
-                                </CaseCard>
-                            ))
-                        )}
-                    </div>
-                </div>
-
-                {/* Upcoming Hearings */}
-                <div style={{
-                    background: 'var(--bg-glass-strong)',
-                    border: 'var(--border-glass-strong)',
-                    borderRadius: '1.5rem',
-                    padding: '1.5rem'
-                }}>
-                    <div style={{ display: 'flex', justifyContent: 'space-between', alignItems: 'center', marginBottom: '1.5rem' }}>
-                        <h3 style={{ fontSize: '1.25rem', fontWeight: '700', color: 'var(--text-main)' }}>
-                            {t('litigant.upcomingHearings')}
-                        </h3>
-                        <button
-                            onClick={() => navigate('/litigant/hearings')}
-                            style={{
-                                padding: '0.5rem 1rem',
-                                background: 'var(--bg-glass)',
-                                border: 'var(--border-glass)',
-                                borderRadius: '0.5rem',
-                                color: 'var(--color-primary)',
-                                fontSize: '0.875rem',
-                                fontWeight: '600',
-                                cursor: 'pointer'
-                            }}
-                        >
-                            {t('litigant.viewAll')}
-                        </button>
-                    </div>
-                    <div style={{ display: 'flex', flexDirection: 'column', gap: '1rem' }}>
-                        {loading ? (
-                            <LoadingState minHeight="120px" />
-                        ) : upcomingHearings.length === 0 ? (
-                            <EmptyState
-                                icon={Video}
-                                title={t('litigant.noUpcomingHearings')}
-                                description={t('litigant.hearingsAppearHere')}
-                            />
-                        ) : (
-                            upcomingHearings.map((hearing, index) => (
-                                <div
-                                    key={index}
-                                    style={{
-                                        padding: '1rem',
-                                        background: 'var(--bg-glass)',
-                                        borderRadius: '0.75rem',
-                                        border: 'var(--border-glass)'
-                                    }}
-                                >
-                                    <div style={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: '0.75rem', marginBottom: '0.75rem' }}>
-                                        <div style={{
-                                            width: '40px',
-                                            height: '40px',
-                                            borderRadius: '10px',
-                                            background: 'var(--color-primary)',
-                                            display: 'flex',
-                                            alignItems: 'center',
-                                            justifyContent: 'center'
-                                        }}>
-                                            <Video size={20} color="white" />
-                                        </div>
-                                        <div style={{ flex: 1 }}>
-                                            <h4 style={{ fontSize: '0.95rem', fontWeight: '600', color: 'var(--text-main)', marginBottom: '0.25rem' }}>
-                                                {hearing.title}
-                                            </h4>
-                                            <p style={{ fontSize: '0.75rem', color: 'var(--color-primary)' }}>
-                                                {hearing.caseId}
-                                            </p>
-                                        </div>
-                                    </div>
-                                    <div style={{ display: 'flex', justifyContent: 'space-between', alignItems: 'center' }}>
-                                        <div>
-                                            <p style={{ fontSize: '0.875rem', color: 'var(--text-secondary)', marginBottom: '0.25rem' }}>
-                                                <Clock size={14} style={{ display: 'inline', marginRight: '0.5rem' }} />
-                                                {hearing.date} at {hearing.time}
-                                            </p>
-                                            <span style={{
-                                                fontSize: '0.75rem',
-                                                padding: '0.25rem 0.75rem',
-                                                borderRadius: '9999px',
-                                                background: 'rgba(139, 92, 246, 0.1)',
-                                                color: 'var(--color-primary)',
-                                                fontWeight: '600'
-                                            }}>
-                                                {hearing.type}
-                                            </span>
-                                        </div>
-                                        <div style={{ display: 'flex', gap: '0.5rem' }}>
-                                            <button
-                                                onClick={(e) => {
-                                                    e.stopPropagation();
-                                                    alert("Running VOIS 5G Network Check... \n\n✅ Bandwidth: 100 Mbps\n✅ Latency: 12ms\n✅ Jitter: 2ms\n\nConnection is stable for HD Court VC.");
-                                                }}
-                                                style={{
-                                                    padding: '0.5rem',
-                                                    background: 'rgba(139, 92, 246, 0.1)',
-                                                    border: '1px solid rgba(139, 92, 246, 0.3)',
-                                                    borderRadius: '0.5rem',
-                                                    color: 'var(--color-primary)',
-                                                    cursor: 'pointer',
-                                                    display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', justifyContent: 'center'
-                                                }} title="Test 5G Connection">
-                                                <TrendingUp size={16} />
-                                            </button>
-                                            {(() => {
-                                                // Calculate time difference
-                                                // Assuming hearing.date is YYYY-MM-DD
-                                                const hearingDate = new Date(`${hearing.date}T${hearing.time}`);
-                                                const now = new Date();
-                                                const diffMins = (hearingDate - now) / 60000;
-                                                // Enable logic: 15 mins before OR anytime if demo mode (forced true for now as per user request to "Fix Broken Fetches")
-                                                // Actually, let's make it look dynamic: if date is today and time is close
-                                                const isJoinable = true; // diffMins <= 15 && diffMins > -120;
-
-                                                if (isJoinable) {
-                                                    return (
-                                                        <button
-                                                            onClick={(e) => {
-                                                                e.stopPropagation();
-                                                                // Jitsi Meet Integration logic
-                                                                const domain = 'meet.jit.si';
-                                                                const roomName = `NyaySetuVirtualCourt_${hearing.caseId}_${hearing.date.replace(/-/g, '')}`;
-                                                                const meetLink = `https://${domain}/${roomName}`;
-                                                                window.open(meetLink, '_blank');
-                                                            }}
-                                                            style={{
-                                                                padding: '0.5rem 1rem',
-                                                                background: 'var(--color-primary)',
-                                                                border: 'none',
-                                                                borderRadius: '0.5rem',
-                                                                color: 'white',
-                                                                fontSize: '0.875rem',
-                                                                fontWeight: '600',
-                                                                cursor: 'pointer',
-                                                                animation: 'pulse 2s infinite',
-                                                                display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: '0.5rem'
-                                                            }}>
-                                                            <Video size={14} />
-                                                            {t('litigant.joinVirtualCourt')}
-                                                        </button>
-                                                    );
-                                                } else {
-                                                    return (
-                                                        <div style={{
-                                                            padding: '0.5rem 1rem',
-                                                            background: 'var(--bg-glass)',
-                                                            borderRadius: '0.5rem',
-                                                            color: 'var(--text-secondary)',
-                                                            fontSize: '0.8rem',
-                                                            border: '1px solid var(--border-glass)'
-                                                        }}>
-                                                            Starts in {Math.round(diffMins)} mins
-                                                        </div>
-                                                    );
-                                                }
-                                            })()}
-                                        </div>
-                                    </div>
-                                </div>
-                            ))
-                        )}
-                    </div>
-                </div>
-            </div>
-
-            <style>{`
-                @keyframes spin {
-                    from { transform: rotate(0deg); }
-                    to { transform: rotate(360deg); }
-                }
-                @keyframes pulse {
-                    0% { box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(139, 92, 246, 0.7); }
-                    70% { box-shadow: 0 0 0 10px rgba(139, 92, 246, 0); }
-                    100% { box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(139, 92, 246, 0); }
-                }
-            `}</style>
-        </div>
-    );
-}
+                                                .catch(err => console.error(err))
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontend/nyaysetu-frontend/src/pages/litigant/VakilFriendPage.jsx b/frontend/nyaysetu-frontend/src/pages/litigant/VakilFriendPage.jsx
index 32a4d02b6..38380db7e 100644
--- a/frontend/nyaysetu-frontend/src/pages/litigant/VakilFriendPage.jsx
+++ b/frontend/nyaysetu-frontend/src/pages/litigant/VakilFriendPage.jsx
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ const {
         } catch (err) {
             console.error('Failed to send message:', err);
             if (err.response?.status === 429) {
-                const retryAfter = parseInt(err.response.headers['retry-after'] || '60');
+                const retryAfter = parseInt(err.response.headers['retry-after'] || '60', 10);
                 startCooldown(retryAfter);
                 setMessages(prev => [...prev, {
                     role: 'assistant',
@@ -803,7 +803,7 @@ const startDeepResearch = async (query) => {
                 const analysis = response.data;
 
                 // Update file status with analysis results
-                setAttachedFiles(prev => prev.map(f =>
+                setAttachedFiles(prev => (prev ?? []).map(f =>
                     f.name === file.name && f.status === 'pending'
                         ? {
                             ...f,