-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 3
/
Copy path2021-11Nov-prototype1.html
612 lines (610 loc) · 46.9 KB
/
2021-11Nov-prototype1.html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<title>Understanding Success Criterion 3.1.4: Abbreviations</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://w3.org/WAI/assets/css/style.css" />
<style>
.nav-hack ul {
list-style: none;
border-bottom: 1px solid #BCBCBC;
}
.nav-hack li {
padding-bottom: 0;
margin-bottom: 0.3em;
border-top: 1px solid #BCBCBC;
}
.nav-hack a {
text-decoration: none;
}
main {
display: block;
}
.nav-container {
background-image: linear-gradient(#d0e1f1 0, #d0e1f1 50px, #fff 50px);
}
.nav__item a {
display: inline-block;
}
.nav__item a svg {
vertical-align: middle;
height: 1em;
}
.nav__item a+button {
margin-left: -0.75em;
margin-right: 1em;
;
}
.minimal-header {
-ms-grid-column: 2;
-ms-grid-column-span: 8;
-ms-grid-row: 1;
grid-column: 2 / 10;
}
.main-content {
-ms-grid-column: 2;
-ms-grid-column-span: 6;
grid-column: 2 / span 6;
-ms-grid-row: 2;
-ms-grid-row-span: 2;
grid-row-start: 2;
}
.sidebar ul {
padding: 0;
}
.sidebar li {
margin-left: 1em;
}
.sidebar dd {
margin-left: 0!important;
}
h1 span {
display: block;
font-size: .5em;
margin-bottom: 0.25em;
}
h2 {
position: relative;
}
h2 .permalink {
position: absolute;
left: -1em;
}
h2 .permalink a {
color: var(--grey);
text-decoration: none;
}
h2 .fragmentlink {
margin-left: -1em;
position: relative;
float: left;
}
h2 .fragmentlink svg {
visibility: hidden;
}
h2:hover .fragmentlink svg {
visibility: visible;
}
dt div {
font-weight: normal;
}
.toc-wcag-docs {
list-style: none;
padding-left: 0;
}
.toc-wcag-docs a:visited {
color: #036; /* make same as not visited, because visually same more important than indication of visited here */
}
.main-content > .toc-understanding-guideline > li > a {
font-weight: bold;
margin-top: 2em;
margin-bottom: -.5em;
display: block;
text-decoration: none;
}
.scquote {
margin: 0;
border: 1px solid var(--line-grey);
padding: 1em;
font-style: normal;
}
.scquote > :first-child {
margin-top: 0;
padding-top: 0;
}
.pager {
margin-bottom: 32px;
}
.pager--item.context {
flex: 100%;
background: var(--cloudy-subtle);
margin: -8px -8px 8px;
padding: 8px;
text-align: center;
}
.pager--item.context > a {
justify-content: center;
}
.pager--item.next a {
text-align: right;
}
.pager--item-text {
margin: 0 8px;
}
.minimal-header-container {
background-color: #005a9c;
background-color: var(--w3c-classic);
color: #fff;
color: var(--pure-white);
}
.minimal-header-logo > a {
display: flex;
}
.minimal-header-name > a {
color: inherit;
}
.note {
background: var(--off-white);
padding: 1em;
border: 1px solid var(--cloudy);
}
}
.note-title {
font-weight: bold;
}
</style>
</head>
<body dir="ltr">
<header class="default-grid with-gap minimal-header-container">
<div class="minimal-header"><span class="minimal-header-name"><a href="../">WCAG 2.2: Understanding documents</a></span>
<div class="minimal-header-logo"><a href="http://w3.org/" aria-label="W3C">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="2em" viewBox="0 0 91.968 44" style="margin: 0.75em 0 0.75em 0.5em">
<g fill-rule="evenodd" fill="none">
<path fill="#015a9c" d="M-.231-.21h92.917v44.659H-.23z"></path>
<g fill-rule="nonzero" fill="#fff">
<path d="M21.752 0l7.789 26.78L37.329 0H58.444v2.662l-7.95 13.852c2.792.907 4.905 2.555 6.337 4.944 1.432 2.391 2.149 5.196 2.149 8.419 0 3.985-1.048 7.335-3.143 10.05C53.742 42.642 51.029 44 47.7 44c-2.507 0-4.691-.806-6.552-2.417-1.862-1.611-3.24-3.793-4.136-6.546l4.403-1.846c.646 1.666 1.496 2.979 2.552 3.938 1.056.96 2.3 1.438 3.733 1.438 1.504 0 2.775-.85 3.813-2.552 1.039-1.703 1.558-3.747 1.558-6.14 0-2.643-.556-4.69-1.664-6.138-1.29-1.701-3.314-2.554-6.071-2.554h-2.148v-2.606l7.52-13.147H41.63l-.516.889-11.04 37.678h-.536L21.48 16.73l-8.056 27.268h-.537L0 0h5.64l7.787 26.78 5.264-18.033L16.113 0zM87.958 0c-1.077 0-2.044.388-2.777 1.133-.777.79-1.21 1.81-1.21 2.866s.412 2.034 1.167 2.8C85.905 7.579 86.892 8 87.959 8c1.043 0 2.055-.422 2.843-1.188.755-.733 1.166-1.711 1.166-2.811a3.997 3.997 0 00-1.155-2.811A3.946 3.946 0 0087.958 0zm3.476 4.034a3.32 3.32 0 01-1.01 2.41c-.69.668-1.544 1.023-2.489 1.023a3.405 3.405 0 01-2.42-1.033c-.655-.667-1.022-1.523-1.022-2.433 0-.911.378-1.8 1.055-2.489.633-.645 1.488-.988 2.42-.988.955 0 1.81.356 2.477 1.033.645.643.99 1.51.99 2.477zm-3.366-2.378h-1.71v4.533h.855V4.256h.845l.922 1.933h.955l-1.012-2.066c.655-.134 1.033-.578 1.033-1.223 0-.822-.621-1.244-1.888-1.244zm-.155.555c.8 0 1.165.222 1.165.778 0 .533-.365.722-1.144.722h-.722v-1.5zM82.109 0l.862 5.914-3.05 6.588s-1.172-2.795-3.118-4.342c-1.64-1.303-2.708-1.586-4.378-1.198-2.145.5-4.577 3.394-5.638 6.963-1.27 4.27-1.283 6.336-1.328 8.234-.071 3.042.354 4.841.354 4.841s-1.853-3.868-1.835-9.533c.012-4.043.576-7.71 2.233-11.328 1.459-3.181 3.626-5.09 5.55-5.315 1.99-.232 3.562.85 4.777 2.02 1.276 1.23 2.565 3.918 2.565 3.918zM82.202 31.824s-1.338 2.567-2.171 3.556c-.834.99-2.326 2.732-4.167 3.603-1.842.872-2.808 1.036-4.628.849-1.82-.188-3.51-1.319-4.102-1.79-.592-.472-2.106-1.861-2.962-3.156C63.317 33.59 61.98 31 61.98 31s.745 2.596 1.212 3.698c.269.635 1.094 2.574 2.265 4.262 1.092 1.576 3.214 4.287 6.438 4.899 3.224.613 5.44-.942 5.987-1.319.549-.376 1.704-1.416 2.436-2.256.763-.877 1.486-1.995 1.886-2.666.292-.49.768-1.485.768-1.485z"></path>
</g>
</g>
</svg>
</a><a href="http://w3.org/WAI/" aria-label="Web Accessibility Initiative">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="2em" viewBox="0 0 162.5 45.9" style="margin: 0.75em 0 0.75em 0.5em">
<g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd">
<path d="M0 0h162.5v45.9H0z" fill="#015a9c"></path>
<path d="M1.2 24.5h160" stroke="#eed009" stroke-linecap="square" stroke-width="2"></path>
<g fill="#fff" fill-rule="nonzero">
<path d="M15.741 15.5h-1.816L11.14 6.145c-.41-1.394-.65-2.334-.722-2.823-.104.749-.332 1.71-.684 2.881L7.04 15.5H5.223L1.444 1.223H3.32l2.217 8.72c.3 1.14.527 2.272.684 3.399.143-1.068.397-2.237.761-3.506l2.52-8.613h1.855l2.627 8.681c.339 1.127.6 2.272.781 3.438.105-.899.336-2.038.694-3.418l2.207-8.701h1.875zm10.127.195c-1.608 0-2.87-.486-3.784-1.46-.915-.973-1.372-2.312-1.372-4.018 0-1.719.426-3.088 1.279-4.107.853-1.019 2.005-1.528 3.457-1.528 1.348 0 2.422.435 3.223 1.304.8.869 1.2 2.046 1.2 3.53v1.064h-7.343c.033 1.218.342 2.142.928 2.774.586.631 1.416.947 2.49.947a8.46 8.46 0 001.631-.151c.514-.101 1.116-.298 1.807-.591v1.543a8.506 8.506 0 01-1.67.537c-.521.104-1.136.156-1.846.156zm-.44-9.677c-.84 0-1.503.27-1.992.81-.488.54-.778 1.292-.869 2.256h5.46c-.014-1.003-.245-1.764-.694-2.285-.45-.521-1.084-.781-1.904-.781zm12.237-1.416c1.413 0 2.503.486 3.271 1.46.769.973 1.153 2.332 1.153 4.077 0 1.77-.39 3.14-1.172 4.106-.781.967-1.865 1.45-3.252 1.45-.723 0-1.367-.13-1.934-.39a3.384 3.384 0 01-1.386-1.162h-.137a48.165 48.165 0 01-.362 1.357h-1.26V.305h1.759v3.691c0 .736-.033 1.471-.098 2.207h.098c.722-1.068 1.829-1.601 3.32-1.601zm-.293 1.455c-1.08 0-1.856.306-2.324.918-.47.612-.703 1.647-.703 3.105v.078c0 1.465.239 2.512.717 3.14.479.628 1.262.942 2.349.942.963 0 1.681-.353 2.153-1.06.472-.706.708-1.726.708-3.06 0-1.355-.237-2.37-.713-3.048-.475-.677-1.204-1.015-2.187-1.015zM59.286 15.5l-1.719-4.424h-5.664l-1.7 4.424h-1.816l5.577-14.336h1.62L61.152 15.5zM57.03 9.484L55.43 5.158l-.684-2.138c-.195.78-.4 1.494-.615 2.138l-1.621 4.326zm10.137 6.211c-1.543 0-2.744-.473-3.604-1.42-.86-.948-1.289-2.307-1.289-4.078 0-1.797.435-3.182 1.304-4.155.87-.973 2.108-1.46 3.716-1.46.52 0 1.037.054 1.548.161.51.108.932.246 1.264.415l-.537 1.465c-.905-.338-1.676-.508-2.314-.508-1.081 0-1.879.34-2.393 1.02-.514.681-.771 1.695-.771 3.043 0 1.295.257 2.287.771 2.973.514.687 1.276 1.03 2.285 1.03.944 0 1.872-.208 2.783-.624v1.562c-.742.384-1.663.576-2.763.576zm9.6 0c-1.544 0-2.745-.473-3.604-1.42-.86-.948-1.29-2.307-1.29-4.078 0-1.797.435-3.182 1.305-4.155.869-.973 2.107-1.46 3.715-1.46.521 0 1.037.054 1.548.161.511.108.933.246 1.265.415l-.537 1.465c-.905-.338-1.677-.508-2.315-.508-1.08 0-1.878.34-2.392 1.02-.515.681-.772 1.695-.772 3.043 0 1.295.257 2.287.772 2.973.514.687 1.276 1.03 2.285 1.03.944 0 1.872-.208 2.783-.624v1.562c-.742.384-1.663.576-2.764.576zm9.863 0c-1.608 0-2.87-.486-3.784-1.46-.915-.973-1.373-2.312-1.373-4.018 0-1.719.427-3.088 1.28-4.107.853-1.019 2.005-1.528 3.457-1.528 1.347 0 2.422.435 3.222 1.304.801.869 1.202 2.046 1.202 3.53v1.064H83.29c.032 1.218.342 2.142.928 2.774.586.631 1.416.947 2.49.947a8.46 8.46 0 001.63-.151c.515-.101 1.117-.298 1.807-.591v1.543a8.506 8.506 0 01-1.67.537c-.52.104-1.136.156-1.845.156zm-.44-9.677c-.84 0-1.504.27-1.992.81s-.778 1.292-.87 2.256h5.46c-.013-1.003-.244-1.764-.693-2.285-.45-.521-1.084-.781-1.905-.781zm14.14 6.523c0 1.003-.373 1.779-1.122 2.33-.749.55-1.8.824-3.154.824-1.413 0-2.536-.224-3.37-.674V13.42c1.179.573 2.315.86 3.409.86.885 0 1.53-.144 1.933-.43.404-.287.606-.671.606-1.153 0-.423-.194-.781-.581-1.074-.388-.293-1.076-.628-2.066-1.006-1.009-.39-1.719-.724-2.129-1-.41-.277-.711-.588-.903-.933-.192-.345-.288-.765-.288-1.26 0-.88.358-1.572 1.074-2.08.716-.508 1.7-.762 2.95-.762a8.17 8.17 0 013.417.723L99.511 6.7c-1.088-.456-2.068-.683-2.94-.683-.73 0-1.282.115-1.66.346-.378.231-.566.549-.566.952 0 .391.162.715.488.972.325.257 1.084.614 2.275 1.07.892.331 1.551.64 1.978.927.426.287.74.609.942.967.202.358.303.788.303 1.289zm9.58 0c0 1.003-.373 1.779-1.122 2.33-.749.55-1.8.824-3.154.824-1.413 0-2.536-.224-3.37-.674V13.42c1.179.573 2.315.86 3.409.86.885 0 1.53-.144 1.933-.43.404-.287.606-.671.606-1.153 0-.423-.194-.781-.581-1.074-.388-.293-1.076-.628-2.066-1.006-1.009-.39-1.719-.724-2.129-1-.41-.277-.71-.588-.903-.933-.192-.345-.288-.765-.288-1.26 0-.88.358-1.572 1.074-2.08.716-.508 1.7-.762 2.95-.762a8.17 8.17 0 013.417.723l-.595 1.396c-1.088-.456-2.067-.683-2.94-.683-.729 0-1.282.115-1.66.346-.378.231-.566.549-.566.952 0 .391.162.715.488.972.325.257 1.084.614 2.275 1.07.892.331 1.551.64 1.978.927.426.287.74.609.942.967.202.358.303.788.303 1.289zm4.356 2.959h-1.757V4.777h1.757zm-1.894-13.623c0-.39.1-.674.298-.85.198-.175.444-.263.737-.263.273 0 .513.088.718.263.205.176.307.46.307.85 0 .384-.102.667-.307.85a1.047 1.047 0 01-.718.273 1.05 1.05 0 01-.737-.273c-.199-.183-.298-.466-.298-.85zm10.371 2.725c1.413 0 2.503.486 3.271 1.46.769.973 1.153 2.332 1.153 4.077 0 1.77-.39 3.14-1.172 4.106-.781.967-1.865 1.45-3.252 1.45-.723 0-1.367-.13-1.934-.39a3.384 3.384 0 01-1.386-1.162h-.137a48.244 48.244 0 01-.361 1.357h-1.26V.305h1.758v3.691c0 .736-.033 1.471-.098 2.207h.098c.722-1.068 1.83-1.601 3.32-1.601zm-.293 1.455c-1.08 0-1.855.306-2.324.918-.469.612-.703 1.647-.703 3.105v.078c0 1.465.239 2.512.717 3.14.479.628 1.262.942 2.35.942.963 0 1.68-.353 2.152-1.06.472-.706.708-1.726.708-3.06 0-1.355-.237-2.37-.713-3.048-.475-.677-1.204-1.015-2.187-1.015zm9.277 9.443h-1.757V4.777h1.757zm-1.894-13.623c0-.39.1-.674.298-.85.198-.175.444-.263.737-.263.273 0 .513.088.718.263.205.176.307.46.307.85 0 .384-.102.667-.307.85a1.047 1.047 0 01-.718.273 1.05 1.05 0 01-.737-.273c-.199-.183-.298-.466-.298-.85zm7.05 13.623h-1.757V.305h1.758zm5.157 0h-1.758V4.777h1.758zm-1.895-13.623c0-.39.1-.674.298-.85.199-.175.444-.263.737-.263.274 0 .513.088.718.263.205.176.308.46.308.85 0 .384-.103.667-.308.85a1.047 1.047 0 01-.718.273 1.05 1.05 0 01-.737-.273c-.198-.183-.298-.466-.298-.85zm8.877 12.383c.228 0 .495-.023.801-.069.306-.045.537-.097.693-.156v1.348c-.162.071-.415.141-.756.21a5.29 5.29 0 01-1.04.102c-2.097 0-3.145-1.103-3.145-3.31v-6.24h-1.514v-.84l1.534-.703.703-2.286h1.045v2.461h3.095v1.368h-3.095v6.19c0 .62.148 1.095.444 1.427.296.332.708.498 1.235.498zm1.953-9.483h1.885l2.315 6.104c.488 1.328.787 2.301.898 2.92h.078c.059-.241.192-.692.4-1.353.209-.66.385-1.19.528-1.587l2.178-6.084h1.894l-4.619 12.207c-.45 1.185-.983 2.035-1.602 2.55-.618.514-1.383.77-2.294.77-.489 0-.974-.055-1.456-.165v-1.397c.326.078.717.117 1.172.117.56 0 1.035-.154 1.426-.463.39-.31.71-.787.957-1.431l.557-1.426zM7.157 45.5H2.001v-1.035l1.68-.381V32.658l-1.68-.4v-1.035h5.156v1.035l-1.68.4v11.426l1.68.38zm9.824 0v-6.855c0-.873-.193-1.522-.58-1.949-.388-.426-.995-.64-1.822-.64-1.1 0-1.9.305-2.398.914-.498.608-.747 1.6-.747 2.973V45.5H9.677V34.777h1.416l.263 1.465h.098a3.31 3.31 0 011.396-1.225 4.492 4.492 0 011.983-.435c1.315 0 2.292.319 2.93.957.638.638.957 1.63.957 2.979V45.5zm6.817 0H22.04V34.777h1.758zm-1.895-13.623c0-.39.1-.674.298-.85.199-.175.444-.263.737-.263.274 0 .513.088.718.263.205.176.308.46.308.85 0 .384-.103.667-.308.85a1.047 1.047 0 01-.718.273 1.05 1.05 0 01-.737-.273c-.199-.183-.298-.466-.298-.85zM30.78 44.26c.228 0 .495-.023.8-.069.307-.045.538-.097.694-.156v1.348c-.163.071-.415.141-.757.21a5.29 5.29 0 01-1.04.102c-2.096 0-3.144-1.103-3.144-3.31v-6.24h-1.514v-.84l1.533-.703.703-2.286H29.1v2.461h3.096v1.368H29.1v6.19c0 .62.149 1.095.445 1.427.296.332.708.498 1.235.498zm5.39 1.24h-1.757V34.777h1.758zm-1.894-13.623c0-.39.1-.674.298-.85.199-.175.444-.263.737-.263.274 0 .513.088.718.263.205.176.308.46.308.85 0 .384-.103.667-.308.85a1.047 1.047 0 01-.718.273 1.05 1.05 0 01-.737-.273c-.199-.183-.298-.466-.298-.85zM46.19 45.5l-.342-1.523h-.078c-.534.67-1.066 1.124-1.596 1.362-.53.237-1.2.356-2.007.356-1.055 0-1.882-.276-2.48-.83-.6-.553-.9-1.334-.9-2.344 0-2.174 1.716-3.313 5.147-3.417l1.817-.069V38.4c0-.813-.176-1.414-.528-1.801-.351-.388-.914-.581-1.689-.581-.566 0-1.102.084-1.606.253-.505.17-.979.359-1.421.567l-.537-1.318a7.958 7.958 0 011.767-.674 7.642 7.642 0 011.895-.244c1.295 0 2.259.286 2.89.859.632.573.948 1.484.948 2.734V45.5zm-3.623-1.22c.983 0 1.756-.266 2.32-.797.563-.53.844-1.284.844-2.26v-.967l-1.582.068c-1.23.046-2.127.241-2.69.586-.563.345-.845.889-.845 1.631 0 .56.171.99.513 1.29.342.299.822.448 1.44.448zm11.807-.02c.228 0 .495-.023.8-.069.307-.045.538-.097.694-.156v1.348c-.163.071-.415.141-.757.21a5.29 5.29 0 01-1.04.102c-2.096 0-3.144-1.103-3.144-3.31v-6.24h-1.514v-.84l1.533-.703.703-2.286h1.045v2.461h3.096v1.368h-3.096v6.19c0 .62.148 1.095.444 1.427.297.332.708.498 1.236.498zm5.39 1.24h-1.757V34.777h1.757zM57.87 31.877c0-.39.1-.674.298-.85.198-.175.444-.263.737-.263.274 0 .513.088.718.263.205.176.307.46.307.85 0 .384-.102.667-.307.85a1.047 1.047 0 01-.718.273 1.05 1.05 0 01-.737-.273c-.199-.183-.298-.466-.298-.85zM65.526 45.5l-4.062-10.723h1.884l2.276 6.319c.45 1.27.736 2.216.86 2.842h.077a11.495 11.495 0 01.176-.64c.04-.127.28-.861.723-2.202l2.285-6.319h1.875L67.548 45.5zm12.354.195c-1.608 0-2.87-.486-3.784-1.46-.915-.973-1.373-2.312-1.373-4.018 0-1.719.427-3.088 1.28-4.107.853-1.019 2.005-1.528 3.457-1.528 1.347 0 2.422.435 3.222 1.304.801.869 1.202 2.046 1.202 3.53v1.064H74.54c.032 1.218.342 2.142.928 2.774.586.631 1.416.947 2.49.947a8.46 8.46 0 001.63-.151c.515-.101 1.117-.298 1.807-.591v1.543a8.506 8.506 0 01-1.67.537c-.52.104-1.136.156-1.845.156zm-.44-9.677c-.84 0-1.504.27-1.992.81s-.778 1.292-.87 2.256h5.46c-.013-1.003-.244-1.764-.693-2.285-.45-.521-1.084-.781-1.905-.781zM137.741 45.5h-1.816l-2.784-9.355c-.41-1.394-.65-2.334-.722-2.823-.104.749-.332 1.71-.684 2.881L129.04 45.5h-1.817l-3.779-14.277h1.875l2.217 8.72c.3 1.14.527 2.272.684 3.399.143-1.068.397-2.237.761-3.506l2.52-8.613h1.855l2.627 8.681c.339 1.127.6 2.272.781 3.438.105-.899.336-2.038.694-3.418l2.207-8.701h1.875zm14.57 0l-1.718-4.424h-5.664l-1.7 4.424h-1.816l5.576-14.336h1.621l5.567 14.336zm-2.256-6.016l-1.601-4.326-.684-2.138c-.195.78-.4 1.494-.615 2.138l-1.621 4.326zm10.098 6.016h-5.156v-1.035l1.68-.381V32.658l-1.68-.4v-1.035h5.156v1.035l-1.68.4v11.426l1.68.38z"></path>
</g>
</g>
</svg>
</a></div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="nav-container">
<div class="default-grid">
<nav class="nav" aria-label="Understanding documents">
<ul>
<li class="nav__item"><a href="."> All Understanding documents</a></li>
<li class="nav__item"><a href="/understanding/about">About Understanding documents</a></li>
<li class="nav__item"><a href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/docs/">All WCAG 2 Guidance
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" height="24" width="24">
<path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M14 5C13.4477 5 13 4.55228 13 4C13 3.44772 13.4477 3 14 3H20C20.2652 3 20.5196 3.10536 20.7071 3.29289C20.8946 3.48043 21 3.73478 21 4L21 10C21 10.5523 20.5523 11 20 11C19.4477 11 19 10.5523 19 10L19 6.41422L9.70711 15.7071C9.31658 16.0976 8.68342 16.0976 8.29289 15.7071C7.90237 15.3166 7.90237 14.6834 8.29289 14.2929L17.5858 5H14ZM3 7C3 5.89543 3.89543 5 5 5H10C10.5523 5 11 5.44772 11 6C11 6.55228 10.5523 7 10 7H5V19H17V14C17 13.4477 17.4477 13 18 13C18.5523 13 19 13.4477 19 14V19C19 20.1046 18.1046 21 17 21H5C3.89543 21 3 20.1046 3 19V7Z" fill="#282828"></path>
</svg>
</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
<div class="default-grid">
<aside class="nav-hack your-report your-report--expanded sidebar" aria-labelledby="about-this-page" style="font-size: 0.85rem">
<h2 style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding-bottom: 0; font-size: 1rem" id="previous-next">Navigation</h2>
<p><a href=".">Guideline: Readable</a></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="/@@">Previous SC: Unusual Words</a></li>
<li>This SC: Abbreviations</li>
<li><a href="/@@">Next SC: Reading Level</a></li>
</ul>
<h3 style="margin-top: 21px; margin-bottom: 7px;font-size: 1rem;" id="page-contents">This Page Contents</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="@@">Intent</a></li>
<li><a href="@@">Benefits</a></li>
<li><a href="@@">Examples</a></li>
<li><a href="@@">Related Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="@@">Techniques</a></li>
<li><a href="@@">Key Terms</a></li>
</ul>
<p style="font-size: 0.95rem"><em>This Understanding document is not normative, which means it is <a href="https://draft-wcag-redesign.netlify.app/understanding//about"> not required to meet WCAG</a>.</em></p>
</aside>
<main class="main-content">
<h1><span class="standalone-resource__type-of-guidance">Understanding SC 3.1.4:</span>Abbreviations (Level AAA)</h1>
<aside class="box">
<header class="box-h box-h-icon"> Success Criterion (SC)</header>
<div class="box-i">
<p>A <a href="#dfn-mechanism">mechanism</a> for identifying the expanded form or meaning of <a href="#dfn-abbreviation">abbreviations</a> is available. </p>
</div>
</aside>
<div class="excol-all"></div>
<section id="intent">
<h2>Intent</h2>
<p>The intent of this Success Criterion is to ensure that users can access the expanded
form of abbreviations. </p>
</section>
<section id="benefits">
<h2>Benefits</h2>
<p>This Success Criterion may help people who:</p>
<ul>
<li>have difficulty decoding words;</li>
<li>rely on screen magnifiers (magnification may reduce contextual cues);</li>
<li>have limited memory;</li>
<li>have difficulty using context to aid understanding.</li>
</ul>
<p> Abbreviations may confuse some readers in different ways: </p>
<ul>
<li>Some abbreviations do not look like normal words and cannot be pronounced according
to the usual rules of the language. For example, the English word "room" is abbreviated
as "rm," which does not correspond to any English word or phoneme. The user has to
know that "rm" is an abbreviation for the word "room" in order to say it correctly. </li>
<li>Sometimes, the same abbreviation means different things in different contexts. For
example, in the English sentence "Dr. Johnson lives on Boswell Dr.," the first "Dr."
is an abbreviation for "Doctor" and the second instance is an abbreviation for the
word "Drive" (a word that means "street"). Users must be able to understand the context
in order to know what the abbreviations mean. </li>
<li>Some acronyms spell common words but are used in different ways. For example, "JAWS"
is an acronym for a screen reader whose full name is "Job Access with Speech." It
is also a common English word referring to the part of the mouth that holds the teeth.
The acronym is used differently than the common word. </li>
<li>Some acronyms sound like common words but are spelled differently. For example, the
acronym for Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language, S M I L, is pronounced like
the English word "smile." </li>
</ul>
<p>It would also help people with visual disabilities who:</p>
<ul>
<li>Lose context when zoomed-in with a screen magnifier</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="examples">
<h2>Examples</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p> <strong>An abbreviation whose expansion is provided the first time the abbreviation appears
in the content. </strong> </p>
<p>The name, "World Wide Web Consortium," appears as the first heading on the organization's
home page. The abbreviation, "W3C," is enclosed in parentheses in the same heading. </p>
</li>
<li>
<p> <strong>A dictionary search form.</strong> </p>
<p>A Web site includes a search form provided by an on-line acronym service. Users enter
an acronym and the form returns a list of possible expansions from the sources that
it searched. </p>
</li>
<li>
<p> <strong>A medical Web site.</strong> </p>
<p>A medical Web site provides information for both doctors and patients. The site includes
a set of cascading dictionaries; a very specialized medical dictionary is first,
followed by a second medical dictionary for the general public. The cascade also includes
a list of acronyms and abbreviations that are unique to the site, and finally there
is a standard dictionary as well. The standard dictionary at the end of the list provides
definitions for most words in the text. The specialized medical dictionary yields
definitions of unusual medical terms. Definitions for words that appear in more than
one dictionary are listed in the order of the cascade. The meaning of acronyms and
abbreviations is provided by the list of acronyms and abbreviations. </p>
</li>
<li>
<p> <strong> Expanded forms of Abbreviations. </strong> </p>
<p> The expanded form of each abbreviation is available in a programmatically determinable
manner. User agents that speak the text can use the expanded form to announce the
abbreviation. Other user agents might make the expanded form available as a tooltip
or as contextual help for the abbreviation. </p>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="resources">
<h2>Related Resources</h2>
<p>Resources are for information purposes only, no endorsement implied.</p>
<ul>
<li> <a href="http://www.acronymfinder.com/">Acronym finder</a> - You can search with the exact acronym, the beginning of the acronym, wildcards
and reverse lookup. </li>
<li> <a href="http://www.abbreviations.com/">Abbreviations.com</a>. </li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="techniques">
<h2>Techniques</h2>
<p>Each numbered item in this section represents a technique or combination of techniques
that the WCAG Working Group deems sufficient for meeting this Success Criterion. However,
it is not necessary to use these particular techniques. For information on using other
techniques, see <a href="understanding-techniques">Understanding Techniques for WCAG Success Criteria</a>, particularly the "Other Techniques" section. </p>
<section id="sufficient">
<h3>Sufficient Techniques</h3>
<p>Select the situation below that matches your content. Each situation includes techniques
or combinations of techniques that are known and documented to be sufficient for that
situation. </p>
<section class="situation" id="abbreviations-situation-0">
<h4>Situation A: If the abbreviation has only one meaning within the Web page: </h4>
<ol>
<li>
<p> <a class="general" href="/techniques/general/G102">G102: Providing the expansion or explanation of an abbreviation</a> for the first occurrence of the abbreviation in a Web page using one of the following
techniques: </p>
<ul>
<li> <a class="general" href="/techniques/general/G97">G97: Providing the first use of an abbreviation immediately before or after the expanded
form</a> </li>
<li> <a class="general" href="/techniques/general/G55">G55: Linking to definitions</a> </li>
<li> <a class="html" href="/techniques/html/H28">H28: Providing definitions for abbreviations by using the abbr element</a> </li>
<li> <a class="pdf" href="/techniques/pdf/PDF8">PDF8: Providing definitions for abbreviations via an E entry for a structure element</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p> <a class="general" href="/techniques/general/G102">G102: Providing the expansion or explanation of an abbreviation</a> for all occurrences of the abbreviation in a Web page using one of the following
techniques: </p>
<ul>
<li> <a class="general" href="/techniques/general/G55">G55: Linking to definitions</a> </li>
<li> <a class="general" href="/techniques/general/G62">G62: Providing a glossary</a> </li>
<li> <a class="html" href="/techniques/html/H60">H60: Using the link element to link to a glossary</a> </li>
<li> <a class="general" href="/techniques/general/G70">G70: Providing a function to search an online dictionary</a> </li>
<li> <a class="html" href="/techniques/html/H28">H28: Providing definitions for abbreviations by using the abbr element</a> </li>
<li> <a class="pdf" href="/techniques/pdf/PDF8">PDF8: Providing definitions for abbreviations via an E entry for a structure element</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
</section>
<section class="situation" id="abbreviations-situation-1">
<h4>Situation B: If the abbreviation means different things within the same Web page: </h4>
<ol>
<li>
<p> <a class="general" href="/techniques/general/G102">G102: Providing the expansion or explanation of an abbreviation</a> for all occurrences of abbreviations in a Web page using one of the following techniques: </p>
<ul>
<li> <a class="general" href="/techniques/general/G55">G55: Linking to definitions</a> </li>
<li> <a class="html" href="/techniques/html/H28">H28: Providing definitions for abbreviations by using the abbr element</a> </li>
<li> <a class="pdf" href="/techniques/pdf/PDF8">PDF8: Providing definitions for abbreviations via an E entry for a structure element</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
</section>
</section>
</section>
<section id="key-terms">
<details>
<summary>
<h2>Key Terms</h2>
</summary>
<dt id="dfn-abbreviation">abbreviation</dt>
<dd>
<definition xmlns="">
<p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">shortened form of a word, phrase, or name where the abbreviation has not become part
of the language </p>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="note">
<div role="heading" class="note-title marker" aria-level="2">Note</div>
<p>This includes initialisms and acronyms where:</p>
</div>
<ol xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<li>
<p> <strong>initialisms</strong> are shortened forms of a name or phrase made from the initial letters of words or
syllables contained in that name or phrase </p>
<div class="note">
<div role="heading" class="note-title marker" aria-level="2">Note</div>
<p>Not defined in all languages.</p>
</div>
<p class="example">SNCF is a French initialism that contains the initial letters of the <span lang="fr">Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer</span>, the French national railroad. </p>
<p class="example">ESP is an initialism for extrasensory perception.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p> <strong>acronyms</strong> are abbreviated forms made from the initial letters or parts of other words (in a
name or phrase) which may be pronounced as a word </p>
<p class="example">NOAA is an acronym made from the initial letters of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration in the United States. </p>
</li>
</ol>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="note">
<div role="heading" class="note-title marker" aria-level="2">Note</div>
<p>Some companies have adopted what used to be an initialism as their company name. In
these cases, the new name of the company is the letters (for example, Ecma) and the
word is no longer considered an abbreviation. </p>
</div>
</definition>
</dd>
<dt id="dfn-assistive-technology">assistive technology</dt>
<dd>
<definition xmlns="">
<p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">hardware and/or software that acts as a <a href="#dfn-user-agent">user agent</a>, or along with a mainstream user agent, to provide functionality to meet the requirements
of users with disabilities that go beyond those offered by mainstream user agents </p>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="note">
<div role="heading" class="note-title marker" aria-level="2">Note</div>
<p>functionality provided by assistive technology includes alternative presentations
(e.g., as synthesized speech or magnified content), alternative input methods (e.g.,
voice), additional navigation or orientation mechanisms, and content transformations
(e.g., to make tables more accessible). </p>
</div>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="note">
<div role="heading" class="note-title marker" aria-level="2">Note</div>
<p>Assistive technologies often communicate data and messages with mainstream user agents
by using and monitoring APIs. </p>
</div>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="note">
<div role="heading" class="note-title marker" aria-level="2">Note</div>
<p>The distinction between mainstream user agents and assistive technologies is not absolute.
Many mainstream user agents provide some features to assist individuals with disabilities.
The basic difference is that mainstream user agents target broad and diverse audiences
that usually include people with and without disabilities. Assistive technologies
target narrowly defined populations of users with specific disabilities. The assistance
provided by an assistive technology is more specific and appropriate to the needs
of its target users. The mainstream user agent may provide important functionality
to assistive technologies like retrieving Web content from program objects or parsing
markup into identifiable bundles. </p>
</div>
<p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="example">Assistive technologies that are important in the context of this document include
the following: </p>
<ul xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<li>screen magnifiers, and other visual reading assistants, which are used by people with
visual, perceptual and physical print disabilities to change text font, size, spacing,
color, synchronization with speech, etc. in order to improve the visual readability
of rendered text and images; </li>
<li>screen readers, which are used by people who are blind to read textual information
through synthesized speech or braille; </li>
<li>text-to-speech software, which is used by some people with cognitive, language, and
learning disabilities to convert text into synthetic speech; </li>
<li>speech recognition software, which may be used by people who have some physical disabilities;</li>
<li>alternative keyboards, which are used by people with certain physical disabilities
to simulate the keyboard (including alternate keyboards that use head pointers, single
switches, sip/puff and other special input devices.); </li>
<li>alternative pointing devices, which are used by people with certain physical disabilities
to simulate mouse pointing and button activations. </li>
</ul>
</definition>
</dd>
<dt id="dfn-conformance">conformance</dt>
<dd>
<definition xmlns="">
<p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">satisfying all the requirements of a given standard, guideline or specification</p>
</definition>
</dd>
<dt id="dfn-mechanism">mechanism</dt>
<dd>
<definition xmlns="">
<p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <a href="#dfn-process">process</a> or technique for achieving a result </p>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="note">
<div role="heading" class="note-title marker" aria-level="2">Note</div>
<p>The mechanism may be explicitly provided in the content, or may be <a href="#dfn-relied-upon">relied upon</a> to be provided by either the platform or by <a href="#dfn-user-agent">user agents</a>, including <a href="#dfn-assistive-technology">assistive technologies</a>. </p>
</div>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="note">
<div role="heading" class="note-title marker" aria-level="2">Note</div>
<p>The mechanism needs to meet all success criteria for the conformance level claimed.</p>
</div>
</definition>
</dd>
<dt id="dfn-process">process</dt>
<dd>
<definition xmlns="">
<p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">series of user actions where each action is required in order to complete an activity</p>
<p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="example">Successful use of a series of Web pages on a shopping site requires users to view
alternative products, prices and offers, select products, submit an order, provide
shipping information and provide payment information. </p>
<p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="example">An account registration page requires successful completion of a Turing test before
the registration form can be accessed. </p>
</definition>
</dd>
<dt id="dfn-relied-upon">relied upon</dt>
<dd>
<definition xmlns="">
<p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">the content would not <a href="#dfn-conformance">conform</a> if that <a href="#dfn-technology">technology</a> is turned off or is not supported </p>
</definition>
</dd>
<dt id="dfn-technology">technology</dt>
<dd>
<definition xmlns="">
<p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <a href="#dfn-mechanism">mechanism</a> for encoding instructions to be rendered, played or executed by <a href="#dfn-user-agent">user agents</a> </p>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="note">
<div role="heading" class="note-title marker" aria-level="2">Note</div>
<p>As used in these guidelines "Web Technology" and the word "technology" (when used
alone) both refer to Web Content Technologies. </p>
</div>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="note">
<div role="heading" class="note-title marker" aria-level="2">Note</div>
<p>Web content technologies may include markup languages, data formats, or programming
languages that authors may use alone or in combination to create end-user experiences
that range from static Web pages to synchronized media presentations to dynamic Web
applications. </p>
</div>
<p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="example">Some common examples of Web content technologies include HTML, CSS, SVG, PNG, PDF,
Flash, and JavaScript. </p>
</definition>
</dd>
<dt id="dfn-user-agent">user agent</dt>
<dd>
<definition xmlns="">
<p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">any software that retrieves and presents Web content for users</p>
<p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="example">Web browsers, media players, plug-ins, and other programs — including <a href="#dfn-assistive-technology">assistive technologies</a> — that help in retrieving, rendering, and interacting with Web content. </p>
</definition>
</dd>
</details>
</section>
<nav class="pager" aria-label="Previous/Next Page">
<ul id="navigation">
<li class="pager--item context"><a href="readable"><span class="pager--item-text"><span class="pager--item-text-direction"><abbr title="Guideline">Part of Guideline</abbr>:</span><span class="pager--item-text-target">Readable</span></span></a></li>
<li class="pager--item previous"><a href="unusual-words">
<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="icon-arrow-left pager--item-icon" viewBox="0 0 25 28">
<path d="M24 14v2c0 1.062-0.703 2-1.828 2h-11l4.578 4.594c0.375 0.359 0.594 0.875 0.594 1.406s-0.219 1.047-0.594 1.406l-1.172 1.188c-0.359 0.359-0.875 0.578-1.406 0.578s-1.047-0.219-1.422-0.578l-10.172-10.187c-0.359-0.359-0.578-0.875-0.578-1.406s0.219-1.047 0.578-1.422l10.172-10.156c0.375-0.375 0.891-0.594 1.422-0.594s1.031 0.219 1.406 0.594l1.172 1.156c0.375 0.375 0.594 0.891 0.594 1.422s-0.219 1.047-0.594 1.422l-4.578 4.578h11c1.125 0 1.828 0.938 1.828 2z"></path>
</svg>
<span class="pager--item-text"><span class="pager--item-text-direction">Previous <abbr title="Success Criterion">SC</abbr>:</span><span class="pager--item-text-target">Unusual Words</span></span></a></li>
<li class="pager--item next"><a href="reading-level">
<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="icon-arrow-right pager--item-icon" viewBox="0 0 23 28">
<path d="M23 15c0 0.531-0.203 1.047-0.578 1.422l-10.172 10.172c-0.375 0.359-0.891 0.578-1.422 0.578s-1.031-0.219-1.406-0.578l-1.172-1.172c-0.375-0.375-0.594-0.891-0.594-1.422s0.219-1.047 0.594-1.422l4.578-4.578h-11c-1.125 0-1.828-0.938-1.828-2v-2c0-1.062 0.703-2 1.828-2h11l-4.578-4.594c-0.375-0.359-0.594-0.875-0.594-1.406s0.219-1.047 0.594-1.406l1.172-1.172c0.375-0.375 0.875-0.594 1.406-0.594s1.047 0.219 1.422 0.594l10.172 10.172c0.375 0.359 0.578 0.875 0.578 1.406z"></path>
</svg>
<span class="pager--item-text"><span class="pager--item-text-direction">Next <abbr title="Success Criterion">SC</abbr>:</span><span class="pager--item-text-target">Reading Level</span></span></a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<a class="button button-backtotop" href="#top"><span>
<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="icon-arrow-up " viewBox="0 0 26 28">
<path d="M25.172 15.172c0 0.531-0.219 1.031-0.578 1.406l-1.172 1.172c-0.375 0.375-0.891 0.594-1.422 0.594s-1.047-0.219-1.406-0.594l-4.594-4.578v11c0 1.125-0.938 1.828-2 1.828h-2c-1.062 0-2-0.703-2-1.828v-11l-4.594 4.578c-0.359 0.375-0.875 0.594-1.406 0.594s-1.047-0.219-1.406-0.594l-1.172-1.172c-0.375-0.375-0.594-0.875-0.594-1.406s0.219-1.047 0.594-1.422l10.172-10.172c0.359-0.375 0.875-0.578 1.406-0.578s1.047 0.203 1.422 0.578l10.172 10.172c0.359 0.375 0.578 0.891 0.578 1.422z"></path>
</svg>
Back to Top </span></a></main>
<!- @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ here @@@@@@@@@@@@@@ ->
<aside class="box box-icon box-space-above" id="helpimprove" style="grid-column: 2 / 8; grid-row: 3">
<header class="box-h box-h-icon box-h-space-above box-h-icon">
<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="icon-comments" viewBox="0 0 28 28">
<path d="M22 12c0 4.422-4.922 8-11 8-0.953 0-1.875-0.094-2.75-0.25-1.297 0.922-2.766 1.594-4.344 2-0.422 0.109-0.875 0.187-1.344 0.25h-0.047c-0.234 0-0.453-0.187-0.5-0.453v0c-0.063-0.297 0.141-0.484 0.313-0.688 0.609-0.688 1.297-1.297 1.828-2.594-2.531-1.469-4.156-3.734-4.156-6.266 0-4.422 4.922-8 11-8s11 3.578 11 8zM28 16c0 2.547-1.625 4.797-4.156 6.266 0.531 1.297 1.219 1.906 1.828 2.594 0.172 0.203 0.375 0.391 0.313 0.688v0c-0.063 0.281-0.297 0.484-0.547 0.453-0.469-0.063-0.922-0.141-1.344-0.25-1.578-0.406-3.047-1.078-4.344-2-0.875 0.156-1.797 0.25-2.75 0.25-2.828 0-5.422-0.781-7.375-2.063 0.453 0.031 0.922 0.063 1.375 0.063 3.359 0 6.531-0.969 8.953-2.719 2.609-1.906 4.047-4.484 4.047-7.281 0-0.812-0.125-1.609-0.359-2.375 2.641 1.453 4.359 3.766 4.359 6.375z"></path>
</svg>
<h2> Help improve this page </h2>
</header>
<div class="box-i">
<p>Please share your ideas, suggestions, or comments via e-mail to the publicly-archived
list <a href="mailto:[email protected]@w3.org?subject=Techniques">[email protected]</a> or via GitHub </p>
<div class="button-group"><a href="mailto:[email protected]@w3.org?subject=WCAG%20documents&body=[put%20comment%20here...]" class="button"><span>E-mail</span></a><a href="https://github.com/w3c/wcag/issues/" class="button"><span>Fork & Edit on GitHub</span></a><a href="https://github.com/w3c/wcag/issues/new" class="button"><span>New GitHub Issue</span></a></div>
</div>
</aside>
</div>
<footer id="wai-site-footer" class="page-footer default-grid" aria-label="Page">
<div class="inner" style="grid-column: 2 / 8">
<p><strong>Date:</strong> Updated 10 November 2021. First published @@@ </p>
<p><strong>Developed by</strong> <a href="https://www.w3.org/groups/wg/ag/participants">Accessibility Guidelines Working Group (AG WG) Participants</a> (Co-Chairs: Alastair Campbell, Charles Adams, Rachael Bradley Montgomery. W3C Staff
Contact: Michael Cooper). </p>
<p>The content was developed as part of the <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/about/projects/#us">WAI-Core projects</a> funded by U.S. Federal funds. The user interface was developed by Hidde de Vries
with contributions from Shadi Abou-Zahra and Shawn Lawton Henry, as part of the <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/about/projects/wai-guide/">WAI-Guide</a> project, co-funded by the European Commission.. </p>
</div>
</footer>
<footer class="site-footer grid-4q" aria-label="Site">
<div class="q1-start q3-end about">
<div>
<p><a class="largelink" href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/" dir="auto" translate="no" lang="en">W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)</a></p>
<p>Strategies, standards, and supporting resources to make the Web accessible to people
with disabilities. </p>
</div>
<div class="social" dir="auto" translate="no" lang="en">
<ul>
<li><a href="https://twitter.com/w3c_wai">
<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="icon-twitter " viewBox="0 0 32 32">
<path d="M31.939 6.092c-1.18 0.519-2.44 0.872-3.767 1.033 1.352-0.815 2.392-2.099 2.884-3.631-1.268 0.74-2.673 1.279-4.169 1.579-1.195-1.279-2.897-2.079-4.788-2.079-3.623 0-6.56 2.937-6.56 6.556 0 0.52 0.060 1.020 0.169 1.499-5.453-0.257-10.287-2.876-13.521-6.835-0.569 0.963-0.888 2.081-0.888 3.3 0 2.28 1.16 4.284 2.917 5.461-1.076-0.035-2.088-0.331-2.971-0.821v0.081c0 3.18 2.257 5.832 5.261 6.436-0.551 0.148-1.132 0.228-1.728 0.228-0.419 0-0.82-0.040-1.221-0.115 0.841 2.604 3.26 4.503 6.139 4.556-2.24 1.759-5.079 2.807-8.136 2.807-0.52 0-1.039-0.031-1.56-0.089 2.919 1.859 6.357 2.945 10.076 2.945 12.072 0 18.665-9.995 18.665-18.648 0-0.279 0-0.56-0.020-0.84 1.281-0.919 2.4-2.080 3.28-3.397l-0.063-0.027z"></path>
</svg>
Twitter</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/feed.xml">
<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="icon-rss " viewBox="0 0 32 32">
<path d="M25.599 32c0-14.044-11.555-25.6-25.599-25.6v-6.4c17.553 0 32 14.447 32 32h-6.401zM4.388 23.22c2.419 0 4.391 1.972 4.391 4.393 0 2.417-1.98 4.387-4.401 4.387-2.417 0-4.377-1.965-4.377-4.387s1.967-4.392 4.388-4.393zM21.212 32h-6.22c0-8.225-6.767-14.993-14.992-14.993v-6.22c11.636 0 21.212 9.579 21.212 21.213z"></path>
</svg>
Feed</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCU6ljj3m1fglIPjSjs2DpRA/playlistsv">
<svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="icon-youtube " viewBox="0 0 32 32">
<path d="M31.327 8.273c-0.386-1.353-1.431-2.398-2.756-2.777l-0.028-0.007c-2.493-0.668-12.528-0.668-12.528-0.668s-10.009-0.013-12.528 0.668c-1.353 0.386-2.398 1.431-2.777 2.756l-0.007 0.028c-0.443 2.281-0.696 4.903-0.696 7.585 0 0.054 0 0.109 0 0.163l-0-0.008c-0 0.037-0 0.082-0 0.126 0 2.682 0.253 5.304 0.737 7.845l-0.041-0.26c0.386 1.353 1.431 2.398 2.756 2.777l0.028 0.007c2.491 0.669 12.528 0.669 12.528 0.669s10.008 0 12.528-0.669c1.353-0.386 2.398-1.431 2.777-2.756l0.007-0.028c0.425-2.233 0.668-4.803 0.668-7.429 0-0.099-0-0.198-0.001-0.297l0 0.015c0.001-0.092 0.001-0.201 0.001-0.31 0-2.626-0.243-5.196-0.708-7.687l0.040 0.258zM12.812 20.801v-9.591l8.352 4.803z"></path>
</svg>
YouTube</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/news/subscribe/" class="button">Get News in Email</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div dir="auto" translate="no" lang="en">
<p>Copyright © 2021 W3C <sup>®</sup> (<a href="https://www.csail.mit.edu/"><abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr></a>, <a href="https://www.ercim.eu/"><abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr></a>, <a href="https://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>, <a href="https://ev.buaa.edu.cn">Beihang</a>) <a href="/about/using-wai-material/">Permission to Use WAI Material</a>. </p>
</div>
</div>
<div dir="auto" translate="no" class="q4-start q4-end" lang="en">
<ul style="margin-bottom:0">
<li><a href="/about/contacting/">Contact WAI</a></li>
<li><a href="/sitemap/">Site Map</a></li>
<li><a href="/news/">News</a></li>
<li><a href="/sitemap/#archive">Archive</a></li>
<li><a href="/about/accessibility-statement/">Accessibility Statement</a></li>
<li><a href="/translations/"> Translations</a></li>
<li><a href="/roles/">Resources for Roles</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</footer>
<script>
var translationStrings = {}; /* fix WAI JS */
</script><script src="https://www.w3.org/WAI/assets/scripts/main.js"></script>
</body>
</html>