🧰 IPv6 Utils

IPv6 utils is a useful toolkit for people doing IPv6 networking.

Formatting & identification

A hexadecimal number can have 16 different values (from 0 to 9 and from A to F), which corresponds to exactly 4 bits. As each group is composed of four hexadecimal numbers, each group has 16 bits:

 16   32   48   64   80   96  112  128
 |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
2a0e:a4eb:b50:000c:57f3:03f9:41f4:5533

IPv6 addresses can be used in different formats:

Uncompressed: 2a0e:a4eb:b50:000c:57f3:03f9:41f4:5533

Compressed: 2a0e:a4eb:b50:c:57f3:3f9:41f4:5533

Examples of network ranges (All areas in bold are free and usable):

• 2001:db8:1ee::/48 (65,536 networks /64):

  • First address: 2001:db8:1ee:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000
  • Last address: 2001:db8:1ee:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff

• 2001:db8:1ee::/44 (1,048,576 networks /64):

  • First address: 2001:db8:1e0:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000
  • Last address: 2001:db8:1ef:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff

Free tunnel brokers

• https://tunnelbroker.net/ (multiple locations)
• https://tb.netassist.ua/ (BGP enabled, Ukraine)
• https://tunnelbroker.ch/ (BGP enabled, Switzerland/Germany/Netherlands)
• https://route48.org/ (BGP enabled, multiple locations)

Prefix providers

• https://securebit.ch/
• https://dyjix.eu/
• https://lir.services/
• https://ifog.ch/
• https://bakker-it.eu/
• https://flokinet.is/
• https://myroot.pw/
• https://ip6.im
• https://hostus.us/
• https://freerangecloud.com/
• https://snapserv.net/
• https://servperso.net/
• https://route48.org/
• and many others ..

Debug tools

• https://mtr.tools/
• https://bgp.tools
• https://ping.pe/

Looking glasses

Tier 1

• https://lg.as6453.net/bin/lg.cgi
• https://www.cogentco.com/en/looking-glass
• https://lookingglass.centurylink.com
• http://www.as3257.net/lg
• https://lg.as6453.net/bin/lg.cgi
• https://www.sprint.net/tools/looking-glass
• http://lg.zayo.com/lg.cgi
• https://lg.opentransit.net
• http://lg.telia.net
• https://gambadilegno.noc.seabone.net/lg
• https://www.gin.ntt.net/looking-glass
• https://lookingglass.telekom.com
• https://lg.twelve99.net/

Others

• https://lg.ovh.net
• https://www.pch.net/tools/looking_glass
• https://lg.as213045.net
• https://www.as58057.net
• https://lg.retn.net
• https://lg.hivane.net
• https://www.as13030.net/looking-glass.php
• http://lg.core-backbone.com
• http://lg.as8218.eu
• https://lg.grenode.net
• https://lg.shadow.tech
• https://lg.ch.as1836.net/lg
• http://lg.hopus.net
• https://lg.globenet.net/lg/lg.cgi
• https://lg.eastlink.ca
• https://webadmin.oxymium.net/mrlg
• https://lg.de-cix.net
• https://as41103.net/cgi-bin/bgplg
• http://www.atlantis.bg/?id=18
• https://lg.tetaneutral.net
• http://lg.as60362.net
• https://portal.spilsby.net.uk/lg
• https://lg.a2b-internet.com
• https://lg.anexia-it.com/lg
• http://lg.avelacom.ru
• https://ping.sx/

List of subnets with CIDR

CIDR	Number of networks/addresses
/1	9,223,372,036,854,775,808 networks /64
/2	4,611,686,018,427,387,904 networks /64
/3	2,305,843,009,213,693,952 networks /64
/4	1,152,921,504,606,846,976 networks /64
/5	576,460,752,303,423,488 networks /64
/6	288,230,376,151,711,744 networks /64
/7	144,115,188,075,855,872 networks /64
/8	72,057,594,037,927,936 networks /64
/9	36,028,797,018,963,968 networks /64
/10	18,014,398,509,481,984 networks /64
/11	9,007,199,254,740,992 networks /64
/12	4,503,599,627,370,496 networks /64
/13	2,251,799,813,685,248 networks /64
/14	1,125,899,906,842,624 networks /64
/15	562,949,953,421,312 networks /64
/16	281,474,976,710,656 networks /64
/17	140,737,488,355,328 networks /64
/18	70,368,744,177,664 networks /64
/19	35,184,372,088,832 networks /64
/20	17,592,186,044,416 networks /64
/21	8,796,093,022,208 networks /64
/22	4,398,046,511,104 networks /64
/23	2,199,023,255,552 networks /64
/24	1,099,511,627,776 networks /64
/25	549,755,813,888 networks /64
/26	274,877,906,944 networks /64
/27	137,438,953,472 networks /64
/28	68,719,476,736 networks /64
/29	34,359,738,368 networks /64
/30	17,179,869,184 networks /64
/31	8,589,934,592 networks /64
/32	4,294,967,296 networks /64
/33	2,147,483,648 networks /64
/34	1,073,741,824 networks /64
/35	536,870,912 networks /64
/36	268,435,456 networks /64
/37	134,217,728 networks /64
/38	67,108,864 networks /64
/39	33,554,432 networks /64
/40	16,777,216 networks /64
/41	8,388,608 networks /64
/42	4,194,304 networks /64
/43	2,097,152 networks /64
/44	1,048,576 networks /64
/45	524,288 networks /64
/46	262,144 networks /64
/47	131,072 networks /64
/48	65,536 networks /64
/49	32,768 networks /64
/50	16,384 networks /64
/51	8,192 networks /64
/52	4,096 networks /64
/53	2,048 networks /64
/54	1,024 networks /64
/55	512 networks /64
/56	256 networks /64
/57	128 networks /64
/58	64 networks /64
/59	32 networks /64
/60	16 networks /64
/61	8 networks /64
/62	4 networks /64
/63	2 networks /64
/64	18,446,744,073,709,551,616 addresses
/65	9,223,372,036,854,775,808 addresses
/66	4,611,686,018,427,387,904 addresses
/67	2,305,843,009,213,693,952 addresses
/68	1,152,921,504,606,846,976 addresses
/69	576,460,752,303,423,488 addresses
/70	288,230,376,151,711,744 addresses
/71	144,115,188,075,855,872 addresses
/72	72,057,594,037,927,936 addresses
/73	36,028,797,018,963,968 addresses
/74	18,014,398,509,481,984 addresses
/75	9,007,199,254,740,992 addresses
/76	4,503,599,627,370,496 addresses
/77	2,251,799,813,685,248 addresses
/78	1,125,899,906,842,624 addresses
/79	562,949,953,421,312 addresses
/80	281,474,976,710,656 addresses
/81	140,737,488,355,328 addresses
/82	70,368,744,177,664 addresses
/83	35,184,372,088,832 addresses
/84	17,592,186,044,416 addresses
/85	8,796,093,022,208 addresses
/86	4,398,046,511,104 addresses
/87	2,199,023,255,552 addresses
/88	1,099,511,627,776 addresses
/89	549,755,813,888 addresses
/90	274,877,906,944 addresses
/91	137,438,953,472 addresses
/92	68,719,476,736 addresses
/93	34,359,738,368 addresses
/94	17,179,869,184 addresses
/95	8,589,934,592 addresses
/96	4,294,967,296 addresses
/97	2,147,483,648 addresses
/98	1,073,741,824 addresses
/99	536,870,912 addresses
/100	268,435,456 addresses
/101	134,217,728 addresses
/102	67,108,864 addresses
/103	33,554,432 addresses
/104	16,777,216 addresses
/105	8,388,608 addresses
/106	4,194,304 addresses
/107	2,097,152 addresses
/108	1,048,576 addresses
/109	524,288 addresses
/110	262,144 addresses
/111	131,072 addresses
/112	65,536 addresses
/113	32,768 addresses
/114	16,384 addresses
/115	8,192 addresses
/116	4,096 addresses
/117	2,048 addresses
/118	1,024 addresses
/119	512 addresses
/120	256 addresses
/121	128 addresses
/122	64 addresses
/123	32 addresses
/124	16 addresses
/125	8 addresses
/126	4 addresses
/127	2 addresses
/128	1 address

Type of addresses

Prefix	Description	IPv4 equivalent
::1/128	Loopback	127.0.0.1
fe80::/10	Link-Local	169.254.0.0/16
2000::/3	Global Unicast
fc00::/7	Unique Local	10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16
ff00::/8	Multicast	224.0.0.0/4
2001:db8::/32	Documentation	192.0.2.0/24, 198.51.100.0/24, 203.0.113.0/24
::/128	Unspecified	0.0.0.0
::/8	Reserved

Sources

• https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6
• http://www.gestioip.net/cgi-bin/subnet_calculator.cgi
• https://www.cidr.eu/en/ipv6