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104 changes: 104 additions & 0 deletions ADictML_Glossary_English.tex
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
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text={loss function}
}

\newglossaryentry{survivalanalysis}{
name={survival analysis},
description={A \index{survival analysis} survival analysis is a branch of statistics and machine learning that deals with time-to-event data, where the goal is to estimate the time until an event of interest (e.g., failure, death, or relapse) occurs \cite{Wang2019_2025}. It accounts for censored observations and focuses on estimating survival functions, hazard rates, and risk scores \cite{Kleinbaum1998} . \\
See also: \gls{hazardfunction}, \gls{coxph}, \gls{randomsurvivalforest}.%
},
first={survival analysis},
text={survival analysis}
%App=Health
}

\newglossaryentry{hazardfunction}
{name={hazard function},
description={A\index{hazard function} hazard function, also known as the hazard rate or failure rate,
represents the instantaneous risk of an event occurring at a specific time, given that the subject has survived up to that time.
It is a key quantity in \gls{survivalanalysis} and forms the basis for models such as the \gls{coxph}.
\\
See also: \gls{survivalanalysis}, \gls{coxph}.},
first={hazard function},
text={hazard function}
}

\newglossaryentry{coxph}
{name={Cox Proportional Hazards},
description={A\index{Cox Proportional Hazards} Cox Proportional Hazards (CoxPH) model is a semi-parametric model used in \gls{survivalanalysis} to relate multiple covariates to the hazard rate of an event.
It assumes that the \gls{lossfunc} for an individual is the product of a \gls{baseline} hazard and an exponential function of covariates.
The model estimates relative \gls{risk} without requiring the \gls{baseline} hazard to be specified explicitly.
\\
See also: \gls{survivalanalysis}, \gls{hazardfunction}.},
first={Cox Proportional Hazards (CoxPH)},
text={CoxPH}
}

\newglossaryentry{coxnet}
{name={Cox Neural Network},
description={A\index{Cox Neural Network} Cox Neural Network (CoxNet) is a deep learning extension of the \gls{coxph} \gls{model} that uses neural networks to learn complex, non-linear relationships between covariates and survival outcomes.
It optimizes the Cox partial likelihood function while allowing for flexible \gls{feature} representations, making it suitable for high- \gls{dimension} or unstructured \gls{data} such as images or text.
\\
See also: \gls{coxph}, \gls{survivalanalysis}.},
first={Cox Neural Network (CoxNet)},
text={CoxNet}
}

\newglossaryentry{neuralnetwork}
{name={neural network},
description={A\index{neural network} neural network is a computational \gls{model} composed of interconnected \gls{layer} of artificial neurons
that can approximate complex, non-linear mappings between inputs and \gls{output}.
Neural networks are widely used in deep learning for tasks such as \gls{classification}, \gls{regression}, and representation learning.
\\
See also: \gls{coxnet}.},
first={neural network},
text={neural network}
}

\newglossaryentry{deeplearning}
{name={deep learning},
description={A\index{deep learning} deep learning is a subfield of machinelearning that employs multi-layered \glspl{neuralnetwork}
to learn hierarchical representations of \gls{data}.
It enables automatic \gls{feature} extraction and is widely applied in domains such as computer vision, natural language processing, and survival prediction.
\\
See also: \gls{neuralnetwork}.},
first={deep learning},
text={deep learning}
}

\newglossaryentry{coefficient}
{name={coefficient},
description={A\index{coefficient} coefficient is a numerical parameter that determines the strength and direction of the relationship
between an input \gls{feature} and the \gls{output} of a statistical or \gls{ml} \gls{model}.
In linear\glspl{model}, coefficients weight each feature in forming a \gls{prediction}, for example
\( \hat{y} = \beta_0 + \sum_{j=1}^{p} \beta_j x_j \), where each \(\beta_j\) is a coefficient.
Coefficients are typically learned from \gls{data} through optimization methods such as gradient descent.
They play a central role in \gls{interpretability}, as their magnitude and sign indicate how a feature influences model predictions \cite{Hastie2009}\cite{Molnar2022}.
\\
See also: \gls{feature}, \gls{model}, \gls{regression}.},
first={coefficient},
text={coefficient}
}

\newglossaryentry{baselinehazard}
{name={baseline hazard},
description={A\index{baseline hazard} \gls{baseline} hazard, denoted \(h_{0}(t)\), represents the underlying
\gls{hazardfunction} for an individual with \gls{baseline} or reference \glspl{feature} (typically coded as zeros)
in the \gls{coxph} \gls{model}. It captures how the event risk changes over time independently of covariate effects.
Although the \gls{coxph} \gls{model} does not specify a parametric form for \(h_{0}(t)\), it can be estimated
non-parametrically from the \gls{data} using methods such as the Breslow estimator \cite{Kleinbaum2012}.
\\
See also: \gls{hazardfunction}, \gls{coxph}, \gls{survivalanalysis}.},
first={baseline hazard},
text={baseline hazard}
}

\newglossaryentry{decisiontree}
{name={decision tree}, plural={decision trees},
description={A\index{decision tree}
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text={random forest}
}

\newglossaryentry{randomsurvivalforest}
{name={random survival forest},
description={A\index{random survival forest} random survival forest (RSF) \cite{Ishwaran2008} is an ensemble of \glspl{decisiontree} designed for time-to-event (survival) data.
Each tree is grown on a bootstrap sample of the original \gls{dataset} with random \gls{feature} selection at splits, using survival-specific split criteria (e.g., log-rank).
The forest aggregates per-tree survival estimates to produce an overall survival function and risk scores, and naturally handles right-censoring.
RSF extends the principles of \gls{randomforest} to survival settings and has been shown to perform well in high-dimensional biomedical and real-world datasets
\cite{Wang2019,Salerno2023}.
\\
See also: \gls{decisiontree}, \gls{dataset}, \gls{randomforest}.},
first={random survival forest (RSF)},
text={random survival forest}
}

\newglossaryentry{gd}
{name={gradient descent (GD)},
description={GD\index{gradient descent (GD)} is an iterative method for
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