feat!: Use borrow_array instead of value_array for array lowering

guppylang-internals/src/guppylang_internals/compiler/core.py

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 from hugr.hugr.node_port import ToNode
 from hugr.std import PRELUDE
 from hugr.std.collections.array import EXTENSION as ARRAY_EXTENSION
+from hugr.std.collections.borrow_array import EXTENSION as BORROW_ARRAY_EXTENSION
 from typing_extensions import assert_never
 
 from guppylang_internals.checker.core import (
@@ -247,7 +248,7 @@ def compile(self, defn: CheckedDef) -> CompiledDef:
 
         # Insert explicit drops for affine types
         # TODO: This is a quick workaround until we can properly insert these drops
-        #   during linearity checking. See https://github.com/CQCL/guppylang/issues/1082
+        # during linearity checking. See https://github.com/CQCL/guppylang/issues/1082
         insert_drops(self.module.hugr)
 
         return entry_compiled
@@ -651,6 +652,7 @@ def qualified_name(type_def: he.TypeDef) -> str:
 #: insertion of an explicit drop operation.
 AFFINE_EXTENSION_TYS: list[str] = [
     qualified_name(ARRAY_EXTENSION.get_type("array")),
+    qualified_name(BORROW_ARRAY_EXTENSION.get_type("borrow_array")),
 ]
 
 
@@ -698,7 +700,7 @@ def insert_drops(hugr: Hugr[OpVarCov]) -> None:
         # Iterating over `node.outputs()` doesn't work reliably since it sometimes
         # raises an `IncompleteOp` exception. Instead, we query the number of out ports
         # and look them up by index. However, this method is *also* broken when
-        # isnpecting `FuncDefn` nodes due to https://github.com/CQCL/hugr/issues/2438.
+        # inspecting `FuncDefn` nodes due to https://github.com/CQCL/hugr/issues/2438.
         if isinstance(data.op, ops.FuncDefn):
             continue
         for i in range(hugr.num_out_ports(node)):

guppylang-internals/src/guppylang_internals/compiler/expr_compiler.py

@@ -63,14 +63,17 @@
 from guppylang_internals.std._internal.compiler.arithmetic import (
     UnsignedIntVal,
     convert_ifromusize,
+    convert_itousize,
 )
 from guppylang_internals.std._internal.compiler.array import (
-    array_convert_from_std_array,
-    array_convert_to_std_array,
+    array_clone,
     array_map,
     array_new,
-    array_repeat,
+    array_to_std_array,
+    barray_new_all_borrowed,
+    barray_return,
     standard_array_type,
+    std_array_to_array,
     unpack_array,
 )
 from guppylang_internals.std._internal.compiler.list import (
@@ -79,7 +82,6 @@
 from guppylang_internals.std._internal.compiler.prelude import (
     build_error,
     build_panic,
-    build_unwrap,
     panic,
 )
 from guppylang_internals.std._internal.compiler.tket_bool import (
@@ -91,6 +93,7 @@
 )
 from guppylang_internals.tys.arg import ConstArg
 from guppylang_internals.tys.builtin import (
+    array_type,
     bool_type,
     get_element_type,
     int_type,
@@ -556,25 +559,32 @@ def visit_ResultExpr(self, node: ResultExpr) -> Wire:
             op_name = f"result_array_{base_name}"
             size_arg = node.array_len.to_arg().to_hugr(self.ctx)
             extra_args = [size_arg, *extra_args]
-            # Remove the option wrapping in the array
-            unwrap = array_unwrap_elem(self.ctx)
-            unwrap = self.builder.load_function(
-                unwrap,
-                instantiation=ht.FunctionType([ht.Option(base_ty)], [base_ty]),
-                type_args=[ht.TypeTypeArg(base_ty)],
+            # As `borrow_array`s used by Guppy are linear, we need to clone it (knowing
+            # that all elements in it are copyable) to avoid linearity violations when
+            # both passing it to the result operation and returning it (as an inout
+            # argument).
+            value_wire, inout_wire = self.builder.add_op(
+                array_clone(base_ty, size_arg), value_wire
             )
-            map_op = array_map(ht.Option(base_ty), size_arg, base_ty)
-            value_wire = self.builder.add_op(map_op, value_wire, unwrap)
+            func_ty = FunctionType(
+                [
+                    FuncInput(
+                        array_type(node.base_ty, node.array_len), InputFlags.Inout
+                    ),
+                ],
+                NoneType(),
+            )
+            self._update_inout_ports(node.args, iter([inout_wire]), func_ty)
             if is_bool_type(node.base_ty):
                 # We need to coerce a read on all the array elements if they are bools.
                 array_read = array_read_bool(self.ctx)
                 array_read = self.builder.load_function(array_read)
                 map_op = array_map(OpaqueBool, size_arg, ht.Bool)
                 value_wire = self.builder.add_op(map_op, value_wire, array_read)
                 base_ty = ht.Bool
-            # Turn `value_array` into regular linear `array`
+            # Turn `borrow_array` into regular `array`
             value_wire = self.builder.add_op(
-                array_convert_to_std_array(base_ty, size_arg), value_wire
+                array_to_std_array(base_ty, size_arg), value_wire
             )
             hugr_ty: ht.Type = hugr.std.collections.array.Array(base_ty, size_arg)
         else:
@@ -636,20 +646,20 @@ def visit_StateResultExpr(self, node: StateResultExpr) -> Wire:
             qubit_arr_in = self.builder.add_op(
                 array_new(ht.Qubit, len(node.args) - 1), *qubits_in
             )
-            # Turn into standard array from value array.
+            # Turn into standard array from borrow array.
             qubit_arr_in = self.builder.add_op(
-                array_convert_to_std_array(ht.Qubit, num_qubits_arg), qubit_arr_in
+                array_to_std_array(ht.Qubit, num_qubits_arg), qubit_arr_in
             )
 
             qubit_arr_out = self.builder.add_op(op, qubit_arr_in)
 
             qubit_arr_out = self.builder.add_op(
-                array_convert_from_std_array(ht.Qubit, num_qubits_arg), qubit_arr_out
+                std_array_to_array(ht.Qubit, num_qubits_arg), qubit_arr_out
             )
             qubits_out = unpack_array(self.builder, qubit_arr_out)
         else:
-            # If the input is an array of qubits, we need to unwrap the elements first,
-            # and then convert to a value array and back.
+            # If the input is an array of qubits, we need to convert to a standard
+            # array.
             qubits_in = [self.visit(node.args[1])]
             qubits_out = [
                 apply_array_op_with_conversions(
@@ -681,26 +691,23 @@ def visit_DesugaredArrayComp(self, node: DesugaredArrayComp) -> Wire:
         assert isinstance(array_ty, OpaqueType)
         array_var = Variable(next(tmp_vars), array_ty, node)
         count_var = Variable(next(tmp_vars), int_type(), node)
-        # See https://github.com/CQCL/guppylang/issues/629
-        hugr_elt_ty = ht.Option(node.elt_ty.to_hugr(self.ctx))
-        # Initialise array with `None`s
-        make_none = array_comprehension_init_func(self.ctx)
-        make_none = self.builder.load_function(
-            make_none,
-            instantiation=ht.FunctionType([], [hugr_elt_ty]),
-            type_args=[ht.TypeTypeArg(node.elt_ty.to_hugr(self.ctx))],
-        )
+        hugr_elt_ty = node.elt_ty.to_hugr(self.ctx)
+        # Initialise empty array.
         self.dfg[array_var] = self.builder.add_op(
-            array_repeat(hugr_elt_ty, node.length.to_arg().to_hugr(self.ctx)), make_none
+            barray_new_all_borrowed(hugr_elt_ty, node.length.to_arg().to_hugr(self.ctx))
         )
         self.dfg[count_var] = self.builder.load(
             hugr.std.int.IntVal(0, width=NumericType.INT_WIDTH)
         )
         with self._build_generators([node.generator], [array_var, count_var]):
             elt = self.visit(node.elt)
             array, count = self.dfg[array_var], self.dfg[count_var]
-            [], [self.dfg[array_var]] = self._build_method_call(
-                array_ty, "__setitem__", node, [array, count, elt], array_ty.args
+            idx = self.builder.add_op(convert_itousize(), count)
+            self.dfg[array_var] = self.builder.add_op(
+                barray_return(hugr_elt_ty, node.length.to_arg().to_hugr(self.ctx)),
+                array,
+                idx,
+                elt,
             )
             # Update `count += 1`
             one = self.builder.load(hugr.std.int.IntVal(1, width=NumericType.INT_WIDTH))
@@ -836,10 +843,6 @@ def python_value_to_hugr(v: Any, exp_ty: Type, ctx: CompilerContext) -> hv.Value
     return None
 
 
-ARRAY_COMPREHENSION_INIT: Final[GlobalConstId] = GlobalConstId.fresh(
-    "array.__comprehension.init"
-)
-
 ARRAY_UNWRAP_ELEM: Final[GlobalConstId] = GlobalConstId.fresh("array.__unwrap_elem")
 ARRAY_WRAP_ELEM: Final[GlobalConstId] = GlobalConstId.fresh("array.__wrap_elem")
 
@@ -849,54 +852,6 @@ def python_value_to_hugr(v: Any, exp_ty: Type, ctx: CompilerContext) -> hv.Value
 )
 
 
-def array_comprehension_init_func(ctx: CompilerContext) -> hf.Function:
-    """Returns the Hugr function that is used to initialise arrays elements before a
-    comprehension.
-
-    Just returns the `None` variant of the optional element type.
-
-    See https://github.com/CQCL/guppylang/issues/629
-    """
-    v = ht.Variable(0, ht.TypeBound(ht.TypeBound.Linear))
-    sig = ht.PolyFuncType(
-        params=[ht.TypeTypeParam(ht.TypeBound.Linear)],
-        body=ht.FunctionType([], [ht.Option(v)]),
-    )
-    func, already_defined = ctx.declare_global_func(ARRAY_COMPREHENSION_INIT, sig)
-    if not already_defined:
-        func.set_outputs(func.add_op(ops.Tag(0, ht.Option(v))))
-    return func
-
-
-def array_unwrap_elem(ctx: CompilerContext) -> hf.Function:
-    """Returns the Hugr function that is used to unwrap the elements in an option array
-    to turn it into a regular array."""
-    v = ht.Variable(0, ht.TypeBound(ht.TypeBound.Linear))
-    sig = ht.PolyFuncType(
-        params=[ht.TypeTypeParam(ht.TypeBound.Linear)],
-        body=ht.FunctionType([ht.Option(v)], [v]),
-    )
-    func, already_defined = ctx.declare_global_func(ARRAY_UNWRAP_ELEM, sig)
-    if not already_defined:
-        msg = "Linear array element has already been used"
-        func.set_outputs(build_unwrap(func, func.inputs()[0], msg))
-    return func
-
-
-def array_wrap_elem(ctx: CompilerContext) -> hf.Function:
-    """Returns the Hugr function that is used to wrap the elements in an regular array
-    to turn it into a option array."""
-    v = ht.Variable(0, ht.TypeBound(ht.TypeBound.Linear))
-    sig = ht.PolyFuncType(
-        params=[ht.TypeTypeParam(ht.TypeBound.Linear)],
-        body=ht.FunctionType([v], [ht.Option(v)]),
-    )
-    func, already_defined = ctx.declare_global_func(ARRAY_WRAP_ELEM, sig)
-    if not already_defined:
-        func.set_outputs(func.add_op(ops.Tag(1, ht.Option(v)), func.inputs()[0]))
-    return func
-
-
 def array_read_bool(ctx: CompilerContext) -> hf.Function:
     """Returns the Hugr function that is used to unwrap the elements in an option array
     to turn it into a regular array."""
@@ -945,35 +900,21 @@ def apply_array_op_with_conversions(
     output array.
 
     Transformations:
-    1. Unwraps / wraps elements in options.
-    3. (Optional) Converts from / to opaque bool to / from Hugr bool.
-    2. Converts from / to value array to / from standard Hugr array.
+    1. (Optional) Converts from / to opaque bool to / from Hugr bool.
+    2. Converts from / to borrow array to / from standard Hugr array.
     """
-    unwrap = array_unwrap_elem(ctx)
-    unwrap = builder.load_function(
-        unwrap,
-        instantiation=ht.FunctionType([ht.Option(elem_ty)], [elem_ty]),
-        type_args=[ht.TypeTypeArg(elem_ty)],
-    )
-    map_op = array_map(ht.Option(elem_ty), size_arg, elem_ty)
-    unwrapped_array = builder.add_op(map_op, input_array, unwrap)
-
     if convert_bool:
         array_read = array_read_bool(ctx)
         array_read = builder.load_function(array_read)
         map_op = array_map(OpaqueBool, size_arg, ht.Bool)
-        unwrapped_array = builder.add_op(map_op, unwrapped_array, array_read)
+        input_array = builder.add_op(map_op, input_array, array_read)
         elem_ty = ht.Bool
 
-    unwrapped_array = builder.add_op(
-        array_convert_to_std_array(elem_ty, size_arg), unwrapped_array
-    )
+    input_array = builder.add_op(array_to_std_array(elem_ty, size_arg), input_array)
 
-    result_array = builder.add_op(op, unwrapped_array)
+    result_array = builder.add_op(op, input_array)
 
-    result_array = builder.add_op(
-        array_convert_from_std_array(elem_ty, size_arg), result_array
-    )
+    result_array = builder.add_op(std_array_to_array(elem_ty, size_arg), result_array)
 
     if convert_bool:
         array_make_opaque = array_make_opaque_bool(ctx)
@@ -982,11 +923,4 @@ def apply_array_op_with_conversions(
         result_array = builder.add_op(map_op, result_array, array_make_opaque)
         elem_ty = OpaqueBool
 
-    wrap = array_wrap_elem(ctx)
-    wrap = builder.load_function(
-        wrap,
-        instantiation=ht.FunctionType([elem_ty], [ht.Option(elem_ty)]),
-        type_args=[ht.TypeTypeArg(elem_ty)],
-    )
-    map_op = array_map(elem_ty, size_arg, ht.Option(elem_ty))
-    return builder.add_op(map_op, result_array, wrap)
+    return result_array

guppylang-internals/src/guppylang_internals/compiler/stmt_compiler.py

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 import functools
 from collections.abc import Sequence
 
-import hugr.tys as ht
 from hugr import Wire, ops
 from hugr.build.dfg import DfBase
 
@@ -120,8 +119,9 @@ def _assign_tuple(self, lhs: TupleUnpack, port: Wire) -> None:
                 ports[len(left) : -len(right)] if right else ports[len(left) :]
             )
             elt = get_element_type(array_ty).to_hugr(self.ctx)
-            opts = [self.builder.add_op(ops.Some(elt), p) for p in starred_ports]
-            array = self.builder.add_op(array_new(ht.Option(elt), len(opts)), *opts)
+            array = self.builder.add_op(
+                array_new(elt, len(starred_ports)), *starred_ports
+            )
             self._assign(starred, array)
 
     @_assign.register
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ def _assign_array(self, lhs: ArrayUnpack, port: Wire) -> None:
         # Given an assignment pattern `left, *starred, right`, pop from the left and
         # right, leaving us with the starred array in the middle
         length = lhs.length
-        opt_elt_ty = ht.Option(lhs.elt_type.to_hugr(self.ctx))
+        elt_ty = lhs.elt_type.to_hugr(self.ctx)
 
         def pop(
             array: Wire, length: int, pats: list[ast.expr], from_left: bool
@@ -141,10 +141,9 @@ def pop(
             elts = []
             for i in range(num_pats):
                 res = self.builder.add_op(
-                    array_pop(opt_elt_ty, length - i, from_left), array
+                    array_pop(elt_ty, length - i, from_left), array
                 )
-                [elt_opt, array] = build_unwrap(self.builder, res, err)
-                [elt] = build_unwrap(self.builder, elt_opt, err)
+                [elt, array] = build_unwrap(self.builder, res, err)
                 elts.append(elt)
             # Assign elements to the given patterns
             for pat, elt in zip(
@@ -164,7 +163,7 @@ def pop(
             self._assign(lhs.pattern.starred, array)
         else:
             assert length == 0
-            self.builder.add_op(array_discard_empty(opt_elt_ty), array)
+            self.builder.add_op(array_discard_empty(elt_ty), array)
 
     @_assign.register
     def _assign_iterable(self, lhs: IterableUnpack, port: Wire) -> None: