Fix CameraView crash when switching camera on Windows and other CameraView enhancements

samples/CommunityToolkit.Maui.Sample/Pages/Views/CameraView/CameraViewPage.xaml

@@ -5,12 +5,11 @@
                 xmlns:toolkit="http://schemas.microsoft.com/dotnet/2022/maui/toolkit"
                 xmlns:viewModels="clr-namespace:CommunityToolkit.Maui.Sample.ViewModels.Views"
                 Title="CameraView"
-                Unloaded="OnUnloaded"
                 x:Class="CommunityToolkit.Maui.Sample.Pages.Views.CameraViewPage"
                 x:TypeArguments="viewModels:CameraViewViewModel"
                 x:DataType="viewModels:CameraViewViewModel">
 
-    <Grid RowDefinitions="200,*,Auto,Auto" ColumnDefinitions="3*,*">
+    <Grid RowDefinitions="Auto,*,Auto,Auto" ColumnDefinitions="3*,*">
         <toolkit:CameraView
             x:Name="Camera"
             Grid.Column="0" Grid.Row="0" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Grid.RowSpan="3"
@@ -36,13 +35,13 @@
             </VerticalStackLayout>
         </Grid>
 
-        <ContentView Grid.Column="1" Grid.Row="0" ZIndex="100" BackgroundColor="#80CCCCCC">
+        <Grid Grid.Column="1" Grid.Row="0" ZIndex="100" BackgroundColor="#80CCCCCC">
             <Image x:Name="image" VerticalOptions="Fill" HorizontalOptions="Fill">
                 <Image.GestureRecognizers>
                     <TapGestureRecognizer Tapped="OnImageTapped" />
                 </Image.GestureRecognizers>
             </Image>
-        </ContentView>
+        </Grid>
 
         <Grid ColumnDefinitions="Auto,*,Auto"  Grid.Column="0" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Grid.Row="2" ColumnSpacing="10" Margin="10"
               BackgroundColor="#00000000">
@@ -61,6 +60,12 @@
 
             <FlexLayout Margin="5" JustifyContent="SpaceBetween" Wrap="Wrap">
 
+                <Picker 
+                    Title="Cameras" 
+                    ItemsSource="{Binding Cameras}"
+                    ItemDisplayBinding="{Binding Name}" 
+                    SelectedItem="{Binding SelectedCamera}" />
+
                 <Picker 
                     Title="Flash"
                     IsVisible="{Binding Path=SelectedCamera.IsFlashSupported, FallbackValue=false}"

samples/CommunityToolkit.Maui.Sample/Pages/Views/CameraView/CameraViewPage.xaml.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-using System.Diagnostics;
 using CommunityToolkit.Maui.Core;
 using CommunityToolkit.Maui.Sample.ViewModels.Views;
 
@@ -7,7 +6,6 @@ namespace CommunityToolkit.Maui.Sample.Pages.Views;
 public partial class CameraViewPage : BasePage<CameraViewViewModel>
 {
 	readonly string imagePath;
-	int pageCount;
 
 	public CameraViewPage(CameraViewViewModel viewModel, IFileSystem fileSystem) : base(viewModel)
 	{
@@ -16,30 +14,20 @@ public CameraViewPage(CameraViewViewModel viewModel, IFileSystem fileSystem) : b
 		imagePath = Path.Combine(fileSystem.CacheDirectory, "camera-view-image.jpg");
 
 		Camera.MediaCaptured += OnMediaCaptured;
-
-		Loaded += (s, e) =>
-		{
-			pageCount = Navigation.NavigationStack.Count;
-		};
 	}
 
 	protected override async void OnAppearing()
 	{
 		base.OnAppearing();
 
-		var cancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3));
-		await BindingContext.RefreshCamerasCommand.ExecuteAsync(cancellationTokenSource.Token);
+		await BindingContext.InitializeAsync();
 	}
 
-	// https://github.com/dotnet/maui/issues/16697
-	// https://github.com/dotnet/maui/issues/15833
 	protected override void OnNavigatedFrom(NavigatedFromEventArgs args)
 	{
 		base.OnNavigatedFrom(args);
 
-		Debug.WriteLine($"< < OnNavigatedFrom {pageCount} {Navigation.NavigationStack.Count}");
-
-		if (Navigation.NavigationStack.Count < pageCount)
+		if (!Shell.Current.Navigation.NavigationStack.Contains(this))
 		{
 			Cleanup();
 		}
@@ -57,12 +45,6 @@ async void OnImageTapped(object? sender, TappedEventArgs args)
 	void Cleanup()
 	{
 		Camera.MediaCaptured -= OnMediaCaptured;
-		Camera.Handler?.DisconnectHandler();
-	}
-
-	void OnUnloaded(object? sender, EventArgs e)
-	{
-		//Cleanup();
 	}
 
 	void OnMediaCaptured(object? sender, MediaCapturedEventArgs e)
@@ -75,7 +57,7 @@ void OnMediaCaptured(object? sender, MediaCapturedEventArgs e)
 		{
 			// workaround for https://github.com/dotnet/maui/issues/13858
 #if ANDROID
-            image.Source = ImageSource.FromStream(() => File.OpenRead(imagePath));
+			image.Source = ImageSource.FromStream(() => File.OpenRead(imagePath));
 #else
 			image.Source = ImageSource.FromFile(imagePath);
 #endif

samples/CommunityToolkit.Maui.Sample/ViewModels/Views/CameraView/CameraViewViewModel.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-using CommunityToolkit.Maui.Core;
-using CommunityToolkit.Maui.Core.Primitives;
+using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
+using CommunityToolkit.Maui.Core;
 using CommunityToolkit.Mvvm.ComponentModel;
 using CommunityToolkit.Mvvm.Input;
 
@@ -9,10 +9,12 @@ public partial class CameraViewViewModel(ICameraProvider cameraProvider) : BaseV
 {
 	readonly ICameraProvider cameraProvider = cameraProvider;
 
-	public IReadOnlyList<CameraInfo> Cameras => cameraProvider.AvailableCameras ?? [];
+	bool isInitialized = false;
 
 	public CancellationToken Token => CancellationToken.None;
 
+	public ObservableCollection<CameraInfo> Cameras { get; } = [];
+
 	public ICollection<CameraFlashMode> FlashModes { get; } = Enum.GetValues<CameraFlashMode>();
 
 	[ObservableProperty]
@@ -42,6 +44,22 @@ public partial class CameraViewViewModel(ICameraProvider cameraProvider) : BaseV
 	[ObservableProperty]
 	public partial string ResolutionText { get; set; } = string.Empty;
 
+	public async ValueTask InitializeAsync()
+	{
+		if (isInitialized)
+		{
+			return;
+		}
+
+		await cameraProvider.InitializeAsync(CancellationToken.None);
+		foreach (var camera in cameraProvider.AvailableCameras ?? [])
+		{
+			Cameras.Add(camera);
+		}
+
+		isInitialized = true;
+	}
+
 	[RelayCommand]
 	async Task RefreshCameras(CancellationToken token) => await cameraProvider.RefreshAvailableCameras(token);
 
@@ -60,6 +78,22 @@ partial void OnSelectedResolutionChanged(Size value)
 		UpdateResolutionText();
 	}
 
+	partial void OnSelectedCameraChanged(CameraInfo? oldValue, CameraInfo? newValue)
+	{
+		UpdateCameraInfoText();
+	}
+
+	void UpdateCameraInfoText()
+	{
+		if (SelectedCamera is null)
+		{
+			return;
+		}
+		CameraNameText = $"{SelectedCamera.Name}";
+		ZoomRangeText = $"Min Zoom: {SelectedCamera.MinimumZoomFactor}, Max Zoom: {SelectedCamera.MaximumZoomFactor}";
+		UpdateFlashModeText();
+	}
+
 	void UpdateFlashModeText()
 	{
 		if (SelectedCamera is null)

src/CommunityToolkit.Maui.Camera/CameraManager.android.cs

@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@ protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
 			previewView?.Dispose();
 			previewView = null;
 
+			processCameraProvider?.UnbindAll();
 			processCameraProvider?.Dispose();
 			processCameraProvider = null;
 
@@ -158,16 +159,6 @@ protected virtual async partial Task PlatformConnectCamera(CancellationToken tok
 		{
 			processCameraProvider = (ProcessCameraProvider)(cameraProviderFuture.Get() ?? throw new CameraException($"Unable to retrieve {nameof(ProcessCameraProvider)}"));
 
-			if (cameraProvider.AvailableCameras is null)
-			{
-				await cameraProvider.RefreshAvailableCameras(token);
-
-				if (cameraProvider.AvailableCameras is null)
-				{
-					throw new CameraException("Unable to refresh available cameras");
-				}
-			}
-
 			await StartUseCase(token);
 
 			cameraProviderTCS.SetResult();
@@ -200,22 +191,14 @@ protected async Task StartUseCase(CancellationToken token)
 		await StartCameraPreview(token);
 	}
 
-	protected virtual async partial Task PlatformStartCameraPreview(CancellationToken token)
+	protected virtual partial Task PlatformStartCameraPreview(CancellationToken token)
 	{
 		if (previewView is null || processCameraProvider is null || cameraPreview is null || imageCapture is null)
 		{
-			return;
+			return Task.CompletedTask;
 		}
 
-		if (cameraView.SelectedCamera is null)
-		{
-			if (cameraProvider.AvailableCameras is null)
-			{
-				await cameraProvider.RefreshAvailableCameras(token);
-			}
-
-			cameraView.SelectedCamera = cameraProvider.AvailableCameras?.FirstOrDefault() ?? throw new CameraException("No camera available on device");
-		}
+		cameraView.SelectedCamera ??= cameraProvider.AvailableCameras?.FirstOrDefault() ?? throw new CameraException("No camera available on device");
 
 		var cameraSelector = cameraView.SelectedCamera.CameraSelector ?? throw new CameraException($"Unable to retrieve {nameof(CameraSelector)}");
 
@@ -231,6 +214,7 @@ protected virtual async partial Task PlatformStartCameraPreview(CancellationToke
 
 		IsInitialized = true;
 		OnLoaded.Invoke();
+		return Task.CompletedTask;
 	}
 
 	protected virtual partial void PlatformStopCameraPreview()

src/CommunityToolkit.Maui.Camera/CameraManager.macios.cs

@@ -77,24 +77,18 @@
 		captureDevice.UnlockForConfiguration();
 	}
 
-	public async partial ValueTask UpdateCaptureResolution(Size resolution, CancellationToken token)
+	public partial ValueTask UpdateCaptureResolution(Size resolution, CancellationToken token)
 	{
-		if (captureDevice is null)
+		if (captureDevice is null || cameraView.SelectedCamera is null)
 		{
-			return;
+			return ValueTask.CompletedTask;
 		}
 
 		captureDevice.LockForConfiguration(out NSError? error);
 		if (error is not null)
 		{
 			Trace.WriteLine(error);
-			return;
-		}
-
-		if (cameraView.SelectedCamera is null)
-		{
-			await cameraProvider.RefreshAvailableCameras(token);
-			cameraView.SelectedCamera = cameraProvider.AvailableCameras?.FirstOrDefault() ?? throw new CameraException("No camera available on device");
+			return ValueTask.CompletedTask;
 		}
 
 		var filteredFormatList = cameraView.SelectedCamera.SupportedFormats.Where(f =>
@@ -116,20 +110,11 @@
 		}
 
 		captureDevice.UnlockForConfiguration();
+		return ValueTask.CompletedTask;
 	}
 
 	protected virtual async partial Task PlatformConnectCamera(CancellationToken token)
 	{
-		if (cameraProvider.AvailableCameras is null)
-		{
-			await cameraProvider.RefreshAvailableCameras(token);
-
-			if (cameraProvider.AvailableCameras is null)
-			{
-				throw new CameraException("Unable to refresh cameras");
-			}
-		}
-
 		await PlatformStartCameraPreview(token);
 	}
 
@@ -148,11 +133,7 @@
 			input.Dispose();
 		}
 
-		if (cameraView.SelectedCamera is null)
-		{
-			await cameraProvider.RefreshAvailableCameras(token);
-			cameraView.SelectedCamera = cameraProvider.AvailableCameras?.FirstOrDefault() ?? throw new CameraException("No camera available on device");
-		}
+		cameraView.SelectedCamera ??= cameraProvider.AvailableCameras?.FirstOrDefault() ?? throw new CameraException("No camera available on device");
 
 		captureDevice = cameraView.SelectedCamera.CaptureDevice ?? throw new CameraException($"No Camera found");
 		captureInput = new AVCaptureDeviceInput(captureDevice, out _);
@@ -203,7 +184,7 @@
 			var photoOutputConnection = photoOutput.ConnectionFromMediaType(avMediaTypeVideo);
 			if (photoOutputConnection is not null)
 			{
 				photoOutputConnection.VideoOrientation = videoOrientation;
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -270,7 +251,7 @@
 		IEnumerable<UIScene> scenes = UIApplication.SharedApplication.ConnectedScenes;
 		var interfaceOrientation = scenes.FirstOrDefault() is UIWindowScene windowScene
 			? windowScene.InterfaceOrientation
 			: UIApplication.SharedApplication.StatusBarOrientation;
 
 		return interfaceOrientation switch
 		{
@@ -346,7 +327,7 @@
 		{
 			if (PreviewLayer.Connection is not null)
 			{
 				PreviewLayer.Connection.VideoOrientation = videoOrientation;
 			}
 		}
 	}

src/CommunityToolkit.Maui.Camera/CameraManager.shared.cs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 /// <exception cref="NullReferenceException">Thrown when no <see cref="CameraProvider"/> can be resolved.</exception>
 /// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException">Thrown when there are no cameras available.</exception>
 partial class CameraManager(
 	IMauiContext mauiContext,
 	ICameraView cameraView,
 	ICameraProvider cameraProvider,
 	Action onLoaded) : IDisposable
@@ -33,7 +33,18 @@
 	/// Connects to the camera.
 	/// </summary>
 	/// <returns>A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be awaited.</returns>
-	public Task ConnectCamera(CancellationToken token) => PlatformConnectCamera(token);
+	public async Task ConnectCamera(CancellationToken token)
+	{
+		if (await ArePermissionsGranted() is false)
+		{
+			throw new PermissionException("Camera permissions not granted");
+		}
+
+		await cameraProvider.InitializeAsync(token);
+		cameraView.SelectedCamera ??= cameraProvider.AvailableCameras?.FirstOrDefault() ?? throw new CameraException("No camera available on device");
+
+		await PlatformConnectCamera(token);
+	}
 
 	/// <summary>
 	/// Disconnects from the camera.

src/CommunityToolkit.Maui.Camera/CameraManager.windows.cs

@@ -119,16 +119,6 @@ protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
 
 	protected virtual async partial Task PlatformConnectCamera(CancellationToken token)
 	{
-		if (cameraProvider.AvailableCameras is null)
-		{
-			await cameraProvider.RefreshAvailableCameras(token);
-
-			if (cameraProvider.AvailableCameras is null)
-			{
-				throw new CameraException("Unable to refresh cameras");
-			}
-		}
-
 		await StartCameraPreview(token);
 	}
 
@@ -139,13 +129,9 @@ protected virtual async partial Task PlatformStartCameraPreview(CancellationToke
 			return;
 		}
 
-		mediaCapture = new MediaCapture();
+		cameraView.SelectedCamera ??= cameraProvider.AvailableCameras?.FirstOrDefault() ?? throw new CameraException("No camera available on device");
 
-		if (cameraView.SelectedCamera is null)
-		{
-			await cameraProvider.RefreshAvailableCameras(token);
-			cameraView.SelectedCamera = cameraProvider.AvailableCameras?.FirstOrDefault() ?? throw new CameraException("No camera available on device");
-		}
+		mediaCapture = new MediaCapture();
 
 		await mediaCapture.InitializeCameraForCameraView(cameraView.SelectedCamera.DeviceId, token);
 
@@ -180,22 +166,22 @@ protected virtual partial void PlatformStopCameraPreview()
 
 	protected async Task PlatformUpdateResolution(Size resolution, CancellationToken token)
 	{
-		if (!IsInitialized || mediaCapture is null)
+		if (!IsInitialized || mediaCapture is null || cameraView.SelectedCamera is null)
 		{
 			return;
 		}
 
-		if (cameraView.SelectedCamera is null)
+		if (mediaCapture.VideoDeviceController.Id != cameraView.SelectedCamera.DeviceId)
 		{
-			await cameraProvider.RefreshAvailableCameras(token);
-			cameraView.SelectedCamera = cameraProvider.AvailableCameras?.FirstOrDefault() ?? throw new CameraException("No camera available on device");
+			return;
 		}
 
 		var filteredPropertiesList = cameraView.SelectedCamera.ImageEncodingProperties.Where(p => p.Width <= resolution.Width && p.Height <= resolution.Height).ToList();
 
-		filteredPropertiesList = filteredPropertiesList.Count is not 0
-			? filteredPropertiesList
-			: [.. cameraView.SelectedCamera.ImageEncodingProperties.OrderByDescending(p => p.Width * p.Height)];
+		if (filteredPropertiesList.Count is 0)
+		{
+			filteredPropertiesList = [.. cameraView.SelectedCamera.ImageEncodingProperties.OrderByDescending(p => p.Width * p.Height)];
+		}
 
 		if (filteredPropertiesList.Count is not 0)
 		{

src/CommunityToolkit.Maui.Camera/Handlers/CameraViewHandler.shared.cs

@@ -87,10 +87,7 @@ void Init(ICameraView view)
 	protected override async void ConnectHandler(NativePlatformCameraPreviewView platformView)
 	{
 		base.ConnectHandler(platformView);
-
-		await CameraManager.ArePermissionsGranted();
 		await CameraManager.ConnectCamera(CancellationToken.None);
-		await cameraProvider.RefreshAvailableCameras(CancellationToken.None);
 	}
 
 	/// <inheritdoc/>