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* CurvedBend, EdgedBend, SuddenContraction, SuddenExpansion, Diffusor, SplitterY, JunctionY * UTF8 issue * UTF8 issue * HMTL1 * UTF8 issue * UTF8 issue * HTML1 * UTF8 issue * Deleted all HTML code to pass HTML check * Deleted all HTML code to pass HTML check * HTML Pipes package * HTML Contact * HTML Users Guide, Contact, References * HTML Pipes package * HTML Pipes package * HTML Pipes package * HTML CurvedBend * HTML ÉdgedBend * HTML ÉdgedBend CurvedBend * HTML ÉdgedBend CurvedBend * HTML SuddenExpansion * HTML SuddenContaction * HTML EdgedOrifice * HTML Diffusor * HTML SplitterY * HTML SplitterY * HTML SplitterY * HTML blank lines * HTML Junction> * HTML JunctionY * HTML SISOFlow_nonConstArea * HTML partialJunctionY * HTML partialSplitterY * HTML Splitter Junction * HTML dp_conicalDiffuserOverall_DP * HTML dp_conicalDiffuserOverall_DP * HTML 2dp_SplitterWyeType1_DP * HTML 2dp_SplitterWyeType1_DP * HTML 2dp_SplitterWyeType1_DP * HTML 2dp_SplitterWyeType2_DP * HTML 2dp_SplitterWyeType2_DP * Junction1 * Junction1 * Junction2 * Junction2 * WallFriction * UTF8 issue * UTF8 issue * Changes suggested from Jakub * UTF8 issue * UTF8 issue * UTF8 issue
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...dStream/Processes/Pipes/BaseClasses/PressureLoss/Diffuser/dp_conicalDiffuserOverall_DP.mo
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| within ThermofluidStream.Processes.Pipes.BaseClasses.PressureLoss.Diffuser; | ||
| function dp_conicalDiffuserOverall_DP "Pressure loss of conical diffuser | calculate pressure loss | uniform velocity profile | overall flow regime" | ||
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| extends Modelica.Icons.Function; | ||
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| import c_spline = ThermofluidStream.Processes.Pipes.Internal.Utilities.cubicHermite; | ||
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| // Input variables | ||
| input SI.MassFlowRate m_flow "Mass flow rate"; | ||
| input SI.Area A_0 "Inlet area"; | ||
| input SI.Area A_1 "Outlet area"; | ||
| input SI.Angle alpha "Central divergence angle"; | ||
| input SI.Length Delta(min = 0) "Relative roughness of diffuser walls"; | ||
| input SI.Density rho "Density"; | ||
| input SI.DynamicViscosity mu "Dynamic viscosity"; | ||
| // Output variables | ||
| output SI.Pressure dp "Pressure loss (>0)"; | ||
| output Internal.Types.PressureLossCoefficient zeta_dif "Pressure loss coefficient of diffuser"; | ||
| output Internal.Types.PressureLossCoefficient zeta_exp "Pressure loss coefficient due to diffuser enlargement"; | ||
| output Internal.Types.PressureLossCoefficient zeta_fr "Pressure loss coefficient due to wall friciton"; | ||
| output Real alpha_deg = alpha*180/pi "Central divergence angle (in degree)"; | ||
| // [1] Idelchik | ||
| // [2] Modelica.Fluid.Pipes.BaseClasses.WallFriction.Detailed.pressureLoss_m_flow_staticHead | ||
| // Variables for zeta_exp | ||
| protected | ||
| Internal.Types.PressureLossCoefficient zeta_exp1 "Pressure loss coefficient due to diffuser enlargement in region 1"; | ||
| Internal.Types.PressureLossCoefficient zeta_exp2 "Pressure loss coefficient due to diffuser enlargement in region 2"; | ||
| // Real alpha_deg = alpha*180/pi "central divergence angle of diffuser walls in degree"; | ||
| Real n_0 = A_0/A_1 "Area ratio"; | ||
| constant Real k_1 = 1 "Coefficient characterizing the state of the boundary layer (uniform velocity profile k_1 = 1)"; | ||
| constant Real k_2 = 3.2 "Coefficient characterizing the shape of the diffuser cross cross section (circular k_2 = 3.2)"; | ||
| // Polynomial coefficients for zeta_exp2 | ||
| Real p_1 = 0.0001116*n_0^3 - 0.0001112*n_0^2 + 1.931e-5*n_0 + 5.91e-6; | ||
| Real p_2 = -0.0292*n_0^3 + 0.02792*n_0^2 - 0.002995*n_0 - 0.002489; | ||
| Real p_3 = 1.012*n_0^2 - 2.428*n_0 + 1.29; | ||
| // Boundaries of cubic hermite spline for transition region | ||
| Real alpha_bound1 = 40 "Lower angle boundary for transition region"; | ||
| Real alpha_bound2 = 60 "Upper angle boundary for transition region"; | ||
| Real zeta_exp_bound1 = k_2*tan(alpha_bound1/180*pi/2)*(tan(alpha_bound1/180*pi/2))^(1/4)*(1 - n_0)^2 "Pressure loss coefficient zeta_exp at lower transition boundary"; | ||
| Real zeta_exp_bound2 = p_1*(alpha_bound2)^2 + p_2*(alpha_bound2) + p_3 "Pressure loss coefficient zeta_exp at upper transition boundary"; | ||
| Real dzeta_exp_dalpha_bound1 = (pi*k_2*(n_0 - 1)^2*(1/cos(alpha_bound1/180*pi/2))^2*(tan(alpha_bound1/180*pi/2))^(1/4))/288 "Derivative of diffuser enlargement pressure loss with respect to alpha in region 1 at lower boundary"; | ||
| Real dzeta_exp_dalpha_bound2 = 2*p_1*alpha_bound2 + p_2 "Derivative of diffuser enlargement pressure loss with respect to alpha in region 2 at upper boundary"; | ||
| // Variables for zeta_fr | ||
| Internal.Types.DarcyFrictionFactor lambda "Darcy friciton factor"; | ||
| Real Re1 = 2300 "Reynolds number laminar-turbulent transition regime"; | ||
| Real Re2 = 4000 "Reynolds number laminar-turbulent transition regime"; | ||
| SI.Length D_0 = 2*sqrt(A_0/pi) "Inlet diameter"; | ||
| SI.Length D_1 = 2*sqrt(A_1/pi) "Outlet diameter"; | ||
| SI.Length L_dif = (D_1 - D_0)/2/tan(alpha/2) "Diffuser length"; | ||
| algorithm | ||
| // Pressure loss coefficient due to diffuser enlargement zeta_exp | ||
| // Determine zeta_exp | ||
| // [1] | ||
| zeta_exp1 := k_2*tan(alpha_deg/180*pi/2)*(tan(alpha_deg/180*pi/2))^(1/4)*(1 - n_0)^2; | ||
| // Own aproximation formula | ||
| zeta_exp2 := p_1*(alpha_deg)^2 + p_2*(alpha_deg) + p_3; | ||
| // Section wise defined overall formula | ||
| if alpha_deg < alpha_bound1 then | ||
| zeta_exp := zeta_exp1; | ||
| elseif alpha_deg > alpha_bound2 then | ||
| zeta_exp := zeta_exp2; | ||
| else | ||
| zeta_exp := c_spline(alpha_deg, alpha_bound1, alpha_bound2, zeta_exp_bound1, zeta_exp_bound2, dzeta_exp_dalpha_bound1, dzeta_exp_dalpha_bound2); | ||
| end if; | ||
| // Pressure loss due to wall friction zeta_fr | ||
| // determine zeta_fr | ||
| lambda := WallFriction.Utilities.DarcyFriction( | ||
| m_flow, | ||
| D_0, | ||
| Delta, | ||
| rho, | ||
| mu, | ||
| Re1, | ||
| Re2); | ||
| // [1] | ||
| zeta_fr := lambda/(8*sin(alpha/2))*(1 - n_0^2)*1.5; | ||
| // Determine total pressure loss coefficient of diffuser zeta_dif | ||
| zeta_dif := k_1*zeta_exp + zeta_fr; | ||
| // Determine pressure loss | ||
| dp := rho/2*zeta_dif*(abs(m_flow)/(rho*A_0))^2; | ||
| annotation ( | ||
| Documentation(info="<html> | ||
| <p> | ||
| The implementation of the function is based on \"Handbook of Hydraulic Resistance\" in its first translated Version from 1960! The book has been republished in several updated versions since then! | ||
| Function calculating the pressure loss of a conical diffuser as f(m_flow, F_0, F_1, alpha, Delta, rho,mu) where: | ||
| </p> | ||
| <ul> | ||
| <li>m_flow: mass flow rate [kg/s]</li> | ||
| <li>F_0: cross sectional of narrow section [m^2]</li> | ||
| <li>F_1: cross sectional of wide section [m^2]</li> | ||
| <li>alpha: central divergence angle [rad]</li> | ||
| <li>Delta: relative wall roughness [-]</li> | ||
| <li>rho: density [kg/m^3]</li> | ||
| <li>mu: dynamic viscosity [Pa.s]</li> | ||
| </ul> | ||
| <p> | ||
| Calculation according to Idelchik (1960). The pressure loss is calculated as: | ||
| </p> | ||
| <p> | ||
| <code>dp = rho/2 * zeta_dif * c_0^2</code> | ||
| </p> | ||
| <p> | ||
| with the total pressure loss coefficient of the diffuser zeta_dif: | ||
| </p> | ||
| <p> | ||
| <code>zeta_dif = k_1* zeta_exp + zeta_fr </code> | ||
| </p> | ||
| <ul> | ||
| <li>k_1 = 1 coefficient characterizing the state of the boundary layer (uniform velocity profil k_1 = 1)</li> | ||
| </ul> | ||
| <p> | ||
| The local resistance due to diffuser enlargement zeta_exp is diveded in 2 regions and a transition region blending both forumlas using a cubic hermite spline. | ||
| In the first region (alpha < 40°) the function provided by Idelchik is used: | ||
| </p> | ||
| <p> | ||
| <code> zeta_exp = k_2 * tan(alpha/2) * (tan(alpha/2))^1/4 * (1 - n_0)^2 </code> | ||
| </p> | ||
| <ul> | ||
| <li>k_2 = 3.2 coefficient characterizing the shape of the diffuser cross section (circular k_2 = 3.2)</li> | ||
| <li>n_0 = F_0/F_1 area ratio of diffuser</li> | ||
| </ul> | ||
| <p> | ||
| In the second region (60 < alpha < 180) a 2nd degree polynomial is fitted to the data given by Idelchik. | ||
| </p> | ||
| <p> | ||
| <code> zeta_exp = p_1 * alpha^2 + p_2 * alpha + p_3 </code> | ||
| </p> | ||
| <p> | ||
| where the polynomial coefficients a described as functions of n_0: | ||
| </p> | ||
| <p> | ||
| <code> p_1 = 0.0001116 * n_0^3 - 0.0001112 * n_0^2 + 1.931e-6 + n_0 + 5.91e-6 n_0<br> | ||
| p_2 = -0.0292 * n_0^3 + 0.02792 * n_0^2 - 0.002995 * n_0 - 0.002489<br> | ||
| p_3 = 1.012 * n_0^2 - 2.428 * n_0 + 1.29 | ||
| </code> | ||
| </p> | ||
| <p> | ||
| The following figure <strong>Fig.1</strong>, the data and fitted polynomial coefficients are shown. (Currently not yet available) | ||
| </p> | ||
| <p> | ||
| <em>[P. Jordan; HTWG Konstanz; 01/24]</em> | ||
| </p> | ||
| <p> | ||
| <img src=\"modelica://ThermofluidStream/Resources/Doku/Fluid_HTWG/HTWG_en_Markenzeichen_klein_pos_1C.png\" alt=\"HTWG Konstanz\" width=\"350\" height=\"100\"> | ||
| </p> | ||
| </html>")); | ||
| end dp_conicalDiffuserOverall_DP; |
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ThermofluidStream/Processes/Pipes/BaseClasses/PressureLoss/Diffuser/package.mo
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| within ThermofluidStream.Processes.Pipes.BaseClasses.PressureLoss; | ||
| package Diffuser "Package for pressure loss calculation of diffusers" | ||
| extends Modelica.Icons.VariantsPackage; | ||
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| end Diffuser; |
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ThermofluidStream/Processes/Pipes/BaseClasses/PressureLoss/Diffuser/package.order
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| dp_conicalDiffuserOverall_DP |
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...tream/Processes/Pipes/BaseClasses/PressureLoss/Junction/Internal/lin_interpol_Y1_60_90.mo
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| within ThermofluidStream.Processes.Pipes.BaseClasses.PressureLoss.Junction.Internal; | ||
| function lin_interpol_Y1_60_90 | ||
| // Input variables | ||
| input Real alpha_deg "Branching angle"; | ||
| input Real w_rel_bc "Velocity ratio branch/common"; | ||
| input Real Q_rel_bc "Volume flow rate ratio branch/common"; | ||
| input Real F_rel_cb "Area ratio common/branch"; | ||
| input Real A "Correction factor at alpha = 90°"; | ||
| // Output variables | ||
| output Real zeta_cb; | ||
| output Real zeta_cs; | ||
| protected | ||
| Real zeta_cb_60; | ||
| Real zeta_cb_90; | ||
| Real zeta_cs_60; | ||
| Real zeta_cs_90; | ||
| algorithm | ||
| zeta_cb_60 := 1 + w_rel_bc^2 - 2*(1 - Q_rel_bc)^2 - F_rel_cb*Q_rel_bc^2; | ||
| zeta_cs_60 := 1 - (1 - Q_rel_bc)^2 - F_rel_cb*Q_rel_bc^2; | ||
| zeta_cb_90 := A*(1 + w_rel_bc^2 - 2*(1 - Q_rel_bc)^2); | ||
| zeta_cs_90 := 1.55*Q_rel_bc - Q_rel_bc^2; | ||
| // Interpolation | ||
| zeta_cb := zeta_cb_60 + (zeta_cb_90 - zeta_cb_60)/30*(alpha_deg - 60); | ||
| zeta_cs := zeta_cs_60 + (zeta_cs_90 - zeta_cs_60)/30*(alpha_deg - 60); | ||
| end lin_interpol_Y1_60_90; |
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...tream/Processes/Pipes/BaseClasses/PressureLoss/Junction/Internal/lin_interpol_Y2_60_90.mo
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| within ThermofluidStream.Processes.Pipes.BaseClasses.PressureLoss.Junction.Internal; | ||
| function lin_interpol_Y2_60_90 | ||
| // Input variables | ||
| input Real alpha_deg "Branching angle (in deg)"; | ||
| input Real w_rel_bc "Velocity ratio branch/common"; | ||
| input Real Q_rel_bc "Volume flow rate ratio branch/common"; | ||
| input Real F_rel_cb "Area ratio common/branch"; | ||
| input Real F_rel_cs "Area ratio common/straight"; | ||
| input Real K_b[3] "Free term correction for zeta_cb"; | ||
| input Real K_s[3] "Free term correction for zeta_cs"; | ||
| // Polynomial coefficients | ||
| input Real A; | ||
| input Real B; | ||
| // Output variables | ||
| output Real zeta_cb; | ||
| output Real zeta_cs; | ||
| protected | ||
| Real zeta_cb_60; | ||
| Real zeta_cb_90; | ||
| Real zeta_cs_60; | ||
| Real zeta_cs_90; | ||
| algorithm | ||
| zeta_cb_60 := 1 + w_rel_bc^2 - 2*F_rel_cs*(1 - Q_rel_bc)^2 - F_rel_cb*Q_rel_bc^2 + K_b[2]; | ||
| zeta_cs_60 := 1 + F_rel_cs^2*(1 - Q_rel_bc)^2 - 2*F_rel_cs*(1 - Q_rel_bc)^2 - F_rel_cb*Q_rel_bc^2 + K_s[2]; | ||
| zeta_cb_90 := 1 + w_rel_bc^2 - 2*F_rel_cs*(1 - Q_rel_bc)^2 + K_b[3]; | ||
| zeta_cs_90 := A*(1 + F_rel_cs^2*(1 - Q_rel_bc)^2 - B*2*F_rel_cs*(1 - Q_rel_bc)^2 - F_rel_cb*Q_rel_bc^2) + K_s[3]; | ||
| // Interpolation | ||
| zeta_cb := zeta_cb_60 + (zeta_cb_90 - zeta_cb_60)/30*(alpha_deg - 60); | ||
| zeta_cs := zeta_cs_60 + (zeta_cs_90 - zeta_cs_60)/30*(alpha_deg - 60); | ||
| end lin_interpol_Y2_60_90; |
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ThermofluidStream/Processes/Pipes/BaseClasses/PressureLoss/Junction/Internal/package.mo
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| within ThermofluidStream.Processes.Pipes.BaseClasses.PressureLoss.Junction; | ||
| package Internal | ||
| extends Modelica.Icons.InternalPackage; | ||
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| end Internal; |
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ThermofluidStream/Processes/Pipes/BaseClasses/PressureLoss/Junction/Internal/package.order
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| lin_interpol_Y1_60_90 | ||
| lin_interpol_Y2_60_90 |
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