feat: implement staking module with minting and burning functionality for tokens

[Shredder401k]

Token Economics Implementation

Overview

This PR implements comprehensive token economics for the Nestera protocol, including minting, burning, rewards distribution, and staking mechanisms.

Changes

#376 - Token Minting Logic

• Added mint_tokens(caller, to, amount) function for controlled token minting
• Restricted minting to governance and admin roles only
• Updates total supply on mint
• Emits TokenMinted event with recipient, amount, and new total supply
• Validates amount is positive
• Uses checked arithmetic for overflow protection

#377 - Token Burning Mechanism

• Added burn(from, amount) function for deflationary mechanics
• Reduces total supply on burn
• Emits TokenBurned event with sender, amount, and new total supply
• Validates amount is positive
• Uses checked arithmetic for underflow protection

#441 - Rewards Distribution in Token

• Integrated existing rewards system with token minting
• claim_rewards() function transfers native tokens to users
• Tracks claimed vs unclaimed rewards in UserRewards struct
• Emits RewardsClaimed event on successful claim
• Prevents double-claiming by zeroing unclaimed_tokens before transfer
• Uses checked arithmetic for all calculations

#442 - Staking Mechanism

• Created new staking module with full staking functionality
• stake(user, amount) - stakes tokens for a user
• unstake(user, amount) - unstakes tokens for a user
• claim_staking_rewards(user) - claims accumulated staking rewards
• Stake struct tracks:
  • amount - staked tokens
  • start_time - when stake was created
  • last_update_time - last reward calculation
  • reward_per_share - accumulated rewards
• StakingConfig struct for configuration:
  • min_stake_amount - minimum stake required
  • max_stake_amount - maximum stake per user
  • reward_rate_bps - APY in basis points
  • enabled - whether staking is active
  • lock_period_seconds - optional lock period
• Emits events: StakeCreated, StakeWithdrawn, StakingRewardsClaimed
• Supports optional lock period for staked tokens
• Calculates pending rewards based on time and stake amount

Files Modified

• contracts/src/token.rs - Added mint and burn functions with events
• contracts/src/lib.rs - Added contract functions for mint, burn, and staking
• contracts/src/staking/mod.rs - New staking module
• contracts/src/staking/storage_types.rs - Staking data structures
• contracts/src/staking/storage.rs - Staking logic implementation
• contracts/src/staking/events.rs - Staking event helpers
• contracts/src/token_tests.rs - Tests for minting and burning
• contracts/src/staking_tests.rs - Tests for staking mechanism

Tests

All new functionality includes comprehensive tests:

• Token minting tests (admin, unauthorized, invalid amounts)
• Token burning tests (user, invalid amounts, insufficient supply)
• Staking tests (stake, unstake, rewards, lock periods, edge cases)

Acceptance Criteria Met

#376 - Token Minting Logic

• ✅ Only authorized minting allowed (governance/admin)
• ✅ Supply updated correctly
• ✅ Tests validate restrictions

#377 - Token Burning Mechanism

• ✅ Burning reduces supply
• ✅ Cannot burn more than balance
• ✅ Tests pass

#441 - Rewards Distribution in Token

• ✅ Rewards claim works correctly
• ✅ No double claiming
• ✅ Accurate accounting

#442 - Staking Mechanism

• ✅ Stake/unstake works correctly
• ✅ Balances updated properly
• ✅ Tests validate flows

Closes

Closes #376
Closes #377
Closes #441
Closes #442

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Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
nestera	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 27, 2026 3:01pm