[libcxx][test][NFC] Fix std::pair convertible tests in light of CWG21…

…37 (llvm#97403)

https://cplusplus.github.io/CWG/issues/2137.html

This change was previously made as part of
9247013 (llvm#77768) and later reverted in
6e4930c

This change is still needed because the comment is still true: A
standards-conformant compiler is currently supposed to fail this test.

This also means that any future work on CWG2137 with Clang would not
need to modify the libc++ test suite

libcxx/test/std/utilities/utility/pairs/pairs.pair/ctor.pair_U_V_move.pass.cpp

@@ -121,7 +121,28 @@ int main(int, char**)
         test_pair_rv<CopyOnly, CopyOnly&>();
         test_pair_rv<CopyOnly, CopyOnly&&>();
 
-        test_pair_rv<ExplicitTypes::CopyOnly, ExplicitTypes::CopyOnly>();
+        /* For ExplicitTypes::CopyOnly, two of the viable candidates for initializing from a non-const xvalue are:
+         *   pair(const pair&);  // (defaulted copy constructor)
+         *   template<class U1, class U2> explicit pair(const pair<U1, U2>&&); [U1 = ExplicitTypes::CopyOnly, U2 = int]
+         *
+         * This results in diverging behavior for test_convertible which uses copy-list-initialization.
+         * Prior to CWG2137, this would have selected the first (non-explicit) ctor as explicit ctors
+         * would not be considered. Afterwards, it should select the second since it is a better match,
+         * and then failed because it is explicit.
+         *
+         * This may change with future defect reports, and some compilers only have partial support
+         * for CWG2137, so use std::is_convertible directly to avoid a copy-list-initialization
+         */
+        {
+          using P1  = std::pair<ExplicitTypes::CopyOnly, int>;
+          using P2  = std::pair<int, ExplicitTypes::CopyOnly>;
+          using UP1 = std::pair<ExplicitTypes::CopyOnly, int>&&;
+          using UP2 = std::pair<int, ExplicitTypes::CopyOnly>&&;
+          static_assert(std::is_constructible<P1, UP1>::value, "");
+          static_assert(std::is_convertible<P1, UP1>::value, "");
+          static_assert(std::is_constructible<P2, UP2>::value, "");
+          static_assert(std::is_convertible<P2, UP2>::value, "");
+        }
         test_pair_rv<ExplicitTypes::CopyOnly, ExplicitTypes::CopyOnly&, true, false>();
         test_pair_rv<ExplicitTypes::CopyOnly, ExplicitTypes::CopyOnly&&, true, false>();