Comprehensive C++ Learning Project

A complete C++ project demonstrating concepts from beginner to advanced levels, organized by topic and difficulty.

Project Structure

HelloWorld/
├── bin/                    # Compiled executables
│   └── helloworld.exe      # Main application
├── include/                # Header files (.h)
│   ├── greet.h            # Basic greeting functions
│   ├── basics.h           # Fundamental concepts
│   ├── systems.h          # Systems programming
│   ├── data_structures.h  # Arrays, pointers, memory
│   ├── oop.h              # Object-oriented programming
│   ├── stl.h              # Standard Template Library
│   ├── math.h             # Mathematical computations
│   ├── physics.h          # Physics simulations
│   └── advanced.h         # Advanced C++ features
├── src/                   # Source files (.cpp)
│   ├── core/              # Main application
│   │   └── hello.cpp      # Program entry point with menu system
│   ├── utils/             # Utility functions
│   │   └── greet.cpp      # Greeting implementation
│   ├── basics/            # Fundamental concepts
│   │   ├── variables.cpp  # Variables & data types
│   │   ├── functions.cpp  # Functions & parameters (planned)
│   │   └── control_flow.cpp # Control structures (planned)
│   ├── data_structures/   # Arrays, pointers, memory
│   │   ├── arrays.cpp     # Array operations
│   │   ├── pointers.cpp   # Pointers & memory
│   │   └── strings.cpp    # String manipulation
│   ├── systems/           # Systems programming
│   │   ├── file_operations.cpp    # File I/O
│   │   ├── memory_management.cpp  # Smart pointers
│   │   └── process_management.cpp # Processes
│   ├── oop/               # Object-oriented programming
│   │   ├── classes.cpp    # Classes & objects
│   │   ├── inheritance.cpp # Inheritance & polymorphism
│   │   └── templates.cpp  # Generic programming
│   ├── stl/               # Standard Template Library
│   │   ├── containers.cpp # Vectors, maps, sets
│   │   ├── algorithms.cpp # Sort, find, transform
│   │   └── iterators.cpp  # Iterator patterns
│   ├── math/              # Mathematical computations
│   │   ├── calculus1/     # Calculus 1 implementations
│   │   │   ├── derivatives.cpp      # Numerical differentiation
│   │   │   ├── integrals.cpp        # Numerical integration
│   │   │   └── applications.cpp     # Optimization problems
│   │   ├── calculus2/     # Calculus 2 implementations
│   │   │   ├── integration_techniques.cpp
│   │   │   ├── parametric_equations.cpp
│   │   │   ├── sequences_series.cpp
│   │   │   └── partial_derivatives.cpp
│   │   ├── calculus3/     # Calculus 3 implementations
│   │   │   ├── vector_functions.cpp
│   │   │   ├── multiple_integrals.cpp
│   │   │   ├── vector_calculus.cpp
│   │   │   └── vector_fields.cpp
│   │   ├── linear_algebra/ # Linear algebra
│   │   │   ├── matrices.cpp
│   │   │   └── vectors.cpp
│   │   └── diff_equations/ # Differential equations
│   │       ├── ode_solver.cpp
│   │       └── systems.cpp
│   ├── physics/           # Physics simulations
│   │   └── mechanics/     # Classical mechanics
│   │       ├── kinematics.cpp     # Motion
│   │       ├── dynamics.cpp       # Forces
│   │       └── rotation.cpp       # Rotational motion
│   └── advanced/          # Advanced topics
│       ├── exceptions.cpp # Error handling
│       ├── modern_cpp.cpp # C++11/14/17/20 features
│       └── performance.cpp # Optimization techniques
├── data/                  # Sample data files
│   ├── test_inputs.txt    # Test data
│   └── sample_outputs.txt # Expected results
├── docs/                  # Documentation
│   ├── api_reference.md   # Function documentation
│   └── tutorials/         # Implementation guides
└── .vscode/               # VSCode configuration
    └── tasks.json         # Build tasks and compilation

Sequential Learning Path

Phase 1: Foundations + Calculus 1 🟢 (Current: In Progress)

Prerequisites: None Academic Focus: Calculus 1 (First College Math Class)

1. Variables & Data Types - src/basics/variables.cpp

   • int, float, char, bool, string
   • Memory usage (sizeof)
   • Type conversion

2. Functions & Parameters - src/basics/functions.cpp

   • Function declarations
   • Parameters and return values
   • Function overloading

3. Control Flow - src/basics/control_flow.cpp (planned)

   • if/else statements
   • Loops (for, while, do-while)
   • Switch statements

4. Calculus 1: Derivatives - src/math/calculus1/derivatives.cpp

   • Numerical differentiation
   • Rate of change calculations
   • Applications: optimization, physics

5. Calculus 1: Integration - src/math/calculus1/integration.cpp

   • Numerical integration methods
   • Area calculations
   • Applications: physics, engineering

Phase 2: Data Structures + Linear Algebra 🟡 (Next: Planned)

Prerequisites: Phase 1 complete Academic Focus: Linear Algebra (Often concurrent with Calculus)

6. Arrays & Memory - src/data_structures/arrays.cpp

   • Static and dynamic arrays
   • Memory allocation (new/delete)
   • Array operations

7. Pointers & References - src/data_structures/pointers.cpp

   • Pointer declaration and usage
   • Memory addresses
   • Dynamic memory management

8. Strings & Text Processing - src/data_structures/strings.cpp

   • C++ string class
   • String operations
   • Text manipulation

9. Linear Algebra: Matrices - src/math/linear_algebra/matrices.cpp

   • Matrix operations (addition, multiplication)
   • Matrix transformations
   • Applications: computer graphics, data processing

10. Linear Algebra: Vectors - src/math/linear_algebra/vectors.cpp

    • Vector operations and calculations
    • Dot product, cross product
    • Applications: physics, 3D graphics

Phase 3: Systems Programming + Differential Equations 🟠 (After Phase 2)

Prerequisites: Pointers and memory management Academic Focus: Differential Equations

11. File Operations - src/systems/file_operations.cpp

    • Reading/writing files
    • Directory operations
    • File permissions

12. Memory Management - src/systems/memory_management.cpp

    • Smart pointers
    • Custom allocators
    • Memory pools

13. Process Management - src/systems/process_management.cpp

    • Creating processes
    • Inter-process communication
    • System calls

14. Differential Equations: ODE Solvers - src/math/diff_equations/ode_solver.cpp

    • Euler's method, Runge-Kutta methods
    • Applications: physics simulations, control systems

15. Differential Equations: Systems - src/math/diff_equations/systems.cpp

    • Coupled differential equations
    • Applications: circuit analysis, mechanical systems

Phase 4: Object-Oriented Programming + Calculus 2 + Mechanics 🔵

Prerequisites: Functions and data structures Academic Focus: Calculus 2 (Multivariable) + Physics 1 (Mechanics) Physics Prerequisites: Calculus 2 (for kinematics, dynamics)

16. Classes & Objects - src/oop/classes.cpp

    • Class definition
    • Member variables and functions
    • Constructors and destructors

17. Inheritance & Polymorphism - src/oop/inheritance.cpp

    • Base and derived classes
    • Virtual functions
    • Runtime polymorphism

18. Calculus 2: Integration Techniques (Chapter 7) - src/math/calculus2/integration_techniques.cpp

    • Advanced numerical integration methods
    • Adaptive quadrature algorithms
    • Error estimation and convergence testing

19. Calculus 2: Parametric Equations (Chapter 10) - src/math/calculus2/parametric_equations.cpp

    • Parametric curve generation and analysis
    • Arc length calculations
    • Polar coordinate conversions

20. Calculus 2: Sequences & Series (Chapter 11) - src/math/calculus2/sequences_series.cpp

    • Numerical series convergence testing
    • Taylor and Maclaurin series computation
    • Power series evaluation and approximation

21. Calculus 2: Partial Derivatives (Chapter 13) - src/math/calculus2/partial_derivatives.cpp

    • Numerical partial differentiation
    • Gradient vector computation
    • Multi-variable function optimization

22. Physics 1: Mechanics - Kinematics - src/physics/mechanics/kinematics.cpp

    • Position, velocity, acceleration
    • Projectile motion, orbital mechanics
    • Applications: game physics, robotics

23. Physics 1: Mechanics - Dynamics - src/physics/mechanics/dynamics.cpp

    • Newton's laws, force analysis
    • Energy and momentum conservation
    • Applications: collision detection, rigid body simulation

24. Physics 1: Mechanics - Rotational Motion - src/physics/mechanics/rotation.cpp

    • Angular velocity, torque, moment of inertia
    • Rotational kinematics and dynamics
    • Applications: vehicle physics, mechanical systems

Phase 5: Algorithms + Advanced C++ + Calculus 3 + Advanced Physics 🔴

Prerequisites: OOP, Calculus 3, Mechanics Academic Focus: Algorithms (CS Theory) + Calculus 3 (Vector Calculus) + Physics 2 & 3 Physics Prerequisites: Calculus 3 + Mechanics (for both Waves and E&M)

23. Algorithm Fundamentals - src/algorithms/

    • Sorting Algorithms - QuickSort, MergeSort, BubbleSort (Pseudocode Focus)
    • Search Algorithms - Binary Search, Linear Search
    • Dynamic Programming - Fibonacci, Knapsack problems
    • Graph Algorithms - BFS, DFS, Shortest Paths

24. STL Containers - src/stl/containers.cpp

    • vector, map, set, queue
    • Container operations
    • Performance characteristics

25. STL Algorithms - src/stl/algorithms.cpp

    • sort, find, transform
    • Lambda functions
    • Custom comparators

26. Advanced C++ - src/advanced/

    • Templates and metaprogramming
    • Exception handling
    • Modern C++ features (C++11/14/17/20)

27. Calculus 3: Vector Functions (Chapter 13) - src/math/calculus3/vector_functions.cpp

    • Vector-valued functions
    • Space curves and motion
    • Arc length and curvature calculations

28. Calculus 3: Partial Derivatives (Chapter 14) - src/math/calculus3/partial_derivatives.cpp

    • Multi-variable function analysis
    • Directional derivatives
    • Lagrange multipliers for optimization

29. Calculus 3: Multiple Integrals (Chapter 15) - src/math/calculus3/multiple_integrals.cpp

    • Double and triple integral computation
    • Coordinate system transformations
    • Volume and mass calculations

30. Calculus 3: Vector Calculus (Chapter 16) - src/math/calculus3/vector_calculus.cpp

    • Line integrals and work calculations
    • Surface integrals and flux
    • Green's, Stokes', and Divergence theorems

31. Calculus 3: Vector Fields (Chapter 17) - src/math/calculus3/vector_fields.cpp

    • Gradient, divergence, and curl operations
    • Conservative vector fields
    • Potential functions

32. Physics 2: Waves, Sound & Thermodynamics - src/physics/waves_sound/

    • Wave equations and interference
    • Sound propagation and acoustics
    • Heat transfer and thermodynamic cycles
    • Applications: audio processing, climate modeling

33. Physics 3: Electricity & Magnetism - src/physics/electromagnetism/

    • Electric and magnetic fields
    • Maxwell's equations
    • Electromagnetic waves
    • Applications: antenna design, motor control, wireless communication

Build Instructions

Using VSCode

1. Open the project in VSCode
2. Press Ctrl+Shift+B to build
3. Run the executable from bin/helloworld.exe

Using Command Line

# Compile the project
g++ src/hello.cpp src/greet.cpp -I include -o bin/helloworld.exe

# Run the program
./bin/helloworld.exe

Features

• Modular design with separate header and source files
• Clean separation of concerns
• Cross-platform compilation (works on Windows, Linux, macOS)
• VSCode integration for easy development

Requirements

• C++ compiler (g++, clang++, or MSVC)
• Basic understanding of C++ programming