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Fix VRF Heat Pump Total Heating Rate not match the sum of coil heating rate (with piping loss) #10627

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Fix VRF Heat Pump Total Heating Rate not match the sum of coil heating rate (with piping loss) #10627

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f5c5103
update doc: HP total heating rate = sum coil heating rate
Jul 26, 2024
03d9070
change FanSpdRatio calculation to use enthalpy difference
Jul 29, 2024
098e584
Fix non-matching HP heating rate and coil total heating rate
Aug 15, 2024
a75d23a
latex label add suffix, revert FanSpdRatioMin change
Aug 16, 2024
6379fdc
Doc update, HP heating rate is coil + piping loss
Aug 16, 2024
f306890
Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/develop' into fixDocVRFheatpumpH…
Aug 26, 2024
94e3c1f
change to directly use limited TU_HeatingLoad
Aug 29, 2024
ac4911c
revert test idf back to autosize heating cooling air flow TU1
Sep 3, 2024
c9fb07f
Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/develop' into fixDocVRFheatpumpH…
Sep 3, 2024
94fbca7
Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/develop' into fixDocVRFheatpumpH…
Oct 8, 2024
3ba669a
Revert "change to directly use limited TU_HeatingLoad"
Oct 9, 2024
303a572
Revert "Fix non-matching HP heating rate and coil total heating rate"
Oct 9, 2024
0ca1aa3
put back check on whether endpoints both positive or negative
Oct 9, 2024
fbcb90c
remov piping loss in coil heating calculation for now
Oct 9, 2024
bc5d7c9
Wrongly removed a line, add back
Oct 9, 2024
6161f8d
add back piping correction to heating coil heating rate
Oct 9, 2024
e1db7ed
revert back the FanSpdRatioMin bound as in develop
Oct 10, 2024
65f2c96
Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/develop' into fixDocVRFheatpumpH…
Feb 26, 2025
411d96a
Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/develop' into fixDocVRFheatpumpH…
Feb 26, 2025
4075b7f
revert changes in TotalTUHeatingCapacity,coil pipe correction
Feb 27, 2025
939896c
remove 100W lower bound on coil demand in FanSpdResidualHeat
Feb 27, 2025
0958045
update coil heating rate with latest HP capacity, piping correction
Feb 27, 2025
04a44d2
Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/develop' into fixDocVRFheatpumpH…
Feb 27, 2025
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6 changes: 5 additions & 1 deletion doc/input-output-reference/src/overview/group-variable-refrigerant-flow-equipment.tex
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Expand Up @@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ \subsubsection{Outputs}\label{outputs-039}

\paragraph{VRF Heat Pump Total Heating Rate {[}W{]}}\label{vrf-heat-pump-total-heating-rate-w}

This output field is the operating total heating capacity of the variable refrigerant flow heat pump in Watts. The capacity includes any degradation due to defrost mode. This value is calculated for each HVAC system time step being simulated, and the results are averaged for the time step being reported. This value should match the sum of the individual zone terminal unit output variables for Zone VRF Air Terminal Total Heating Rate.
This output field is the operating total heating capacity of the variable refrigerant flow heat pump in Watts. The capacity includes any degradation due to defrost mode. This value is calculated for each HVAC system time step being simulated, and the results are averaged for the time step being reported. This value should match the sum of the individual zone terminal unit heating coil output variables for Heating Coil Heating Rate.
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@mjwitte mjwitte Aug 16, 2024

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It thought this should say "sum of the individual zone terminal unit heating coil output variables for Heating Coil Heating Rate less any piping loss."

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@yujiex yujiex Aug 16, 2024

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It might just be the total of heating coil heating rate rather than total coil heating rate - piping loss.

in CalcVRFCondenser, vrf.TotalHeatingCapacity (VRF Heat Pump Total Heating Rate output variable) is computed like this

vrf.TotalHeatingCapacity = TotalCondHeatingCapacity * HeatingPLR * CyclingRatio;

And in HeatingPLR is like this

if (TotalCondHeatingCapacity > 0.0) {
    HeatingPLR = min(1.0, (TUHeatingLoad / vrf.PipingCorrectionHeating) / TotalCondHeatingCapacity);
} else {
    HeatingPLR = 0.0;
}

For normal cases where TotalCondHeatingCapacity > 0.0,

vrf.TotalHeatingCapacity would just be

TotalCondHeatingCapacity * ((TUHeatingLoad / vrf.PipingCorrectionHeating) / TotalCondHeatingCapacity) * CyclingRatio 
= TUHeatingLoad / vrf.PipingCorrectionHeating * CyclingRatio

TUHeatingLoad / vrf.PipingCorrectionHeating would be coil heating rate plus the piping loss.

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@mjwitte mjwitte Aug 16, 2024

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Right, I meant coil heating rates plus piping loss is the output from the outdoor unit.

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@yujiex yujiex Aug 16, 2024

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I see. Sorry I misunderstood earlier. I will modify the description.


\paragraph{VRF Heat Pump Cooling Electricity Rate {[}W{]}}\label{vrf-heat-pump-cooling-electric-power-w}

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1153,6 +1153,10 @@ \subsubsection{Outputs}

Note: refer to the rdd file after a simulation for exact output variable names

\paragraph{VRF Heat Pump Total Heating Rate {[}W{]}}\label{vrf-heat-pump-total-heating-rate-w}
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This needs a unique label (there are duplicate label warnings when file changes are viewed in github).

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@yujiex yujiex Aug 16, 2024

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Good catch. I'll add a suffix to it


This output field is the operating total heating capacity of the variable refrigerant flow heat pump in Watts. The capacity includes any degradation due to defrost mode. This value is calculated for each HVAC system time step being simulated, and the results are averaged for the time step being reported. This value should match the sum of the individual zone terminal unit heating coil output variables for Heating Coil Heating Rate.

\paragraph{VRF Heat Pump Compressor Rotating Speed {[}rev/min{]}}\label{vrf-heat-pump-compressor-rotating-speed-revmin}

This output only applies for the VRF-FluidTCtrl model. This is the rotating speed of the compressor, which indicates the loading index.
Expand Down
37 changes: 33 additions & 4 deletions src/EnergyPlus/DXCoils.cc
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Expand Up @@ -17346,7 +17346,7 @@ void ControlVRFIUCoil(EnergyPlusData &state,
MaxSC = 20;
Garate = state.dataDXCoils->DXCoil(CoilIndex).RatedAirMassFlowRate(1);
// why always limit the minimum fan speed ratio to 0.65?
FanSpdRatioMin = min(max(OAMassFlow / Garate, 0.65), 1.0); // ensure that coil flow rate is higher than OA flow rate
FanSpdRatioMin = min(max(OAMassFlow / Garate, 0.0), 1.0); // ensure that coil flow rate is higher than OA flow rate
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This seems like a big change, unrelated to the heating rate outputs. Does this branch include some changes from another branch?

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@yujiex yujiex Aug 16, 2024

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I might have left it in by accident. Just reverted it.


if (QCoil == 0) {
// No Heating or Cooling
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -17481,12 +17481,20 @@ void ControlVRFIUCoil(EnergyPlusData &state,
if (QCoilSenHeatingLoad > QinSenMin1) {
// Modulate fan speed to meet room sensible load; SC is not updated
FanSpdRatioMax = 1.0;
auto f = [QCoilSenHeatingLoad, Ts_1, Tin, Garate, BF](Real64 FanSpdRto) {
return FanSpdResidualHeat(FanSpdRto, QCoilSenHeatingLoad, Ts_1, Tin, Garate, BF);
Tout = Tin + (Ts_1 - Tin) * (1 - BF);
Real64 RatedAirMassFlowRate = state.dataDXCoils->DXCoil(CoilIndex).RatedAirMassFlowRate[0];
auto f = [QCoilSenHeatingLoad, RatedAirMassFlowRate, Tout, Tin, Win](Real64 FanSpdRto) {
return FanSpdResidualHeatUsingH(FanSpdRto, QCoilSenHeatingLoad, RatedAirMassFlowRate, Tout, Tin, Win);
};
General::SolveRoot(state, 1.0e-3, MaxIter, SolFla, Ratio1, f, FanSpdRatioMin, FanSpdRatioMax);
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@rraustad rraustad Aug 26, 2024

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I am not saying to change this but it just seems odd to me when meeting a load to modulate the fan based on suction temperature (which meets the load using air flow) instead of modulating the compressor at some known fan speed. I guess this is an artifact of using VS fan. I would hope in the case of a VS fan that the refrigerant suction T is relatively constant.

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@yujiex yujiex Aug 26, 2024

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It seems that modulating the compressor is at the next step after the calculation of the TU's are finished. In this function, I don't think refrigerant suction temperature changes

// this will likely cause problems eventually, -1 and -2 mean different things
if (SolFla < 0) Ratio1 = FanSpdRatioMax; // over capacity
if (SolFla < 0) {
if (f(FanSpdRatioMin) <= 0) { // capacity <= demand
Ratio1 = FanSpdRatioMax; // over capacity
} else { // capacity > demand even for the minimum fan speed
Ratio1 = FanSpdRatioMin;
}
}
FanSpdRatio = Ratio1;
CoilOnOffRatio = 1.0;

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -17767,6 +17775,27 @@ Real64 FanSpdResidualHeat(Real64 FanSpdRto, Real64 QCoilSenHeatingLoad, Real64 T
return (TotCap - ZnSenLoad) / ZnSenLoad;
}

Real64 FanSpdResidualHeatUsingH(Real64 FanSpdRto, Real64 QCoilSenHeatingLoad, Real64 RatedAirMassFlowRate, Real64 Tout, Real64 Tin, Real64 Win)
{

// FUNCTION INFORMATION:
// AUTHOR Yujie Xu (yujiex)
// DATE WRITTEN Jul 2024
//
// PURPOSE OF THIS FUNCTION:
// Calculates residual function (desired zone heating load - actual heating coil capacity)
// This is used to modify the fan speed to adjust the coil heating capacity to match
// the zone heating load. This one uses Hin and Hout difference rather than Tin and Tout difference
// like in FanSpdResidualHeat
//
Real64 ZnSenLoad = QCoilSenHeatingLoad;
// +-100 W minimum zone load?
if (std::abs(ZnSenLoad) < 100.0) ZnSenLoad = sign(100.0, ZnSenLoad);
Real64 Wout = Win;
Real64 TotCap = FanSpdRto * RatedAirMassFlowRate * (PsyHFnTdbW(Tout, Wout) - PsyHFnTdbW(Tin, Win));
return (TotCap - ZnSenLoad) / ZnSenLoad;
}

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@rraustad rraustad Aug 26, 2024 •
edited
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Do you really need to iterate on this? There's only 1 unknown.., FanSpdRto.

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@yujiex yujiex Aug 26, 2024

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I guess not. I will change it to directly calculate FanSpdRto

void SetMSHPDXCoilHeatRecoveryFlag(EnergyPlusData &state, int const DXCoilNum)
{

Expand Down
2 changes: 2 additions & 0 deletions src/EnergyPlus/DXCoils.hh
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -932,6 +932,8 @@ namespace DXCoils {

Real64 FanSpdResidualHeat(Real64 FanSpdRto, Real64 QCoilSenHeatingLoad, Real64 Ts_1, Real64 Tin, Real64 Garate, Real64 BF);

Real64 FanSpdResidualHeatUsingH(Real64 FanSpdRto, Real64 QCoilSenHeatingLoad, Real64 RatedAirMassFlowRate, Real64 Tout, Real64 Tin, Real64 Win);

void SetMSHPDXCoilHeatRecoveryFlag(EnergyPlusData &state, int const DXCoilNum); // must match coil names for the coil type

void SetDXCoilAirLoopNumber(EnergyPlusData &state, std::string const &CoilName, int const AirLoopNum); // must match coil names for the coil type
Expand Down
11 changes: 10 additions & 1 deletion src/EnergyPlus/HVACVariableRefrigerantFlow.cc
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Expand Up @@ -11740,12 +11740,14 @@ void VRFCondenserEquipment::CalcVRFCondenser_FluidTCtrl(EnergyPlusData &state)
this->VRFCondCyclingRatio = CyclingRatio;

Tsuction = this->EvaporatingTemp; // Outdoor unit evaporating temperature
this->HeatingCapacityPrev = this->HeatingCapacity;
this->HeatingCapacity =
this->CoffEvapCap * this->RatedEvapCapacity * CurveValue(state, this->OUCoolingCAPFT(NumOfCompSpdInput), Tdischarge, Tsuction) +
this->RatedCompPower * CurveValue(state,
this->OUCoolingPWRFT(NumOfCompSpdInput),
Tdischarge,
Tsuction); // Include the piping loss, at the highest compressor speed
this->PipingCorrectionHeatingPrev = this->PipingCorrectionHeating;
this->PipingCorrectionHeating = TU_HeatingLoad / (TU_HeatingLoad + Pipe_Q_h);
state.dataHVACVarRefFlow->MaxHeatingCapacity(VRFCond) =
this->HeatingCapacity; // for report, maximum condensing capacity the system can provide
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -12235,7 +12237,14 @@ void VRFCondenserEquipment::CalcVRFCondenser_FluidTCtrl(EnergyPlusData &state)
}

this->TotalCoolingCapacity = TotalCondCoolingCapacity * CoolingPLR;
this->TotalHeatingCapacity = TotalCondHeatingCapacity * HeatingPLR;
// adjustment for matching HP heating rate and coil heating rate
this->TotalHeatingCapacity = TotalCondHeatingCapacity * HeatingPLR * (this->RatedEvapCapacity / (this->RatedEvapCapacity + Pipe_Q_h));
if (this->VRFCondPLR < 1.0) {
this->TotalHeatingCapacity = TotalCondHeatingCapacity * HeatingPLR * this->PipingCorrectionHeating;
}
if (this->TUHeatingLoad / this->PipingCorrectionHeating > TotalCondHeatingCapacity) {
this->TotalHeatingCapacity = this->HeatingCapacityPrev * HeatingPLR * this->PipingCorrectionHeatingPrev;
}
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TotalHeatingCapacity should match the sum of the TU capacity + piping losses. So isn't it just that? TotalHeatingCapacity = Q_h_TU_PL = TU_HeatingLoad + Pipe_Q_h?

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@yujiex yujiex Aug 26, 2024

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yes, it is matching this.


if (this->MinPLR > 0.0) {
bool const plrTooLow = this->VRFCondPLR < this->MinPLR;
Expand Down
12 changes: 7 additions & 5 deletions src/EnergyPlus/HVACVariableRefrigerantFlow.hh
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Expand Up @@ -173,6 +173,7 @@ namespace HVACVariableRefrigerantFlow {
Real64 OperatingCoolingCOP; // Operating VRF heat pump cooling COP (W/W)
Real64 RatedCoolingPower; // Rated cooling power = Rated Cooling Capacity / Rated COP (W)
Real64 HeatingCapacity; // Nominal VRF heat pump heating capacity (W)
Real64 HeatingCapacityPrev; // Nominal VRF heat pump heating capacity (W)
Real64 HeatingCapacitySizeRatio; // Ratio of heating to cooling when autosizing
bool LockHeatingCapacity; // used in sizing to size VRF heat cap to VRF cool cap
Real64 TotalHeatingCapacity; // Nominal VRF heat pump heating capacity (W)
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -219,6 +220,7 @@ namespace HVACVariableRefrigerantFlow {
Real64 PCFHeightHeat; // piping correction factor for height in heating mode
Real64 EquivPipeLngthHeat; // equivalent piping length for heating
Real64 PipingCorrectionHeating; // piping correction factor for heating
Real64 PipingCorrectionHeatingPrev; // piping correction factor for heating
Real64 CCHeaterPower; // crankcase heater power per compressor (W)
Real64 CompressorSizeRatio; // ratio of min compressor size to total capacity
int NumCompressors; // number of compressors in VRF condenser
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -394,18 +396,18 @@ namespace HVACVariableRefrigerantFlow {
WaterCondenserDesignMassFlow(0.0), WaterCondenserMassFlow(0.0), QCondenser(0.0), QCondEnergy(0.0), CondenserSideOutletTemp(0.0),
SchedPtr(-1), CoolingCapacity(0.0), TotalCoolingCapacity(0.0), CoolingCombinationRatio(1.0), VRFCondPLR(0.0), VRFCondRTF(0.0),
VRFCondCyclingRatio(0.0), CondenserInletTemp(0.0), CoolingCOP(0.0), OperatingCoolingCOP(0.0), RatedCoolingPower(0.0),
HeatingCapacity(0.0), HeatingCapacitySizeRatio(1.0), LockHeatingCapacity(false), TotalHeatingCapacity(0.0),
HeatingCapacity(0.0), HeatingCapacityPrev(0.0), HeatingCapacitySizeRatio(1.0), LockHeatingCapacity(false), TotalHeatingCapacity(0.0),
HeatingCombinationRatio(1.0), HeatingCOP(0.0), OperatingHeatingCOP(0.0), RatedHeatingPower(0.0), MinOATCooling(0.0), MaxOATCooling(0.0),
MinOATHeating(0.0), MaxOATHeating(0.0), CoolCapFT(0), CoolEIRFT(0), HeatCapFT(0), HeatEIRFT(0), CoolBoundaryCurvePtr(0),
HeatBoundaryCurvePtr(0), EIRCoolBoundaryCurvePtr(0), CoolEIRFPLR1(0), CoolEIRFPLR2(0), CoolCapFTHi(0), CoolEIRFTHi(0), HeatCapFTHi(0),
HeatEIRFTHi(0), EIRHeatBoundaryCurvePtr(0), HeatEIRFPLR1(0), HeatEIRFPLR2(0), CoolPLFFPLR(0), HeatPLFFPLR(0), MinPLR(0.0),
MasterZonePtr(0), MasterZoneTUIndex(0), ThermostatPriority(ThermostatCtrlType::Invalid), SchedPriorityPtr(0), ZoneTUListPtr(0),
HeatRecoveryUsed(false), VertPipeLngth(0.0), PCFLengthCoolPtr(0), PCFHeightCool(0.0), EquivPipeLngthCool(0.0),
PipingCorrectionCooling(1.0), PCFLengthHeatPtr(0), PCFHeightHeat(0.0), EquivPipeLngthHeat(0.0), PipingCorrectionHeating(1.0),
CCHeaterPower(0.0), CompressorSizeRatio(0.0), NumCompressors(0), MaxOATCCHeater(0.0), DefrostEIRPtr(0), DefrostFraction(0.0),
DefrostStrategy(StandardRatings::DefrostStrat::Invalid), DefrostControl(StandardRatings::HPdefrostControl::Invalid),
DefrostCapacity(0.0), DefrostPower(0.0), DefrostConsumption(0.0), MaxOATDefrost(0.0),
CondenserType(DataHeatBalance::RefrigCondenserType::Invalid), CondenserNodeNum(0), SkipCondenserNodeNumCheck(false),
PipingCorrectionHeatingPrev(1.0), CCHeaterPower(0.0), CompressorSizeRatio(0.0), NumCompressors(0), MaxOATCCHeater(0.0),
DefrostEIRPtr(0), DefrostFraction(0.0), DefrostStrategy(StandardRatings::DefrostStrat::Invalid),
DefrostControl(StandardRatings::HPdefrostControl::Invalid), DefrostCapacity(0.0), DefrostPower(0.0), DefrostConsumption(0.0),
MaxOATDefrost(0.0), CondenserType(DataHeatBalance::RefrigCondenserType::Invalid), CondenserNodeNum(0), SkipCondenserNodeNumCheck(false),
CondenserOutletNodeNum(0), WaterCondVolFlowRate(0.0), EvapCondEffectiveness(0.0), EvapCondAirVolFlowRate(0.0), EvapCondPumpPower(0.0),
CoolCombRatioPTR(0), HeatCombRatioPTR(0), OperatingMode(0), ElecPower(0.0), ElecCoolingPower(0.0), ElecHeatingPower(0.0),
CoolElecConsumption(0.0), HeatElecConsumption(0.0), CrankCaseHeaterPower(0.0), CrankCaseHeaterElecConsumption(0.0),
Expand Down
4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions testfiles/US+SF+CZ4A+hp+crawlspace+IECC_2006_VRF.idf
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Expand Up @@ -477,8 +477,8 @@
0, !- No Cooling Supply Air Flow Rate {m3/s}
0.595, !- Heating Supply Air Flow Rate {m3/s}
0, !- No Heating Supply Air Flow Rate {m3/s}
autosize, !- Cooling Outdoor Air Flow Rate {m3/s}
autosize, !- Heating Outdoor Air Flow Rate {m3/s}
0, !- Cooling Outdoor Air Flow Rate {m3/s}
0, !- Heating Outdoor Air Flow Rate {m3/s}
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Does including OA flow cause a difference between the sum of TU heating capacity + piping losses and condenser total heating capacity?

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@yujiex yujiex Aug 26, 2024

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it does cause some more difference

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@yujiex yujiex Aug 28, 2024

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@rraustad Here is the output file when the heating cooling air flow rate is autosize
eplusout_when heating cooling air flow rate autosize.xlsx

The following is a snapshot sorted with column O in descending order

image

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If L x M = 9083.83288 * 0.98793126 = 8974.2, which closely matches column K at 8973.19993, then why is the TU heating coil "allowed" to provide more than that "max" heating rate? Is the TU heating coil capacity getting limited by the MaxHeatingCapacity variable? I recall discussing that function LimitTUCapacity should include piping losses.

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Coil capacity should have been limited. Maybe there's some lingering issues there. I will check on that.

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@yujiex yujiex Aug 29, 2024 •
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@rraustad I've changed to just using TU_HeatingLoad for this->TotalHeatingCapacity. Now the total "Heating Coil Heating Rate" and the "VRF Heat Pump Total Heating Rate" equals (regardless of whether the "Heating/Cooling Outdoor Air Flow Rate" is autosize or 0). The following are the outputs for these two cases.

eplusout_0 heating cooling air flow.csv
eplusout_autosize heating cooling air flow.csv

The coil capacity is indeed limited. I set the OU evaporative capacity to 5000W (coil capacity is 10023W). Coil heating rate is less than OU capacity at max speed.

image

0, !- No Load Outdoor Air Flow Rate {m3/s}
VRFFanModeSchedule, !- Supply Air Fan Operating Mode Schedule Name
drawthrough, !- Supply Air Fan Placement
Expand Down