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Create homeostasis-and-response.json
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RasperRevision authored Jul 15, 2024
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[
{
"term": "Homeostasis",
"meaning": "The regulation of the internal conditions of a cell or organism to maintain optimum conditions for function in response to internal and external changes."
},
{
"term": "Receptor",
"meaning": "A type of cell that detects stimuli"
},
{
"term": "Stimulus",
"meaning": "A change in the external or internal environment"
},
{
"term": "Coordination centre",
"meaning": "Receives and processes information from the receptors"
},
{
"term": "Effector",
"meaning": "A muscle or a gland that brings about responses which restore optimum levels"
},
{
"term": "Nervous system",
"meaning": "A system that enables humans to react to their surroundings and coordinate their behaviour"
},
{
"term": "Central nervous system (CNS)",
"meaning": "The part of the nervous system made up of the brain and the spinal cord which coordinates the response of effectors"
},
{
"term": "Neurone (nerve cell)",
"meaning": "Cells which transmit information between one another as electrical impulses"
},
{
"term": "Reflex arc",
"meaning": "The nerve pathway that follows a reflex action. Includes structures such as sensory/relay/motor neurones and synapses."
},
{
"term": "Reflex action",
"meaning": "An automatic and rapid action that doesn't involve the conscious part of the brain."
},
{
"term": "Brain",
"meaning": "An organ made up of billions of interconnected neurones, with several regions that carry out different functions."
},
{
"term": "Medulla oblongata",
"meaning": "The part of the brain responsible for involuntary functions such as breathing."
},
{
"term": "Cerebellum",
"meaning": "The part of the brain responsible for posture and coordination"
},
{
"term": "Cerebral cortex",
"meaning": "The part of the brain responsible for high-level functions including emotions, thoughts, personality etc"
},
{
"term": "Eye",
"meaning": "A sensory organ containing light and colour sensitive receptors"
},
{
"term": "Accommodation",
"meaning": "The process by which the eye adjusts to focus on near or far objects"
},
{
"term": "Pupil dilation/constriction",
"meaning": "The processes by which the eye adjusts to dim or bright light"
},
{
"term": "Myopia",
"meaning": "Also known as short-sightedness - a condition where light is focused in front of the retina. Treated with a concave lens."
},
{
"term": "Hyperopia",
"meaning": "Also known as long-sightedness - a condition where light is focused behind the retina. Treated with a convex lens."
},
{
"term": "Thermoregulatory centre",
"meaning": "The area of the brain containing receptors sensitive to blood temperature and triggers mechanisms accordingly."
},
{
"term": "Vasodilation",
"meaning": "The process where blood vessels expand to allow heat to escape through the epidermis"
},
{
"term": "Vasoconstriction",
"meaning": "The process where blood vessels shrink to prevent heat from escaping through the epidermis"
},
{
"term": "Sweat",
"meaning": "A fluid produced at the sweat glands, which evaporates, taking thermal energy with it. This lowers body temperature."
},
{
"term": "Shivering",
"meaning": "Where skeletal muscles contract and relax very quickly, to release energy as heat."
},
{
"term": "Endocrine system",
"meaning": "The system made up of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream. It is slower than the nervous system but its effects last longer."
},
{
"term": "Hormone",
"meaning": "A chemical secreted by a gland with a target organ where it produces an effect."
},
{
"term": "Pituitary gland",
"meaning": "The master gland, found in the brain, which secretes hormones into the blood that trigger the release of other hormones."
},
{
"term": "Insulin",
"meaning": "A hormone produced by the pancreas causing glucose to leave the blood"
}
]

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