🤖🔬 PathML: Tools for computational pathology

⭐ PathML objective is to lower the barrier to entry to digital pathology

Imaging datasets in cancer research are growing exponentially in both quantity and information density. These massive datasets may enable derivation of insights for cancer research and clinical care, but only if researchers are equipped with the tools to leverage advanced computational analysis approaches such as machine learning and artificial intelligence. In this work, we highlight three themes to guide development of such computational tools: scalability, standardization, and ease of use. We then apply these principles to develop PathML, a general-purpose research toolkit for computational pathology. We describe the design of the PathML framework and demonstrate applications in diverse use cases.

🚀 The fastest way to get started?

docker pull pathml/pathml && docker run -it -p 8888:8888 pathml/pathml

Branch	Test status
master
dev

Please note that the 🚧 dev branch is under active development, with experimental features, bug fixes, and refactors that may happen at any time! Stable versions are available as tagged releases on GitHub, or as versioned releases on PyPI

📖 Official Documentation

View the official PathML Documentation on readthedocs**

🔥 Examples! Examples! Examples!

↴ Jump to the gallery of examples below

1. Installation

There are several ways to install PathML:

1. pip install from PyPI (recommended for users)
2. Clone repo to local machine and install from source (recommended for developers/contributors)
3. Use the PathML Docker container
4. Install in Google Colab

Options (1), (2), and (4) require that you first install all external dependencies:

• openslide
• JDK 8

We recommend using conda for environment management. Download Miniconda here

Note: these instructions are for Linux. Commands may be different for other platforms.

1.1 Installation option 1: pip install

Create conda environment, this step is common to all platforms (Linux, Mac, Windows):

conda create --name pathml python=3.8
conda activate pathml

Install external dependencies (for Linux) with Apt:

sudo apt-get install openslide-tools g++ gcc libblas-dev liblapack-dev

Install external dependencies (for MacOS) with Brew:

brew install openslide

Install external dependencies (for Windows) with vcpkg:

vcpkg install openslide

Install OpenJDK 8, this step is common to all platforms (Linux, Mac, Windows):

conda install openjdk==8.0.152

Optionally install CUDA (instructions here)

Install PathML from PyPI:

pip install pathml

1.2 Installation option 2: clone repo and install from source

Clone repo:

git clone https://github.com/Dana-Farber-AIOS/pathml.git
cd pathml

Create conda environment:

conda env create -f environment.yml
conda activate pathml

Optionally install CUDA (instructions here)

Install PathML from source:

pip install -e .

1.3 Installation option 3: Docker

First, download or build the PathML Docker container:

• Option A: download PathML container from Docker Hub

  docker pull pathml/pathml:latest
  

  Optionally specify a tag for a particular version, e.g. docker pull pathml/pathml:2.0.2. To view possible tags, please refer to the PathML DockerHub page.

• Option B: build docker container from source

  git clone https://github.com/Dana-Farber-AIOS/pathml.git
  cd pathml
  docker build -t pathml/pathml .
  

Then connect to the container:

docker run -it -p 8888:8888 pathml/pathml

The above command runs the container, which is configured to spin up a jupyter lab session and expose it on port 8888. The terminal should display a URL to the jupyter lab session starting with http://127.0.0.1:8888/lab?token=<.....>. Navigate to that page and you should connect to the jupyter lab session running on the container with the pathml environment fully configured. If a password is requested, copy the string of characters following the token= in the url.

Note that the docker container requires extra configurations to use with GPU.
Note that these instructions assume that there are no other processes using port 8888.

Please refer to the Docker run documentation for further instructions on accessing the container, e.g. for mounting volumes to access files on a local machine from within the container.

1.4 Installation option 4: Google Colab

To get PathML running in a Colab environment:

import os
!pip install openslide-python
!apt-get install openslide-tools
!apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk-headless -qq > /dev/null
os.environ["JAVA_HOME"] = "/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64"
!update-alternatives --set java /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java
!java -version
!pip install pathml

PathML Tutorials we published in Google Colab

1. PathML Tutorial Colab #1 - Load an SVS image in PathML and see the image descriptors
2. Now that you have PathML installed, all our other examples would work too - Only make sure you select an appropriately sized backend or VM in CoLab (i.e., RAM, CPU, Disk, and GPU if necessary)

Thanks to all of our open-source collaborators for helping maintain these installation instructions!
Please open an issue for any bugs or other problems during installation process.

1.5 CUDA (optional)

To use GPU acceleration for model training or other tasks, you must install CUDA. This guide should work, but for the most up-to-date instructions, refer to the official PyTorch installation instructions.

Check the version of CUDA:

nvidia-smi

Install correct version of cudatoolkit:

# update this command with your CUDA version number
conda install cudatoolkit=11.0

After installing PyTorch, optionally verify successful PyTorch installation with CUDA support:

python -c "import torch; print(torch.cuda.is_available())"

2. Using with Jupyter (optional)

Jupyter notebooks are a convenient way to work interactively. To use PathML in Jupyter notebooks:

2.1 Set JAVA_HOME environment variable

PathML relies on Java to enable support for reading a wide range of file formats. Before using PathML in Jupyter, you may need to manually set the JAVA_HOME environment variable specifying the path to Java. To do so:

1. Get the path to Java by running echo $JAVA_HOME in the terminal in your pathml conda environment (outside of Jupyter)
2. Set that path as the JAVA_HOME environment variable in Jupyter:

   import os
   os.environ["JAVA_HOME"] = "/opt/conda/envs/pathml" # change path as needed
   

2.2 Register environment as an IPython kernel

conda activate pathml
conda install ipykernel
python -m ipykernel install --user --name=pathml

This makes the pathml environment available as a kernel in jupyter lab or notebook.

3. Examples

Now that you are all set with PathML installation, let's get started with some analyses you can easily replicate:

Load over 160+ different types of pathology images using PathML H&E Stain Deconvolution and Color Normalization Brightfield imaging pipeline: load an image, preprocess it on a local cluster, and get it read for machine learning analyses in PyTorch Multiparametric Imaging: Quickstart & single-cell quantification Multiparametric Imaging: CODEX & nuclei quantization Train HoVer-Net model to perform nucleus detection and classification, using data from PanNuke dataset Gallery of PathML preprocessing and transformations

4. Citing & known uses

If you use PathML please cite:

• J. Rosenthal et al., "Building tools for machine learning and artificial intelligence in cancer research: best practices and a case study with the PathML toolkit for computational pathology." Molecular Cancer Research, 2022.

So far, PathML was referenced in 20+ manuscripts:

• A. Song et al. Nature Reviews Bioengineering 2023
• I. Virshup et al. Nature Bioengineering 2023
• A. Karargyris et al. Nature Machine Intelligence 2023
• S. Pati et al. Nature Communications Engineering 2023
• C. Gorman et al. Nature Communications 2023
• J. Nyman et al. Cell Reports Medicine 2023
• A. Shmatko et al. Nature Cancer 2022
• J. Pocock et al. Nature Communications Medicine 2022
• S. Orsulic et al. Frontiers in Oncology 2022
• D. Brundage et al. arXiv 2022
• C. Lama et al. bioRxiv 2022
• J. Linares et al. Molecular Cell 2021
• the list continues here 🔗

5. Users

This is where in the world our most enthusiastic supporters are located:

and this is where they work:

Source: https://ossinsight.io/analyze/Dana-Farber-AIOS/pathml#people

6. Contributing

PathML is an open source project. Consider contributing to benefit the entire community!

There are many ways to contribute to PathML, including:

• Submitting bug reports
• Submitting feature requests
• Writing documentation and examples
• Fixing bugs
• Writing code for new features
• Sharing workflows
• Sharing trained model parameters
• Sharing PathML with colleagues, students, etc.

See contributing for more details.

7. License

The GNU GPL v2 version of PathML is made available via Open Source licensing. The user is free to use, modify, and distribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2.

Commercial license options are available also.

8. Contact

Questions? Comments? Suggestions? Get in touch!

[email protected]