changed 15-02, created 15-03

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ add_executable( example_14-03 example_14-03.cpp )
 add_executable( example_14-04 example_14-04.cpp )
 add_executable( example_15-01 example_15-01.cpp )
 add_executable( example_15-02 example_15-02.cpp )
+add_executable( example_15-03 example_15-03.cpp )
 add_executable( example_15-04 example_15-04.cpp )
 #...
 add_executable( example_16-01 example_16-01.cpp )
@@ -94,6 +95,7 @@ target_link_libraries( example_14-03 ${OpenCV_LIBS} )
 target_link_libraries( example_14-04 ${OpenCV_LIBS} )
 target_link_libraries( example_15-01 ${OpenCV_LIBS} )
 target_link_libraries( example_15-02 ${OpenCV_LIBS} )
+target_link_libraries( example_15-03 ${OpenCV_LIBS} )
 target_link_libraries( example_15-04 ${OpenCV_LIBS} )
 #...
 target_link_libraries( example_16-01 ${OpenCV_LIBS} )

example_15-02.cpp

@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ cv::Mat Imaskt;
 
 // Thresholds
 //
-float high_thresh = 15.0;  //scaling the thesholds in backgroundDiff()
-float low_thresh = 13.0;
+float high_thresh = 20.0;  //scaling the thesholds in backgroundDiff()
+float low_thresh = 28.0;
 
 // Counts number of images learned for averaging later
 //
@@ -134,6 +134,7 @@ void showForgroundInRed( char** argv, const cv::Mat &img) {
 		Igray[2] = cv::max( mask, Igray[2] );
 		cv::merge( Igray, rawImage );
 		cv::imshow( argv[0], rawImage );
+		cv::imshow("Segmentation", mask);
 }
 
 void adjustThresholds(char** argv, cv::Mat &img) {
@@ -189,11 +190,13 @@ int main( int argc, char** argv) {
 
 	// SECOND PROCESSING LOOP (TESTING):
 	//
+	cv::namedWindow("Segmentation", cv::WINDOW_AUTOSIZE ); //For the mask image
 	while((key = cv::waitKey()) != 27 || key == 'q' || key == 'Q'  ) { // esc, 'q' or 'Q' to exit
 		cap >> image;
 		if( !image.data ) exit(0);
 		cout <<  frame_count++ << endl;
 		backgroundDiff( image, mask );
+		cv::imshow("Segmentation", mask);
 
 		// A simple visualization is to write to the red channel
 		//

example_15-03.cpp

@@ -1,18 +1,27 @@
 //Example 15-3. Computing the on and off-diagonal elements of a variance/covariance model
+#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
+#include <vector>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <fstream>
+
+using namespace std;
 
 vector<cv::Mat> planes(3);
 vector<cv::Mat> sums(3);
 vector<cv::Mat> xysums(6);
+cv::Mat sum, sqsum;
 int image_count = 0;
 
 //A function to accumulate
 // the information we need for our variance computation:
+//
 void accumulateVariance(
-	cv::Mat& I
-) {
-	if( sum.empty ) {
+	cv::Mat& I) {
+	if( sum.empty() ) {
 		sum = cv::Mat::zeros( I.size(), CV_32FC(I.channels()) );
 		sqsum = cv::Mat::zeros( I.size(), CV_32FC(I.channels()) );
+		image_count = 0;
 	}
 	cv::accumulate( I, sum );
 	cv::accumulateSquare( I, sqsum );
@@ -23,29 +32,43 @@ void accumulateVariance(
 // (note that 'variance' is sigma^2)
 //
 void computeVariance(
-	cv::Mat& variance
-	) {
+	cv::Mat& variance) {
 	double one_by_N = 1.0 / image_count;
-	variance = one_by_N * sqsum – (one_by_N * one_by_N) * sum.mul(sum);
+	variance = (one_by_N * sqsum) - ((one_by_N * one_by_N) * sum.mul(sum));
 }
 
+//Same as above function, but compute standard deviation
+void computeStdev(
+	cv::Mat& std__) {
+	double one_by_N = 1.0 / image_count;
+	cv::sqrt(((one_by_N * sqsum) -((one_by_N * one_by_N) * sum.mul(sum))), std__);
+}
 
+//And avg images
+void computeAvg(
+	cv::Mat& av) {
+	double one_by_N = 1.0 / image_count;
+	av = one_by_N * sum;
+}
+
+// ===================================================================//
 
 
 void accumulateCovariance(
 cv::Mat& I
 ) {
 	int i, j, n;
 
-	if( sum.empty ) {
+	if( sum.empty() ) {
+		image_count = 0;
 		for( i=0; i<3; i++ ) {
 			// the r, g, and b sums
 			sums[i]
-			= cv::Mat::zeros( I.size(), CV::F32C1 );
+			= cv::Mat::zeros( I.size(), CV_32FC1 );
 		}
 		for( n=0; n<6; n++ ) {
 			// the rr, rg, rb, gg, gb, and bb elements
-			xysums[n] = cv::Mat::zeros( I.size(), CV::F32C1 ) );
+			xysums[n] = cv::Mat::zeros( I.size(), CV_32FC1 );
 		}
 	}
 	cv::split( I, planes );
@@ -64,11 +87,11 @@ cv::Mat& I
 	image_count++;
 }
 
-//The corresponding compute function is also just a slight extension of the compute
-//function for the variances we saw earlier.
+//The corresponding compute function is also just a slight extension of 
+//the compute function for the variances we saw earlier.
 //   note that 'variance' is sigma^2
 //
-void computeVariance(
+void computeCoariance(
 	cv::Mat& covariance
 	// a six-channel array, channels are the
 	// rr, rg, rb, gg, gb, and bb elements of Sigma_xy
@@ -83,12 +106,203 @@ void computeVariance(
 		for( int j=i; j<3; j++ ) {
 			// "column" of Sigma
 			n++;
-			xysums[n] = one_by_N * xysums[n]
-			– (one_by_N * one_by_N) * sums[i].mul(sums[j]);
+			xysums[n] = (one_by_N * xysums[n])
+			- ((one_by_N * one_by_N) * sums[i].mul(sums[j]));
 		}
 	}
 
 	// reassemble the six individual elements into a six-channel array
 	//
 	cv::merge( xysums, covariance );
 }
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+/////////////Utilities to run///////////////////////////////////////////
+
+void help(char** argv ) {
+	cout << "\n"
+	<< "Compute mean and std on <#frames to train on> frames of an incoming video, then run the model\n"
+	<< argv[0] <<" <#frames to train on> <avi_path/filename>\n"
+	<< "For example:\n"
+	<< argv[0] << " 50 ../tree.avi\n"
+	<< "'a' to adjust thresholds, esc, 'q' or 'Q' to quit"
+	<< endl;
+}
+
+//////////////  Borrowed code from example_15-02  //////////////////////
+
+// Global storage
+//
+// Float, 3-channel images
+//
+cv::Mat image; // movie frame
+cv::Mat IavgF, IdiffF, IhiF, IlowF; //threshold
+cv::Mat tmp, mask; //scratch and our mask
+
+// Float, 1-channel images
+//
+vector<cv::Mat> Igray(3); //scratch to split image
+vector<cv::Mat> Ilow(3);//low per pixel thresh
+vector<cv::Mat> Ihi(3); //high per pixel thresh
+
+// Byte, 1-channel image
+//
+cv::Mat Imaskt; //Temp mask
+
+// Thresholds
+//
+float high_thresh = 21.0;  //scaling the thesholds in backgroundDiff()
+float low_thresh = 2.0;    //
+
+// I is just a sample image for allocation purposes
+// (passed in for sizing)
+//
+void AllocateImages( const cv::Mat& I ) {
+	cv::Size sz = I.size();
+	IavgF = cv::Mat::zeros(sz, CV_32FC3 ); 
+	IdiffF = cv::Mat::zeros(sz, CV_32FC3 ); 
+	IhiF = cv::Mat::zeros(sz, CV_32FC3 ); 
+	IlowF = cv::Mat::zeros(sz, CV_32FC3 );
+	tmp = cv::Mat::zeros( sz, CV_32FC3 ); 
+	Imaskt = cv::Mat( sz, CV_32FC1 ); 
+}
+
+
+void setHighThreshold( float scale ) {
+	IhiF = IavgF + (IdiffF * scale);
+	cv::split( IhiF, Ihi );
+}
+
+void setLowThreshold( float scale ) {
+	IlowF = IavgF - (IdiffF * scale);
+	cv::split( IlowF, Ilow );
+}
+
+void createModelsfromStats() {
+	//IavgF is already set;
+	//IdiffF is the standard deviation image...
+
+	// Make sure diff is always something
+	//
+	IdiffF += cv::Scalar( 0.1, 0.1, 0.1 );
+	setHighThreshold( high_thresh);
+	setLowThreshold( low_thresh);
+}
+
+
+// Create a binary: 0,255 mask where 255 (red) means foreground pixel
+// I      Input image, 3-channel, 8u
+// Imask  Mask image to be created, 1-channel 8u
+//
+void backgroundDiff(
+		cv::Mat& I,
+		cv::Mat& Imask) {
+
+	I.convertTo( tmp, CV_32F ); // To float
+	cv::split( tmp, Igray );
+
+	// Channel 1
+	//
+	cv::inRange( Igray[0], Ilow[0], Ihi[0], Imask );
+
+	// Channel 2
+	//
+	cv::inRange( Igray[1], Ilow[1], Ihi[1], Imaskt );
+	Imask = cv::min( Imask, Imaskt );
+
+	// Channel 3
+	//
+	cv::inRange( Igray[2], Ilow[2], Ihi[2], Imaskt );
+	Imask = cv::min( Imask, Imaskt );
+
+	// Finally, invert the results
+	//
+	Imask = 255 - Imask;
+}
+
+
+void showForgroundInRed( char** argv, const cv::Mat &img) {
+		cv::Mat rawImage;
+		cv::split( img, Igray );
+		Igray[2] = cv::max( mask, Igray[2] );
+		cv::merge( Igray, rawImage );
+		cv::imshow( argv[0], rawImage );
+		cv::imshow("Segmentation", mask);
+}
+
+void adjustThresholds(char** argv, cv::Mat &img) {
+	int key = 1;
+	while((key = cv::waitKey()) != 27 && key != 'Q' && key != 'q')  // Esc or Q or q to exit
+	{
+		if(key == 'L') { low_thresh += 0.2;}
+		if(key == 'l') { low_thresh -= 0.2;}	
+		if(key == 'H') { high_thresh += 0.2;}
+		if(key == 'h') { high_thresh -= 0.2;}
+		cout << "H or h, L or l, esq or q to quit;  high_thresh = " << high_thresh << ", " << "low_thresh = " << low_thresh << endl;
+		setHighThreshold(high_thresh);
+		setLowThreshold(low_thresh);
+		backgroundDiff(img, mask);
+		showForgroundInRed(argv, img);
+	}
+}
+
+int main( int argc, char** argv) {
+	cv::namedWindow( argv[0], cv::WINDOW_AUTOSIZE );
+	cv::VideoCapture cap;
+	if((argc < 3)|| !cap.open(argv[2])) {
+		cerr << "Couldn't run the program" << endl;
+		help(argv);
+		cap.open(0);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	int number_to_train_on = atoi( argv[1] );
+
+	// FIRST PROCESSING LOOP (TRAINING):
+	//
+	int image_count = 0;
+	int key;
+	bool first_frame = true;
+	cout << "Total frames to train on = " << number_to_train_on << endl; //db
+	while(1) {
+		cout << "frame#: " << image_count << endl;
+		cap >> image;
+		if( !image.data ) exit(1); // Something went wrong, abort
+		if(image_count == 0) AllocateImages( image ); 
+		accumulateVariance(image);
+		cv::imshow( argv[0], image );
+		image_count++;
+		if( (key = cv::waitKey(7)) == 27 || key == 'q' || key == 'Q' || image_count >= number_to_train_on) break; //Allow early exit on space, esc, q
+	}
+
+	// We have accumulated our training, now create the models
+	//
+	cout << "Creating the background model" << endl;
+	computeAvg(IavgF);
+	computeStdev(IdiffF);
+	createModelsfromStats();
+	cout << "Done!  Hit any key to continue into single step. Hit 'a' or 'A' to adjust thresholds, esq, 'q' or 'Q' to quit\n" << endl;
+
+	// SECOND PROCESSING LOOP (TESTING):
+	//
+	cv::namedWindow("Segmentation", cv::WINDOW_AUTOSIZE ); //For the mask image
+	while((key = cv::waitKey()) != 27 || key == 'q' || key == 'Q'  ) { // esc, 'q' or 'Q' to exit
+		cap >> image;
+		if( !image.data ) exit(0);
+		cout <<  image_count++ << endl;
+		backgroundDiff( image, mask );
+		cv::imshow("Segmentation", mask);
+
+		// A simple visualization is to write to the red channel
+		//
+		showForgroundInRed( argv, image);
+		if(key == 'a') {
+			cout << "In adjust thresholds, 'H' or 'h' == high thresh up or down; 'L' or 'l' for low thresh up or down." << endl;
+			cout << " esq, 'q' or 'Q' to quit " << endl;
+			adjustThresholds(argv, image);
+			cout << "Done with adjustThreshold, back to frame stepping, esq, q or Q to quit." << endl;
+		}
+	}
+	exit(0);
+}
+
+