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Get-ADDBAccount.md

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external help file Module Name online version schema
DSInternals.PowerShell.dll-Help.xml
DSInternals
2.0.0

Get-ADDBAccount

SYNOPSIS

Reads one or more accounts from a ntds.dit file, including secret attributes.

SYNTAX

All

Get-ADDBAccount [-All] [-BootKey <Byte[]>] -DatabasePath <String> [-LogPath <String>] [<CommonParameters>]

ByName

Get-ADDBAccount [-BootKey <Byte[]>] [-SamAccountName] <String> -DatabasePath <String> [-LogPath <String>]
 [<CommonParameters>]

BySID

Get-ADDBAccount [-BootKey <Byte[]>] -ObjectSid <SecurityIdentifier> -DatabasePath <String> [-LogPath <String>]
 [<CommonParameters>]

ByDN

Get-ADDBAccount [-BootKey <Byte[]>] -DistinguishedName <String> -DatabasePath <String> [-LogPath <String>]
 [<CommonParameters>]

ByGuid

Get-ADDBAccount [-BootKey <Byte[]>] -ObjectGuid <Guid> -DatabasePath <String> [-LogPath <String>]
 [<CommonParameters>]

DESCRIPTION

Reads one or more accounts from an Active Directory database file. When provided with a boot key (AKA SysKey or system key), it also decrypts secret attributes.

EXAMPLES

Example 1

PS C:\> Get-ADDBAccount -SamAccountName Administrator `
                        -DatabasePath 'C:\IFM Backup\Active Directory\ntds.dit'
<# Sample Output:
DistinguishedName: CN=Administrator,CN=Users,DC=contoso,DC=com
Sid: S-1-5-21-1236425271-2880748467-2592687428-500
Guid: b3d02974-6b1c-484c-9103-fd2f60d592c4
SamAccountName: Administrator
SamAccountType: User
UserPrincipalName:
PrimaryGroupId: 513
SidHistory:
Enabled: True
UserAccountControl: NormalAccount, PasswordNeverExpires
SupportedEncryptionTypes: Default
AdminCount: True
Deleted: False
LastLogonDate: 2/23/2015 10:27:18 AM
DisplayName:
GivenName:
Surname:
Description: Built-in account for administering the computer/domain
ServicePrincipalName:
SecurityDescriptor: DiscretionaryAclPresent, SystemAclPresent, DiscretionaryAclAutoInherited, SystemAclAutoInherited, DiscretionaryAclProtected, SelfRelative
Owner: S-1-5-21-1236425271-2880748467-2592687428-512
Secrets
  NTHash:
  LMHash:
  NTHashHistory:
  LMHashHistory:
  SupplementalCredentials:
Key Credentials:
Credential Roaming
  Created:
  Modified:
  Credentials:
#>

Retrieves information about a single account from an Active Directory database. Secret attributes are not decrypted as no boot key is provided.

Example 2

PS C:\> $key = Get-BootKey -SystemHiveFilePath 'C:\IFM Backup\registry\SYSTEM'
PS C:\> Get-ADDBAccount -DistinguishedName: 'CN=Joe Smith,OU=Employees,DC=contoso,DC=com' `
                        -BootKey $key `
                        -DatabasePath 'C:\IFM Backup\Active Directory\ntds.dit'
<# Sample Output:
DistinguishedName: CN=Joe Smith,OU=Employees,DC=contoso,DC=com
Sid: S-1-5-21-1236425271-2880748467-2592687428-1110
Guid: 6fb7aca4-fe85-4dc5-9acd-b5b2529fe2bc
SamAccountName: joe
SamAccountType: User
UserPrincipalName: [email protected]
PrimaryGroupId: 513
SidHistory:
Enabled: True
UserAccountControl: NormalAccount, PasswordNeverExpires
SupportedEncryptionTypes: Default
AdminCount: False
Deleted: False
LastLogonDate:  2/23/2015 10:27:18 AM
DisplayName: Joe Smith
GivenName: Joe
Surname: Smith
Description:
ServicePrincipalName:
SecurityDescriptor: DiscretionaryAclPresent, SystemAclPresent, DiscretionaryAclAutoInherited, SystemAclAutoInherited, SelfRelative
Owner: S-1-5-21-1236425271-2880748467-2592687428-512
Secrets
  NTHash: 92937945b518814341de3f726500d4ff
  LMHash:
  NTHashHistory:
    Hash 01: 92937945b518814341de3f726500d4ff
  LMHashHistory:
    Hash 01: 30ce97eef1084cf1656cc4be70d68600
  SupplementalCredentials:
    ClearText:
    NTLMStrongHash: 2c6d57beebeafdae65b3f40f2a0d5430
    Kerberos:
      Credentials:
        DES_CBC_MD5
          Key: 7f16bc4ada0b8a52
      OldCredentials:
      Salt: CONTOSO.COMjoe
      Flags: 0
    KerberosNew:
      Credentials:
        AES256_CTS_HMAC_SHA1_96
          Key: cd541be0838c787b5c6a34d7b19274aee613545a0e6cc6f5ac5918d8a464d24f
          Iterations: 4096
        AES128_CTS_HMAC_SHA1_96
          Key: 5c88972747bd454704c117ae52c474e4
          Iterations: 4096
        DES_CBC_MD5
          Key: 7f16bc4ada0b8a52
          Iterations: 4096
      OldCredentials:
      OlderCredentials:
      ServiceCredentials:
      Salt: CONTOSO.COMjoe
      DefaultIterationCount: 4096
      Flags: 0
    WDigest:
      Hash 01: 61fed940f0e8d03a49d3727f55800497
      Hash 02: a1d54499dda6a6b5431f29a8d741a640
      Hash 03: b6cdf00bc0c4578992f718de81251721
      Hash 04: 61fed940f0e8d03a49d3727f55800497
      Hash 05: a1d54499dda6a6b5431f29a8d741a640
      Hash 06: 9a8991bd99763df2e37f1e1e67d71cc8
      Hash 07: 61fed940f0e8d03a49d3727f55800497
      Hash 08: 8a9fe94883c8ccf3bcfc6591ddd2288f
      Hash 09: 8a9fe94883c8ccf3bcfc6591ddd2288f
      Hash 10: 1b7b16b49ecd8d9d59c1d0db6fa2cc36
      Hash 11: d4c24695cfa4dc3810a469d5efb8ecaf
      Hash 12: 8a9fe94883c8ccf3bcfc6591ddd2288f
      Hash 13: a5b8aa5088280298c8c27fa99dcaa1e3
      Hash 14: d4c24695cfa4dc3810a469d5efb8ecaf
      Hash 15: 1aa8e567622fe53d6fb36f1f34f12aaa
      Hash 16: 1aa8e567622fe53d6fb36f1f34f12aaa
      Hash 17: 2af425244079f8f45927c34fa115e45b
      Hash 18: cf283a35102b820e25003b1ddf270221
      Hash 19: b98c902c57449253e6f06b5d585866bd
      Hash 20: 2a690b1eeda9cb8f3157a4a3ba0be9c3
      Hash 21: af2654776d5f9f27f3283ecb0aa25011
      Hash 22: af2654776d5f9f27f3283ecb0aa25011
      Hash 23: ba6fe0513ed2a60ec253a41bbde6a837
      Hash 24: 8bf5a67b598087be948e040f85c72b4d
      Hash 25: 8bf5a67b598087be948e040f85c72b4d
      Hash 26: aa5ff46d23a5c7ebd603e1793225350d
      Hash 27: 656b6a7f5b52d05b3ce9168a2b7ac8ac
      Hash 28: ae884c92ecd87e8d54f1844f09c5a519
      Hash 29: a500a9e26afc9f817df8a07e15771577
Key Credentials:
  Usage=NGC, Source=ActiveDirectory, Device=1966d4da-14da-4581-a7a7-5e8e07e93ad9, Created=8/1/2019 10:53:12 PM, LastLogon=8/1/2019 10:53:12 PM
  Usage=NGC, Source=ActiveDirectory, Device=cfe9a872-13ff-4751-a777-aec88c30a762, Created=8/1/2019 11:09:15 PM, LastLogon=8/1/2019 11:09:15 PM
Credential Roaming
  Created: 3/12/2017 9:15:56 AM
  Modified: 3/13/2017 10:01:18 AM
  Credentials:
    DPAPIMasterKey: joe\Protect\S-1-5-21-1236425271-2880748467-2592687428-1110\47070660-c259-4d90-8bc9-187605323450
    DPAPIMasterKey: joe\Protect\S-1-5-21-1236425271-2880748467-2592687428-1110\7fc19508-7b85-4a7c-9e5d-15f9e00e7ce5
    CryptoApiCertificate: joe\SystemCertificates\My\Certificates\574E4687133998544C0095C7B348C52CD398182E
    CNGCertificate: joe\SystemCertificates\My\Certificates\3B83BFA7037F6A79B3F3D17D229E1BC097F35B51
    RSAPrivateKey: joe\Crypto\RSA\S-1-5-21-1236425271-2880748467-2592687428-1110\701577141985b6923998dcca035c007a_f8b7bbef-d227-4ac7-badd-3a238a7f741e
    CNGPrivateKey: joe\Crypto\Keys\E8F13C2BA0209401C4DFE839CD57375E26BBE38F
#>

Retrieves information about a single account from an Active Directory database. Secret attributes are decrypted using the provided boot key.

Example 3

PS C:\> $results = Get-ADDBAccount -DatabasePath '.\Active Directory\ntds.dit' `
                                   -BootKey acdba64a3929261b04e5270c3ef973cf `
                                   -All  |
                   Test-PasswordQuality -WeakPasswordHashesSortedFile pwned-passwords-ntlm-ordered-by-hash-v5.txt

Performs an offline credential hygiene audit of AD database against HIBP.

Example 4

PS C:\> Get-ADDBAccount -All -DatabasePath ntds.dit -BootKey $key |
            Format-Custom -View PwDump |
            Out-File -FilePath users.pwdump -Encoding ascii

Exports NT and LM password hashes from an Active Directory database to a pwdump file.

Example 5

PS C:\> Get-ADDBBackupKey -DatabasePath '.\ADBackup\Active Directory\ntds.dit' `
                          -BootKey 0be7a2afe1713642182e9b96f73a75da |
            Save-DPAPIBlob -DirectoryPath '.\Output'
PS C:\> Get-ADDBAccount -All -DatabasePath '.\ADBackup\Active Directory\ntds.dit' |
            Save-DPAPIBlob -DirectoryPath '.\Output'

Extracts DPAPI backup keys and roamed credentials (certificates, private keys, and DPAPI master keys) from an Active Directory database file and saves them to the Output directory. Also creates a file called kiwiscript.txt that contains mimikatz commands needed to decrypt the private keys.

Example 6

PS C:\> Get-ADDBAccount -All -DatabasePath '.\ADBackup\Active Directory\ntds.dit' |
            Select-Object -ExpandProperty KeyCredentials |
            Where-Object Usage -eq NGC |
            Format-Table -View ROCA
<# Sample Output:

Usage IsWeak Source  DeviceId                             Created    Owner
----- ------ ------  --------                             -------    -----
NGC   True   AzureAD fd591087-245c-4ff5-a5ea-c14de5e2b32d 2017-07-19 CN=John Doe,CN=Users,DC=contoso,DC=com
NGC   False  AD      1966d4da-14da-4581-a7a7-5e8e07e93ad9 2019-08-01 CN=Jane Doe,CN=Users,DC=contoso,DC=com
#>

Lists weak public keys registered in Active Directory that were generated on ROCA-vulnerable TPMs.

Example 7

PS C:\> $dc = Get-ADDBDomainController -DatabasePath '.\ADBackup\Active Directory\ntds.dit'
PS C:\> $adminSid = '{0}-500' -f $dc.DomainSid           
PS C:\> $account = Get-ADDBAccount -Sid $adminSid `
                                   -DatabasePath '.\ADBackup\Active Directory\ntds.dit' `
                                   -BootKey 0be7a2afe1713642182e9b96f73a75da

Retrieves information about a the the built-in Administrator account, even if it was renamed.

PARAMETERS

-All

Indicates that all accounts will be read from the selected database.

Type: SwitchParameter
Parameter Sets: All
Aliases: AllAccounts, ReturnAllAccounts

Required: True
Position: Named
Default value: None
Accept pipeline input: False
Accept wildcard characters: False

-BootKey

Specifies the boot key (AKA system key) that will be used to decrypt values of secret attributes.

Type: Byte[]
Parameter Sets: (All)
Aliases: key, SysKey, SystemKey

Required: False
Position: Named
Default value: None
Accept pipeline input: False
Accept wildcard characters: False

-DatabasePath

Specifies the path to a domain database, for instance, C:\Windows\NTDS\ntds.dit.

Type: String
Parameter Sets: (All)
Aliases: Database, DBPath, DatabaseFilePath, DBFilePath

Required: True
Position: Named
Default value: None
Accept pipeline input: False
Accept wildcard characters: False

-DistinguishedName

Specifies the identifier of an account that will be retrieved from the database.

Type: String
Parameter Sets: ByDN
Aliases: dn

Required: True
Position: Named
Default value: None
Accept pipeline input: True (ByPropertyName)
Accept wildcard characters: False

-LogPath

Specifies the path to a directory where the transaction log files are located. For instance, C:\Windows\NTDS. The default log directory is the one that contains the database file itself.

Type: String
Parameter Sets: (All)
Aliases: Log, TransactionLogPath

Required: False
Position: Named
Default value: None
Accept pipeline input: False
Accept wildcard characters: False

-ObjectGuid

Specifies the identifier of an account that will be retrieved from the database.

Type: Guid
Parameter Sets: ByGuid
Aliases: Guid

Required: True
Position: Named
Default value: None
Accept pipeline input: True (ByPropertyName)
Accept wildcard characters: False

-ObjectSid

Specifies the identifier of an account that will be retrieved from the database.

Type: SecurityIdentifier
Parameter Sets: BySID
Aliases: Sid

Required: True
Position: Named
Default value: None
Accept pipeline input: True (ByPropertyName)
Accept wildcard characters: False

-SamAccountName

Specifies the identifier of an account that will be retrieved from the database.

Type: String
Parameter Sets: ByName
Aliases: Login, sam

Required: True
Position: 0
Default value: None
Accept pipeline input: True (ByPropertyName)
Accept wildcard characters: False

CommonParameters

This cmdlet supports the common parameters: -Debug, -ErrorAction, -ErrorVariable, -InformationAction, -InformationVariable, -OutVariable, -OutBuffer, -PipelineVariable, -Verbose, -WarningAction, and -WarningVariable. For more information, see about_CommonParameters.

INPUTS

System.String

System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier

System.Guid

OUTPUTS

DSInternals.Common.Data.DSAccount

NOTES

RELATED LINKS

Get-BootKey Get-ADReplAccount Get-ADSIAccount Test-PasswordQuality Save-DPAPIBlob Get-ADKeyCredential