[MNT] cluster init_algorithm removed across all clusterers

[chrisholder]

Reference Issues/PRs

#2306

What does this implement/fix? Explain your changes.

This PR remove all instances of init_algorithm in the clustering module. Init_algorithm has already been removed from kmeans (#2306) but this removal wasn't done across the whole module. This PR does that.

Does your contribution introduce a new dependency? If yes, which one?

Any other comments?

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I have added the following labels to this PR based on the title: [ $\color{#EC843A}{\textsf{maintenance}}$ ].
I have added the following labels to this PR based on the changes made: [ $\color{#4011F3}{\textsf{clustering}}$ ]. Feel free to change these if they do not properly represent the PR.

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