feat(rust/sedona): Improve sd_random_geometry() and expose as a Python function

[paleolimbot]

This PR improves the table function sd_random_geometry() in a few ways:

• Parameters are now validated. Before it was easy to make the data generator panic by inputting nonsensical values. These values now error usefully rather than crash the Python/SQL session.
• The number of rows output by the table function is now exact. Most actual usage of the function was long the lines of SELECT * FROM sd_random_geometry() LIMIT ... and respecting an exact value made it possible to use the Python wrapper more compactly to replace existing SQL text usage.
• Polygon holes are now generated in such a way that the geometry is always (hopefully) valid. Before we were applying a random rotation to the shell and the hole independently which led to intersecting edges in some cases.
• Argument names are shorter and can be specified more compactly (e.g., `"size": 4"). In SQL these are typed as JSON and in Python the extra long Rust names were a bit ugly. Maybe the Rust names should be shorter too but that is mostly internal/test usage (and there is autocomplete to help).

I did as much of possible of this in Rust to ensure that the Python and SQL versions of the function are aligned (and to make it easier to add an R binding later).

This PR also implements a Python wrapper to make it easy to call this function (this was the original intent of this PR!). I also replaced any SELECT * FROM sd_random_geometry() with the Python version (sd.funcs.table.sd_random_geometry(...)) which made many of the tests much shorter.

import sedona.db

sd = sedona.db.connect()
sd.funcs.table.sd_random_geometry("Point", 5, seed=398).show()
#> ┌───────┬───────────────────┬─────────────────────────────────────────────┐
#> │   id  ┆        dist       ┆                   geometry                  │
#> │ int32 ┆      float64      ┆                   geometry                  │
#> ╞═══════╪═══════════════════╪═════════════════════════════════════════════╡
#> │     0 ┆ 87.44080142454678 ┆ POINT(26.260051231847005 71.23812535164866) │
#> ├╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┼╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┼╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┤
#> │     1 ┆ 65.64801018718806 ┆ POINT(46.27832897550079 35.056727892322506) │
#> ├╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┼╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┼╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┤
#> │     2 ┆   91.319203207724 ┆ POINT(17.87026960981337 25.00219940022248)  │
#> ├╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┼╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┼╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┤
#> │     3 ┆ 71.84735302805376 ┆ POINT(76.60472252678774 37.79648618764681)  │
#> ├╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┼╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┼╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┤
#> │     4 ┆ 8.731744436070565 ┆ POINT(6.703936773673624 79.32432691523339)  │
#> └───────┴───────────────────┴─────────────────────────────────────────────┘

sd.funcs.table.sd_random_geometry("Geometry", 100, seed=48).to_pandas().plot()

[petern48]

This reminds me that when I was writing up the pytest-benchmarking code, I realized it would be nice to have a random geometry rust function (instead of a table provider) that returns a single column, so that we could create multiple unique random geometry columns in a single query to use with functions that take two geometry inputs (e.g predicates). I can't think of many other use cases tho, so it doesn't seem very high priority.

[martin-g]

The error message does not match the check. The error message talks about halfs.

[martin-g]

nit: Missing docstring

[martin-g]

Should there be checks that xmin is smaller than xmax ?
Same for the y bounds below.

[paleolimbot]

Thank you for the review! I will try to circle back to this in the next few days. One of the things I discovered here is that our random geometry generator can panic for some parameter combinations, which needed fixing at a lower level 😬

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR enhances the sd_random_geometry() table function by adding input validation, ensuring exact row counts, improving polygon hole generation, and providing a Python wrapper. The improvements make the function more reliable and easier to use across SQL and Python interfaces.

Changes:

• Added comprehensive parameter validation to prevent panics from invalid inputs
• Modified row generation to output exact counts rather than approximate multiples
• Fixed polygon hole generation to avoid self-intersecting geometries by using consistent rotation angles
• Introduced Python wrapper function and shorter parameter names for more compact usage

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 13 out of 13 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
rust/sedona/src/record_batch_reader_provider.rs	Made RowLimitedIterator public and added partition range check
rust/sedona/src/random_geometry_provider.rs	Added validation, exact row limiting, shorter parameter names, and non-deterministic default seed
rust/sedona-testing/src/datagen.rs	Added validate() method with comprehensive checks and improved error messages
rust/sedona-testing/src/benchmark_util.rs	Updated error handling for Uniform distribution creation
python/sedonadb/tests/*.py	Replaced SQL-based random geometry generation with Python wrapper calls
python/sedonadb/python/sedonadb/functions/table.py	New Python wrapper for sd_random_geometry function
python/sedonadb/python/sedonadb/functions/init.py	New Functions accessor class
python/sedonadb/python/sedonadb/context.py	Added funcs property to SedonaContext
benchmarks/*.py	Updated test parameter names to match new shorter naming convention

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[Copilot]

Duplicate validation logic for bounds. Lines 527-529 and 531-533 check the exact same condition. Remove one of these duplicate checks.

Suggested change

	if self.bounds.width() <= 0.0 || self.bounds.height() <= 0.0 {
	return plan_err!("Expected valid bounds but got {:?}", self.bounds);
	}