Initialize Rust cache before installing binaries and additional components

[zanieb]

I was hoping to reduce the time spent on binary installs, but unfortunately additional binaries are always reinstalled taiki-e/install-action#577 — unfortunately that increases the cache size.

However, this does cache setup of the Rust toolchain which may save time. Since most of the Rust toolchain installation is just downloading components, and we still need to download the cache, there might not be much time saved here. The benefit is that the cache is generally closer to the runner on the network. Toolchain installation takes ~10s on Linux and >1m on Windows. It looks like there are some nice savings on Windows but it's less clear on Linux. The pre-commit job is 10s faster, but (perhaps due to the bug above) the test job is 8s slower.

[github-actions]

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