Formal Specification

Formal Methods of Software Design an online course by Eric Hehner
TLA+
- Creatively Misusing TLA+ Five not-quite-normal uses
- Graphing TLA Breaking the limits of TLA+ model checking
z3 - formal specification with Z?
Fuzzing me wrong — How QuickCheck destroyed my favourite theory #fuzzing
Principles of Programming Languages Graham Hutton 1997
- formal notation behind all languages

See [automated-testing]

Constraint Programming
- Under constraint program, your “program” is a model involving constraints, which is to be processed by a solver searching for solution or a set of solutions to the model.
Deduce
- A proof checker meant for education
- Teaching correctness proofs of functional programs to students.