⚡️ Speed up function url2file by 53%

[codeflash-ai]

📄 53% (0.53x) speedup for url2file in ultralytics/utils/__init__.py

⏱️ Runtime : 1.62 milliseconds → 1.06 milliseconds (best of 190 runs)

📝 Explanation and details

The optimization achieves a 52% speedup by avoiding unnecessary Path object creation for URLs. The key insight is that most inputs are URLs that don't need the expensive Path() operations.

Key optimizations:

1. Conditional Path usage: The optimized code checks if the input contains :// (indicating a URL) before deciding whether to use Path. For URLs (the common case), it simply uses string replacement for the :/ -> :// fix. Only local file paths without schemes use the more expensive Path.as_posix() operation.

2. Eliminated redundant Path overhead: The original code always created a Path object regardless of input type. Line profiler shows this Path(url).as_posix() operation took 77.3% of execution time (2.57ms out of 3.33ms total). The optimization reduces this to just 14.7% for the minority of non-URL inputs.

Performance impact by test case type:

• URLs with schemes (most common): 50-75% faster - these benefit most from avoiding Path altogether
• Local file paths (Windows paths, relative paths): 2-15% slower - these still need Path but have added conditional check overhead
• Complex URLs with encoding/long paths: Up to 78% faster for very long paths - string operations scale much better than Path operations

Context significance: Based on the function reference in check_file(), this function is called in a file validation hot path where URLs like https://, http://, rtsp:// are processed during model downloads and file checks. Since most inputs are URLs rather than local paths, this optimization provides substantial performance benefits for the common use case while maintaining full correctness for all input types.

✅ Correctness verification report:

Test	Status
⚙️ Existing Unit Tests	🔘 None Found
🌀 Generated Regression Tests	✅ 69 Passed
⏪ Replay Tests	🔘 None Found
🔎 Concolic Coverage Tests	🔘 None Found
📊 Tests Coverage	100.0%

🌀 Generated Regression Tests and Runtime

from urllib.parse import unquote

# imports
from ultralytics.utils.__init__ import url2file

# unit tests

# ------------- Basic Test Cases -------------


def test_basic_http_url():
    # Basic HTTP URL with filename
    url = "http://example.com/file.txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 13.8μs -> 8.99μs (53.3% faster)


def test_basic_https_url_with_query():
    # HTTPS URL with query string
    url = "https://example.com/file.txt?auth=123"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 13.0μs -> 8.28μs (57.1% faster)


def test_basic_url_with_fragment():
    # URL with fragment (should be ignored)
    url = "https://example.com/file.txt#section"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 11.6μs -> 7.67μs (50.8% faster)


def test_basic_url_with_multiple_queries():
    # URL with multiple query parameters
    url = "https://example.com/file.txt?auth=123&token=abc"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 12.0μs -> 7.67μs (57.0% faster)


def test_basic_url_with_encoded_characters():
    # URL with percent-encoded filename
    url = "https://example.com/my%20file.txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 17.9μs -> 13.9μs (28.5% faster)


def test_basic_url_with_subdirectories():
    # URL with subdirectories
    url = "https://example.com/path/to/file.txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 12.8μs -> 8.35μs (53.8% faster)


def test_basic_url_with_trailing_slash():
    # URL ending with a slash (should return empty string)
    url = "https://example.com/path/to/"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 12.2μs -> 8.01μs (52.5% faster)


def test_basic_url_with_no_path():
    # URL with no path (should return empty string)
    url = "https://example.com"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 11.0μs -> 7.29μs (50.5% faster)


def test_basic_file_scheme():
    # File URL
    url = "file:///home/user/file.txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 13.0μs -> 8.05μs (61.6% faster)


def test_basic_windows_path():
    # Windows-style path
    url = "C:\\Users\\user\\file.txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 9.41μs -> 11.1μs (15.3% slower)


# ------------- Edge Test Cases -------------


def test_edge_url_with_dotfile():
    # Hidden file (dotfile)
    url = "https://example.com/.env"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 11.7μs -> 7.57μs (54.1% faster)


def test_edge_url_with_no_filename():
    # Directory only, no filename
    url = "https://example.com/path/to/"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 11.9μs -> 7.68μs (54.4% faster)


def test_edge_url_with_empty_string():
    # Empty string input
    url = ""
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 8.79μs -> 10.1μs (13.1% slower)


def test_edge_url_with_only_filename():
    # Only a filename, no URL or path
    url = "file.txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 9.38μs -> 10.3μs (8.89% slower)


def test_edge_url_with_double_extension():
    # Filename with multiple extensions
    url = "https://example.com/archive.tar.gz"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 11.5μs -> 7.83μs (46.4% faster)


def test_edge_url_with_encoded_slash():
    # Encoded slash in filename
    url = "https://example.com/path/to/file%2Fname.txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 19.5μs -> 14.1μs (38.0% faster)


def test_edge_url_with_special_chars():
    # Filename with special characters
    url = "https://example.com/fi@le$%^&*().txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 17.1μs -> 12.6μs (35.9% faster)


def test_edge_url_with_unicode():
    # Unicode characters in filename
    url = "https://example.com/файл.txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 13.4μs -> 8.60μs (56.2% faster)


def test_edge_url_with_spaces_and_tabs():
    # Spaces and tabs in filename
    url = "https://example.com/file%20with%20spaces%09tab.txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 17.5μs -> 13.0μs (35.1% faster)


def test_edge_url_with_trailing_question_mark():
    # URL ending with a question mark (empty query)
    url = "https://example.com/file.txt?"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 12.1μs -> 7.50μs (61.5% faster)


def test_edge_url_with_multiple_question_marks():
    # URL with multiple question marks in path
    url = "https://example.com/fi?le.txt?auth=abc"
    # The first '?' splits off the query, so only 'fi' is left as the path
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 11.8μs -> 7.63μs (54.7% faster)


def test_edge_url_with_colon_in_filename():
    # Colon in the filename (unusual, but possible in URLs)
    url = "https://example.com/file:name.txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 11.3μs -> 7.17μs (57.2% faster)


def test_edge_url_with_path_as_percent_encoding():
    # Entire path is percent-encoded
    url = "https://example.com/%66%69%6C%65.txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 18.6μs -> 13.8μs (35.1% faster)


def test_edge_url_with_double_slash():
    # Double slash in path
    url = "https://example.com//file.txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 11.4μs -> 7.21μs (58.5% faster)


def test_edge_url_with_trailing_dot():
    # Trailing dot in filename
    url = "https://example.com/file."
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 11.2μs -> 7.06μs (58.4% faster)


def test_edge_url_with_no_extension():
    # Filename with no extension
    url = "https://example.com/file"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 11.6μs -> 7.16μs (61.4% faster)


def test_edge_url_with_path_only():
    # Path only, no scheme
    url = "/path/to/file.txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 13.3μs -> 14.9μs (10.8% slower)


def test_edge_url_with_windows_backslashes():
    # Windows path with backslashes
    url = "C:\\Users\\Public\\Documents\\report.pdf"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 9.43μs -> 10.4μs (9.06% slower)


def test_edge_url_with_drive_letter_and_no_path():
    # Windows drive letter only
    url = "C:\\"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 9.48μs -> 10.0μs (5.51% slower)


def test_edge_url_with_multiple_dots():
    # Filename with multiple dots
    url = "https://example.com/my.file.name.txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 12.2μs -> 8.00μs (52.1% faster)


# ------------- Large Scale Test Cases -------------


def test_large_url_with_long_filename():
    # Very long filename
    long_filename = "a" * 255 + ".txt"
    url = f"https://example.com/{long_filename}"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 12.1μs -> 7.73μs (55.9% faster)


def test_large_url_with_long_path():
    # Very long path with normal filename
    long_path = "/".join(["folder"] * 100)  # 100 nested folders
    url = f"https://example.com/{long_path}/file.txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 33.4μs -> 19.4μs (72.8% faster)


def test_large_url_with_long_query():
    # Very long query string
    long_query = "a=" + "x" * 900
    url = f"https://example.com/file.txt?{long_query}"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 14.0μs -> 8.23μs (69.9% faster)


def test_large_url_with_many_subfolders_and_encoded_chars():
    # Many subfolders and percent-encoded characters
    subfolders = "/".join([f"folder%20{i}" for i in range(50)])
    url = f"https://example.com/{subfolders}/file%20name%20large.txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 49.4μs -> 34.1μs (44.9% faster)


def test_large_url_with_large_percent_encoded_filename():
    # Large percent-encoded filename
    base = "file_" + "_".join([f"%{hex(i)[2:]:0>2}" for i in range(32, 127)])
    url = f"https://example.com/{base}.txt"
    # decode the percent-encoded part for expected result
    expected = unquote(base) + ".txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 29.0μs -> 23.9μs (21.2% faster)


def test_large_url_with_999_folders():
    # Path with 999 folders, filename at the end
    folders = "/".join([f"f{i}" for i in range(999)])
    url = f"https://example.com/{folders}/deepfile.txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 306μs -> 171μs (78.6% faster)


def test_large_url_with_999_char_filename():
    # Filename with 999 characters
    filename = "x" * 999
    url = f"https://example.com/{filename}"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 15.1μs -> 10.00μs (51.0% faster)


def test_large_url_with_999_char_query():
    # Query string with 999 characters
    url = f"https://example.com/file.txt?{'a' * 999}"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 14.1μs -> 8.56μs (64.6% faster)


def test_large_url_with_999_subfolders_and_encoded_filename():
    # 999 subfolders, encoded filename
    folders = "/".join([f"f{i}" for i in range(999)])
    url = f"https://example.com/{folders}/file%20large.txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 306μs -> 183μs (67.1% faster)


# codeflash_output is used to check that the output of the original code is the same as that of the optimized code.

# imports
from ultralytics.utils.__init__ import url2file

# unit tests

# 1. Basic Test Cases


def test_simple_url():
    # Basic URL with a file at the end
    url = "https://example.com/file.txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 12.7μs -> 8.28μs (53.6% faster)


def test_url_with_query():
    # URL with a query string
    url = "https://example.com/file.txt?auth=123"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 12.1μs -> 7.57μs (60.2% faster)


def test_url_with_fragment():
    # URL with a fragment (should ignore fragment)
    url = "https://example.com/file.txt#section"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 11.3μs -> 7.36μs (52.9% faster)


def test_url_with_subdirectories():
    # URL with subdirectories
    url = "https://example.com/path/to/file.txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 12.4μs -> 8.17μs (51.8% faster)


def test_url_with_encoded_characters():
    # URL with encoded characters in filename
    url = "https://example.com/path/to/file%20name.txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 18.8μs -> 14.1μs (33.3% faster)


def test_url_with_port():
    # URL with a port
    url = "https://example.com:8080/path/file.txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 12.0μs -> 7.86μs (53.2% faster)


def test_url_with_no_filename():
    # URL ending with a slash (no file)
    url = "https://example.com/path/to/"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 12.0μs -> 7.59μs (57.9% faster)


def test_url_with_dotfile():
    # URL with a dotfile
    url = "https://example.com/.env"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 11.3μs -> 7.36μs (52.9% faster)


def test_url_with_multiple_dots():
    # URL with multiple dots in filename
    url = "https://example.com/archive.tar.gz"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 11.4μs -> 7.07μs (61.4% faster)


def test_url_with_dash_and_underscore():
    # URL with dashes and underscores in filename
    url = "https://example.com/my-file_name.txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 11.4μs -> 7.20μs (57.7% faster)


# 2. Edge Test Cases


def test_url_with_empty_string():
    # Empty URL string
    url = ""
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 8.86μs -> 10.5μs (15.3% slower)


def test_url_with_only_filename():
    # Just a filename, no URL structure
    url = "file.txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 9.70μs -> 10.4μs (6.78% slower)


def test_url_with_windows_path():
    # Windows-style path (should be normalized)
    url = "C:\\Users\\user\\file.txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 9.74μs -> 10.0μs (2.75% slower)


def test_url_with_mixed_slashes():
    # Mixed slashes in path
    url = "https://example.com/path\\to/file.txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 12.4μs -> 8.08μs (53.7% faster)


def test_url_with_trailing_question_mark():
    # URL ends with a question mark (no query)
    url = "https://example.com/file.txt?"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 12.9μs -> 7.62μs (68.9% faster)


def test_url_with_encoded_slash_in_filename():
    # Encoded slash in filename (should decode)
    url = "https://example.com/path/to/file%2Fname.txt"
    # '%2F' becomes '/', so name is 'file/name.txt', so .name is 'name.txt'
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 19.2μs -> 14.4μs (33.8% faster)


def test_url_with_multiple_query_params():
    # Multiple query parameters
    url = "https://example.com/file.txt?auth=123&token=abc"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 11.9μs -> 7.48μs (58.8% faster)


def test_url_with_unicode_filename():
    # Unicode characters in filename
    url = "https://example.com/файл.txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 13.0μs -> 8.47μs (53.8% faster)


def test_url_with_percent_encoded_unicode():
    # Percent-encoded Unicode
    url = "https://example.com/%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB.txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 21.5μs -> 16.1μs (33.5% faster)


def test_url_with_no_path():
    # URL with no path (just domain)
    url = "https://example.com"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 11.0μs -> 7.00μs (57.0% faster)


def test_url_with_double_slash():
    # URL with double slash in path
    url = "https://example.com/path//file.txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 12.1μs -> 7.75μs (56.0% faster)


def test_url_with_dot_and_dotdot():
    # URL with '.' and '..' in path
    url = "https://example.com/path/./to/../file.txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 13.2μs -> 8.17μs (61.4% faster)


def test_url_with_long_query():
    # URL with a long query string
    url = "https://example.com/file.txt?" + "a=1&" * 100
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 12.0μs -> 7.89μs (52.0% faster)


def test_url_with_fragment_and_query():
    # URL with both query and fragment
    url = "https://example.com/file.txt?auth=123#frag"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 11.4μs -> 7.42μs (53.2% faster)


def test_url_with_special_characters():
    # Special characters in filename
    url = "https://example.com/file!@#$%^&*().txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 16.8μs -> 13.7μs (22.7% faster)


def test_url_with_spaces_in_path():
    # Spaces in path (encoded)
    url = "https://example.com/path%20with%20spaces/file%20name.txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 18.3μs -> 13.1μs (39.4% faster)


# 3. Large Scale Test Cases


def test_url_with_very_long_filename():
    # Very long filename (255 chars)
    long_name = "a" * 255 + ".txt"
    url = f"https://example.com/{long_name}"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 11.6μs -> 7.53μs (54.5% faster)


def test_url_with_very_long_path():
    # Very long path (1000 chars, but filename is short)
    path = "/".join(["a" * 10] * 100)
    url = f"https://example.com/{path}/file.txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 35.0μs -> 20.0μs (75.2% faster)


def test_url_with_very_long_query():
    # Very long query string (1000 chars)
    long_query = "q=" + "a" * 995
    url = f"https://example.com/file.txt?{long_query}"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 13.5μs -> 8.29μs (63.1% faster)


def test_url_with_maximum_path_length():
    # Path length near common OS maximum (4096 chars), but filename is at the end
    # We'll use a shorter length to avoid test environment issues
    path = "/".join(["a" * 10] * 200)
    url = f"https://example.com/{path}/file.txt"
    codeflash_output = url2file(url)  # 58.1μs -> 32.9μs (76.8% faster)

To edit these changes git checkout codeflash/optimize-url2file-mi8dwrxg and push.