refactor(query): replace recursive crate with stacksafe for stack overflow prevention

[sundy-li]

Summary

Replace `recursive` crate with `stacksafe` for preventing stack overflows in deeply recursive functions. StackSafe provides better stack management with additional safety features.

Changes

This PR replaces `recursive` crate with `stacksafe` crate (v1.0.0) throughout the codebase:

1. Dependency updates:

   • Root `Cargo.toml`: `recursive = "0.1.1"` → `stacksafe = "1"`
   • Updated 6 sub-crate Cargo.toml files to use `stacksafe = { workspace = true }`
   • Removed git patch override for `recursive`

2. Attribute migrations (300+ replacements across 137 files):

   • `#[recursive::recursive]` → `#[stacksafe::stacksafe]`
   • `#[async_recursion(#[recursive::recursive])]` → `#[async_recursion(#[stacksafe::stacksafe])]`
   • Educe derive attrs: `"#[recursive::recursive]"` → `"#[stacksafe::stacksafe]"`

3. API call updates (in `flight_actions.rs`):

   • `recursive::get_minimum_stack_size()` → `stacksafe::get_minimum_stack_size()`
   • `recursive::get_stack_allocation_size()` → `stacksafe::get_stack_allocation_size()`

4. New annotation:

   • Added `#[stacksafe::stacksafe]` to `try_rewrite_subquery` function to prevent potential stack overflow in deeply nested subqueries

Motivation

StackSafe offers several advantages over `recursive` crate:

• Automatic trait safety: `StackSafe` wrapper provides stack-safe implementations for `Clone`, `Debug`, `Drop`, etc.
• Debug-time checks: Verifies that `#[stacksafe]` is properly annotated on functions accessing recursive data structures
• Better stack management: More reliable stack growth with configurable thresholds
• Production proven: Used in production by Zed, ScopeDB, and other projects

Implementation

The migration is a straightforward attribute replacement with no functional changes:

• StackSafe maintains API compatibility with `recursive` (same attribute names)
• Default stack thresholds (128 KiB red zone, 2 MiB allocation) remain the same
• All recursive functions and derived trait implementations are automatically protected

Tests

• Unit Test - `cargo check` passes on all modified packages
• Clippy - No clippy warnings
• Format - `cargo fmt` passes
• Build - `cargo check --package databend-query` compiles successfully

Type of change

• Refactor (non-breaking change which improves code structure and safety)

I hereby agree to the terms of the CLA available at: https://docs.databend.com/dev/policies/cla/

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• Total Jobs: 23
• Failed Jobs: 3
• Retryable: 0
• Code Issues: 3

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