go.mod: bump to go 1.24

[crazy-max]

relates to #3318 (review)

similar to moby/buildkit#6205

modernize-fix run output:

#22 0.472 + /gopls-analyzers/modernize -fix ./...
#22 18.12 modernize: [email protected]/docker/buildx/builder: ignoring alternative fix "Replace omitempty with omitzero (behavior change)"
#22 18.12 modernize: [email protected]/docker/buildx/commands/history: ignoring alternative fix "Replace omitempty with omitzero (behavior change)"
#22 18.12 modernize: [email protected]/docker/buildx/builder [github.com/docker/buildx/builder.test]: ignoring alternative fix "Replace omitempty with omitzero (behavior change)"
#22 18.15 + git status --porcelain
#22 18.15 + awk '/^ M/ {print $2}'
#22 18.20 + dirname build/build.go
#22 18.20 + mkdir -p /out/build
#22 18.20 + cp build/build.go /out/build/build.go
#22 18.20 + dirname build/utils.go
#22 18.20 + mkdir -p /out/build
#22 18.20 + cp build/utils.go /out/build/utils.go
#22 18.20 + dirname builder/builder.go
#22 18.20 + mkdir -p /out/builder
#22 18.20 + cp builder/builder.go /out/builder/builder.go
#22 18.20 + dirname commands/history/inspect.go
#22 18.21 + mkdir -p /out/commands/history
#22 18.21 + cp commands/history/inspect.go /out/commands/history/inspect.go
#22 18.21 + dirname commands/inspect.go
#22 18.21 + mkdir -p /out/commands
#22 18.21 + cp commands/inspect.go /out/commands/inspect.go
#22 18.21 + dirname go.mod
#22 18.21 + mkdir -p /out/.
#22 18.21 + cp go.mod /out/go.mod
#22 18.21 + dirname tests/create.go
#22 18.21 + mkdir -p /out/tests
#22 18.21 + cp tests/create.go /out/tests/create.go
#22 18.21 + dirname tests/inspect.go
#22 18.21 + mkdir -p /out/tests
#22 18.21 + cp tests/inspect.go /out/tests/inspect.go
#22 18.21 + dirname tests/integration.go
#22 18.21 + mkdir -p /out/tests
#22 18.22 + cp tests/integration.go /out/tests/integration.go
#22 18.22 + dirname tests/ls.go
#22 18.22 + mkdir -p /out/tests
#22 18.22 + cp tests/ls.go /out/tests/ls.go
#22 18.22 + dirname tests/workers/docker.go
#22 18.22 + mkdir -p /out/tests/workers
#22 18.22 + cp tests/workers/docker.go /out/tests/workers/docker.go
#22 18.22 + dirname util/buildflags/export.go
#22 18.22 + mkdir -p /out/util/buildflags
#22 18.22 + cp util/buildflags/export.go /out/util/buildflags/export.go
#22 DONE 20.4s