[release/8.0-staging] Improve LoadExtension to work correctly with dotnet run and lib* named libs #35718
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Backport of #35617 (see #35717 for 9.0 backport PR)
Closes #35715
Description
This improves the extension loading logic of Microsoft.Data.Sqlite to attempt to load native extensions from additional standard native library locations. This is particularly important to SQLite vector database support, which will become our first getting started sample for vector databases with Microsoft.Extensions.VectorData etc. This is an important part of the .NET Intelligent Apps story.
Customer impact
This enables nuget packages to bundle extension native binaries (e.g. sqlite_vec), and for SQLite to just pick them up without any additional obscure handling of native library loading paths.
How found
Path of SQLite vector data investigative work by @krwq.
Regression
No
Testing
Manual testing performed.
Risk
Very low - only adds additional attempts to load from. Quirked.
/cc @krwq