CREATE and CTAS SORTED BY and PARTITIONED BY

[Alex-Monahan]

This PR adds support for the syntax from duckdb/duckdb#20431 and duckdb/duckdb#20728 :

CREATE TABLE woot 
  PARTITIONED BY (i) 
  SORTED BY (j)
  AS 
  FROM RANGE(9001) t1(i) 
  SELECT i, i+1 as j 
  ;

plus the non CTAS CREATE TABLE equivalent.

One open issue is that the syntax added to DuckDB in the above PRs does not support adding sort modifiers (ASC / DESC) to the sort, so I'll open up a bug for that here shortly if there isn't one already (added a FIXME in the code once that is unblocked).

The key value of this PR is to make dbt work smoother with DuckLake. By default, everything in dbt is a CTAS. So this allows partitioning and sorting in a much smoother way in dbt (without a workaround).

This was built with Claude, but I did make a number of adjustments to its initial solution to try and refactor it (and I trimmed down the ridiculously long comments...). Let me know if there is anything you would like to see changed!

CC @nicku33

[Alex-Monahan]

This is the related DuckDB PR to unblock ASC/DESC on the SORTED BY clause for CREATE and CTAS: duckdb/duckdb#22411

[Alex-Monahan]

Happy to target 1.5 if it would be helpful! [Edit - I made another PR for that in case it is helpful - see below!]

[Alex-Monahan]

Marking this as draft - I think 1.5 is the better branch to target for now? (See #1107 )