feat: support inject in constructor (#237)

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##### Checklist
<!-- Remove items that do not apply. For completed items, change [ ] to
[x]. -->

- [ ] `npm test` passes
- [ ] tests and/or benchmarks are included
- [ ] documentation is changed or added
- [ ] commit message follows commit guidelines

##### Affected core subsystem(s)
<!-- Provide affected core subsystem(s). -->


##### Description of change
<!-- Provide a description of the change below this comment. -->

<!--
- any feature?
- close https://github.com/eggjs/egg/ISSUE_URL
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<!-- This is an auto-generated comment: release notes by coderabbit.ai
-->
## Summary by CodeRabbit

- **New Features**
- Introduced new dependency injection methods and decorators, enhancing
flexibility in how dependencies are managed.
- Added a new example demonstrating the use of the `Inject` annotation
within the `HelloService` class.
- New `ConstructorObject` class created to showcase dependency injection
with various decorators.
- Added a static method for initializing array metadata in the
`MetadataUtil` class.

- **Bug Fixes**
- Improved error handling during object initialization to ensure better
management of dependencies and lifecycle events.

- **Tests**
- Expanded test coverage for decorators and injection functionality,
ensuring correct behavior of new features.
- Added new test cases for verifying constructor injection and qualifier
retrieval processes.

- **Documentation**
- Updated README.md with examples and explanations of new features and
usage patterns.
<!-- end of auto-generated comment: release notes by coderabbit.ai -->

README.md

@@ -498,6 +498,25 @@ export class HelloService {
 }
 ```
 
+也可在构造函数中使用 `Inject` 注解。注意 property 和 构造函数两种模式只能选一种，不能混用。
+
+```typescript
+import { EggLogger } from 'egg';
+import { Inject } from '@eggjs/tegg';
+
+@ContextProto()
+export class HelloService {
+  constructor(@Inject() readonly logger: EggLogger) {
+  }
+
+  async hello(user: User): Promise<string> {
+    this.logger.info(`[HelloService] hello ${user.name}`);
+    const echoResponse = await this.echoAdapter.echo({ name: user.name });
+    return `hello, ${echoResponse.name}`;
+  }
+}
+```
+
 ##### 复杂示例
 
 ```typescript

core/common-util/src/ObjectUtils.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { EggProtoImplClass } from '@eggjs/tegg-types';
+
 export class ObjectUtils {
   static getProperties(obj: object): string[] {
     const properties: string[] = [];
@@ -34,4 +36,19 @@ export class ObjectUtils {
     }).filter(arg => arg.length);
     return argNames;
   }
+
+  static getConstructorArgNameList(clazz: EggProtoImplClass): string[] {
+    if (clazz.length === 0) {
+      return [];
+    }
+    const classString = clazz.toString();
+    const constructorMatch = classString.match(/constructor\s*\(([^)]+)\)/);
+    if (!constructorMatch) {
+      return [];
+    }
+    const params = constructorMatch[1].split(',').map(param => param.trim());
+    return params.map(param => param.match(/(\w+)\s*(?=\s*(?:=|\/\/|\s*$))/))
+      .filter(Boolean)
+      .map(match => match![0].trim());
+  }
 }

core/common-util/test/ObjectUtil.test.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,27 @@
 import assert from 'node:assert';
 import { ObjectUtils } from '..';
 
+export function InitTypeQualifier() {
+  return function(_target: any, _propertyKey?: PropertyKey, _parameterIndex?: number) {
+    console.log(_target, _propertyKey, _parameterIndex);
+    // ...
+  };
+}
+
+export function ModuleQualifier(_foo: string) {
+  return function(_target: any, _propertyKey?: PropertyKey, _parameterIndex?: number) {
+    console.log(_target, _propertyKey, _parameterIndex, _foo);
+    // ...
+  };
+}
+
+export function Inject(_arg?: any) {
+  return function(_target: any, _propertyKey?: PropertyKey, _parameterIndex?: number) {
+    console.log(_target, _propertyKey, _parameterIndex, _arg);
+    // ...
+  };
+}
+
 describe('test/ObjectUtil.test.ts', () => {
   it('should work', () => {
     function mockFunction(/* test */ctx: object, foo: string, bar = '233') {
@@ -11,4 +32,24 @@ describe('test/ObjectUtil.test.ts', () => {
     const argNames = ObjectUtils.getFunctionArgNameList(mockFunction);
     assert.deepStrictEqual(argNames, [ 'ctx', 'foo', 'bar' ]);
   });
+
+  it('getConstructorArgNameList should work', () => {
+    class ConstructorObject {
+      constructor(
+          @InitTypeQualifier()
+          @ModuleQualifier('foo')
+          @Inject({ name: 'fooCache' }) readonly xCache: any, // fpp...
+          /* test */ @Inject() readonly cache: unknown,
+          readonly v233 = 666,
+      ) {
+      }
+    }
+
+    const argNames = ObjectUtils.getConstructorArgNameList(ConstructorObject);
+    assert.deepStrictEqual(argNames, [
+      'xCache',
+      'cache',
+      'v233',
+    ]);
+  });
 });

core/core-decorator/src/decorator/ConfigSource.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { ConfigSourceQualifierAttribute } from '@eggjs/tegg-types';
 import type { EggProtoImplClass } from '@eggjs/tegg-types';
 
 export function ConfigSourceQualifier(moduleName: string) {
-  return function(target: any, propertyKey: PropertyKey) {
-    QualifierUtil.addProperQualifier(target.constructor as EggProtoImplClass, propertyKey, ConfigSourceQualifierAttribute, moduleName);
+  return function(target: any, propertyKey?: PropertyKey, parameterIndex?: number) {
+    QualifierUtil.addInjectQualifier(target as EggProtoImplClass, propertyKey, parameterIndex, ConfigSourceQualifierAttribute, moduleName);
   };
 }

core/core-decorator/src/decorator/EggQualifier.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import type { EggProtoImplClass, EggType } from '@eggjs/tegg-types';
 import { QualifierUtil } from '../util/QualifierUtil';
 
 export function EggQualifier(eggType: EggType) {
-  return function(target: any, propertyKey: PropertyKey) {
-    QualifierUtil.addProperQualifier(target.constructor as EggProtoImplClass, propertyKey, EggQualifierAttribute, eggType);
+  return function(target: any, propertyKey?: PropertyKey, parameterIndex?: number) {
+    QualifierUtil.addInjectQualifier(target as EggProtoImplClass, propertyKey, parameterIndex, EggQualifierAttribute, eggType);
   };
 }

core/core-decorator/src/decorator/InitTypeQualifier.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import type { EggProtoImplClass, ObjectInitTypeLike } from '@eggjs/tegg-types';
 import { QualifierUtil } from '../util/QualifierUtil';
 
 export function InitTypeQualifier(initType: ObjectInitTypeLike) {
-  return function(target: any, propertyKey: PropertyKey) {
-    QualifierUtil.addProperQualifier(target.constructor as EggProtoImplClass, propertyKey, InitTypeQualifierAttribute, initType);
+  return function(target: any, propertyKey?: PropertyKey, parameterIndex?: number) {
+    QualifierUtil.addInjectQualifier(target as EggProtoImplClass, propertyKey, parameterIndex, InitTypeQualifierAttribute, initType);
   };
 }

core/core-decorator/src/decorator/Inject.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
-import type { EggProtoImplClass, InjectObjectInfo, InjectParams } from '@eggjs/tegg-types';
+import { EggProtoImplClass, InjectObjectInfo, InjectConstructorInfo, InjectParams, InjectType } from '@eggjs/tegg-types';
 import { PrototypeUtil } from '../util/PrototypeUtil';
+import { ObjectUtils } from '@eggjs/tegg-common-util';
 
 export function Inject(param?: InjectParams | string) {
-  return function(target: any, propertyKey: PropertyKey) {
+  function propertyInject(target: any, propertyKey: PropertyKey) {
     let objName: PropertyKey | undefined;
     if (!param) {
       // try to read design:type from proto
@@ -22,6 +23,30 @@ export function Inject(param?: InjectParams | string) {
       objName: objName || propertyKey,
     };
 
+    PrototypeUtil.setInjectType(target.constructor, InjectType.PROPERTY);
     PrototypeUtil.addInjectObject(target.constructor as EggProtoImplClass, injectObject);
+  }
+
+  function constructorInject(target: any, parameterIndex: number) {
+    const argNames = ObjectUtils.getConstructorArgNameList(target);
+    const argName = argNames[parameterIndex];
+    // TODO get objName from design:type
+    const objName = typeof param === 'string' ? param : param?.name;
+    const injectObject: InjectConstructorInfo = {
+      refIndex: parameterIndex,
+      refName: argName,
+      objName: objName || argName,
+    };
+
+    PrototypeUtil.setInjectType(target, InjectType.CONSTRUCTOR);
+    PrototypeUtil.addInjectConstructor(target as EggProtoImplClass, injectObject);
+  }
+
+  return function(target: any, propertyKey?: PropertyKey, parameterIndex?: number) {
+    if (typeof parameterIndex === 'undefined') {
+      propertyInject(target, propertyKey!);
+    } else {
+      constructorInject(target, parameterIndex!);
+    }
   };
 }

core/core-decorator/src/decorator/ModuleQualifier.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import type { EggProtoImplClass } from '@eggjs/tegg-types';
 import { QualifierUtil } from '../util/QualifierUtil';
 
 export function ModuleQualifier(moduleName: string) {
-  return function(target: any, propertyKey: PropertyKey) {
-    QualifierUtil.addProperQualifier(target.constructor as EggProtoImplClass, propertyKey, LoadUnitNameQualifierAttribute, moduleName);
+  return function(target: any, propertyKey?: PropertyKey, parameterIndex?: number) {
+    QualifierUtil.addInjectQualifier(target as EggProtoImplClass, propertyKey, parameterIndex, LoadUnitNameQualifierAttribute, moduleName);
   };
 }

core/core-decorator/src/util/MetadataUtil.ts

@@ -31,6 +31,20 @@ export class MetadataUtil {
     return this.getMetaData(metadataKey, clazz) || [];
   }
 
+  /**
+   * init array metadata
+   * not inherit parent metadata
+   * return value true means use default value
+   * return value false means use map value
+   */
+  static initArrayMetaData<T>(metadataKey: MetaDataKey, clazz: EggProtoImplClass, defaultValue: Array<T>): Array<T> {
+    const ownMetaData: Array<T> | undefined = this.getOwnMetaData(metadataKey, clazz);
+    if (!ownMetaData) {
+      this.defineMetaData(metadataKey, defaultValue, clazz);
+    }
+    return this.getOwnMetaData<Array<T>>(metadataKey, clazz)!;
+  }
+
   /**
    * init own array metadata
    * if parent metadata exists, inherit