Add docs for MCP3201

components/sensor/mcp3201.rst

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+MCP3201 12-Bit A/D Converter
+=======================================
+
+.. seo::
+    :description: Instructions for setting up the MCP3201 12-Bit Analog to Digital Converter in ESPHome.
+    :keywords: MCP3201
+    :image: mcp3201.jpg
+
+The Microchip Technology Inc. MCP3201 is a single-channel successive
+approximation 12-bit Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converter with on-board sample
+and hold circuitry.
+
+.. figure:: images/mcp3201.jpg
+    :align: center
+    :width: 50.0%
+
+.. _mcp3201-component:
+
+Component/Hub
+-------------
+
+The MCP3201 component allows you to use MCP3201 12-Bit A/D Converter
+(`datasheet <https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/aemDocuments/documents/APID/ProductDocuments/DataSheets/21290F.pdf>`__) in ESPHome.
+The MCP3201 uses the :ref:`SPI Bus <spi>` for communication.
+
+It reports voltage in relation to the ``reference_voltage`` (default is 3.3V).
+It calculates the voltage by multiplying the ``reference_voltage * value`` on the pin (basically the percentage of VREF)
+
+Most configurations will set the ``reference_voltage`` = VREF pin
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+    # Example configuration entry
+    mcp3201:
+      cs_pin: GPIOXX
+      reference_voltage: 3.3V
+
+Configuration variables:
+************************
+
+- **cs_pin** (**Required**, :ref:`Pin Schema <config-pin_schema>`): The SPI cable select pin to use.
+- **reference_voltage** (*Optional*, float): The reference voltage. Defaults to ``3.3V``.
+
+
+Sensor
+------
+
+The ``mcp3201`` sensor allows you to use your MCP3201 12-Bit A/D Converter
+sensor with ESPHome.  First, configure the `mcp3210` component and then
+create a `sensor` using the `mcp3201` platform to report the voltage to
+Home Assistant.
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+    # Example config
+    # This is a small 1.5v solar panel power rail attached to the MCP3201
+    sensor:
+      - platform: mcp3201
+        id: solar_voltage
+        update_interval: 30s
+
+
+Configuration variables:
+************************
+
+- **update_interval** (*Optional*, :ref:`config-time`): The interval to check the sensor. Defaults to ``60s``.
+- All other options from :ref:`Sensor <config-sensor>`.
+
+See Also
+--------
+
+- :ref:`spi`
+- :apiref:`mcp3201/mcp3201.h`
+- :ghedit:`Edit`