feat(logs): Add alpha version of Sentry logs

[colin-sentry]

Logs are coming to sentry!

This commit:

• Adds sentry_sdk._experimental_logger.{trace, debug, info, warn, error, fatal} methods
• Adds _experimental options for before_emit_log and enable_sentry_logs

There are no tests (yet), and this still uses the otel_log schema.

Example usage:

def _before_emit_log(record, hint):
    if record["severity_text"] in ["fatal", "error"]:
        return None
    return record

sentry_sdk.init(
    dsn=...,
    _experiments={
        "enable_sentry_logs": True, 
        "before_emit_log": _before_emit_log,
    },
)

from sentry_sdk import _experimental_logger as sentry_logger
sentry_logger.info('Finished sending answer! #chunks={num_chunks}', num_chunks=10)

Refs #4149

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 81.57895% with 14 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 79.55%. Comparing base (380e32f) to head (1906ab4).
Report is 1 commits behind head on master.

✅ All tests successful. No failed tests found.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
sentry_sdk/client.py	79.66%	5 Missing and 7 partials ⚠️
sentry_sdk/envelope.py	50.00%	1 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #4126      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   79.52%   79.55%   +0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         140      141       +1     
  Lines       15636    15711      +75     
  Branches     2652     2671      +19     
==========================================
+ Hits        12435    12499      +64     
  Misses       2369     2369              
- Partials      832      843      +11     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
sentry_sdk/__init__.py	100.00% <ø> (ø)
sentry_sdk/_experimental_logger.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
sentry_sdk/envelope.py	80.09% <50.00%> (-0.60%)	⬇️
sentry_sdk/client.py	79.24% <79.66%> (+0.23%)	⬆️

... and 6 files with indirect coverage changes

[cleptric]

Any reason we are not taking the same route as JS with this?
As in, making this a clearly experimental API etc.

[colin-sentry]

Any reason we are not taking the same route as JS with this? As in, making this a clearly experimental API etc.

the import is from _experimental_logger.py for now, similar UX

[antonpirker]

This looks ok for a first implementation. I added some unit tests to know how it feels to use this new API.

I have added some TODO comments with topics I think we should discuss.

[antonpirker]

I we want to parse variables from f-strings here is how other libs do this:

• Take the frame https://github.com/pydantic/logfire/blob/d5243c3a17efe10a63206eada209c1c6105474be/logfire/_internal/main.py#L183
• And then uses ast to parse the f-string: https://github.com/pydantic/logfire/blob/d5243c3a17efe10a63206eada209c1c6105474be/logfire/_internal/formatter.py#L63

[antonpirker]

After adding some tests and adding the configuration options also under the _experimental flag, this is good enough for an alpha version!