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Initial (and long overdue) support for noun morphology
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coxchristopher committed Jul 18, 2023
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17 changes: 9 additions & 8 deletions src/fst/Makefile.am
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GT_LEXC_ROOT=$(srcdir)/root.lexc

# Set this to the names of all regular lexc source files:
GT_LEXC_SRCS_L1_L2=
# stems/words.lexc \
# affixes/nouns.lexc \
# affixes/symbols.lexc \
# stems/nouns.lexc
GT_LEXC_SRCS_L1_L2= affixes/noun_affixes.lexc \
stems/noun_stems.lexc \
affixes/symbols.lexc
# affixes/propernouns.lexc
# stems/words.lexc

# If you are building an error-detecting L2 analyser, specify the lexc files
# that differ between the regular L1 and the L2 analysers below, in L1 and
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# Define here any additional sources just included in the distro:
GT_DISTRO_SRCS=affixes/verb_inner_affixes.lexc \
affixes/verb_middle_affixes.lexc \
affixes/verb_outer_affixes.lexc \
affixes/verb_oblique_affixes.lexc \
affixes/verb_middle_affixes.lexc \
affixes/verb_outer_affixes.lexc \
affixes/verb_oblique_affixes.lexc \
affixes/verb_tags.lexc \
affixes/postverbal_affixes.lexc \
stems/verb_stems.lexc

### BEGIN: Local processing: ###
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305 changes: 305 additions & 0 deletions src/fst/affixes/noun_affixes.lexc
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! Tsuut'ina nouns can appear in inflected forms that reflect two features:
! possession (person and number of possessor, with some entanglement with
! the person and number of the subject of the utterance in cases where the
! possessed noun isn't itself the subject) and number (singular vs. plural,
! only in the case of a closed set of nouns):
!
! 1. Possession: Tsuut'ina nouns can be divided into three classes on the
! basis of possession:
!
! 1. Nouns that always appear in unpossessed form (e.g., nàk'us "cloud").
! This class includes both common and proper nouns.
!
! 2. Nouns that always appear in possessed form (e.g., sitsì "my head", nitò
! "your father"). This class is generally limited to body parts and
! kinship terms.
!
! 3. Nouns that may appear in either possessed or unpossessed form (e.g.,
! más "knife" ~ simázà "my knife", guuniizh "story" ~ máa guunijà
! "his/her/its story").
!
! Nouns in the third class typically have different possessed and unpossessed
! stem forms (e.g., más [unpossessed] vs. -mázà [possessed] "knife", násʔághá
! [unpossessed] vs. -násʔághà [possessed] "house").
!
! Nouns that have possessed forms may indicate possession morphosyntactically
! in two different ways:
!
! A. With the addition of a possessive prefix (e.g., si- "1SG.POSS"). There
! are three phonologically distinct sets of these prefixes:
!
! i. Mid-tone possessive prefixes: Possessive prefixes appear with a
! short, mid-tone vowel of the form si-, ni-, mi- (e.g., sinásʔághà
! "my house"). These are the most common possessive prefix forms
! in Tsuut'ina.
!
! ii. High-tone possessive prefixes: Possessive prefixes appear with a
! short, high-tone vowel of the form sí-, ní-, mí- (e.g., sítsí
! "my nose", sídá "my older sister). This high tone derives
! historically from a nasalized vowel in this prefix, and only
! appear in a small, closed set of lexemes in present-day Tsuut'ina.
!
! iii. Mid-rising-tone possessive prefixes: Possessive prefixes appear
! with a long, mid-to-high rising tone vowel of the form sií-,
! nií-, mií- (e.g., siízá "my son [woman speaking]", siíts'a "my
! daughter [woman speaking]"). These appear only a very limited,
! closed set of lexemes.
!
! B. With an inflected postposition of the form sáa, náa, máa, that appears
! immediately before the possessed noun (e.g., sáa guunijà "my story"
! [alongside siguunijà], sáa 'uncle' "my uncle"). This strategy for
! indicating possession is often used with loanwords from languages like
! English, and the inflected postposition is sometimes written as a prefix
! on the possessed noun (i.e., without any whitespace separating the
! postposition from the possessed noun)
!
! While most possessed nouns occur only appear in one of these possessive
! constructions, a small number are attested in both (e.g., máa guunijà ~
! miguunijà "his/her/its story").
!
!
! 2. Number: Most nouns in Tsuut'ina are not inflected for number (singular
! vs. plural), and do not provide any morphological indications of a number
! distinction. That is, the same noun form can have both singular and plural
! interpretations, based on the context in which it appears (e.g., diná
! "person, people"; tłìk'í más"one knife" vs. akíyí más "two knives").
!
! A small, closed set of Tsuut'ina nouns have distinct singular and plural
! forms. These can be divided into two classes:
!
! 1. Nouns that may appear with the suffix -ká to indicate plural number
! (e.g., tłích'á "dog" ~ tłích'áká "dogs", xaní "cow" ~ xaníká/xanáká
! "cows").
!
! This set is limited to a small number of nouns referring to living
! beings, generally domesticated and semi-domesticated animals (e.g.,
! most livestock, dogs, cats) and, for some speakers, some kinship
! terms (e.g., grandchildren, younger sisters and brothers, etc.).
! This plural suffix appears with both possessed and unpossessed forms
! of these nouns (e.g., ístłíká "horses" ~ silích'àká "my horses").
!
! It should be noted that
!
! i. A number of these nouns whose singular forms contain /i/ come to
! have assimilated pronunciations with /a/ when -ká is added. This
! results in irregular-seeming plural forms (e.g., ístłí "horse" ~
! ástłáká "horses", alongside ístłíká).
!
! ii. Some Tsuut'ina speakers report that -ká may only be used with
! animals and not with kinship terms (cf. TLL-20230619), while
! others accept -ká with both.
!
! 2. Nouns that have suppletive plural forms (e.g., ts'ìdoótsa "girl" ~
! it'óókúwá "girls", k'àt'íní/k'òt'íní "man" ~ k'àt'únághá/k'òt'únághá
! "men").
!
! Many of these nouns can be analyzed as incorporating historical plural
! suffixes with several forms, including:
!
! i. -íghá/ághá (e.g., xàkíjí "chief" ~ xàkújághá "chiefs");
!
! ii. -kúwá (e.g., ts'ootsa "old woman" ~ ts'ookúwá "old women",
! alongside ts'ooká).
!
! iii. -ká (in cases where the stem is shorter in the plural form than
! in the singular, suggesting that this is not an instance of
! regular suffixation of -ká as discussed above; e.g., isgiyá
! "young man" ~ isgááká "young men", xàlítsa "old man" ~ xàlíká
! "old men", ts'ootsa "old woman" ~ ts'ooká "old women").
!
! For the purposes of FST modelling, all of these historical sub-classes
! can be treated synchronically as involving the same kind of suppletive
! relationship between singular and plural forms.
!
! There is also a separate post-nominal marker, yiná, that marks associative
! plurals referring to groups of human beings (e.g., Harold yiná "Harold and
! them", sídá yiná "my older sisters [as a group]"). It would be possible to
! analyze this as part of the nominal morphology surrounding nouns in
! Tsuut'ina, but, since yiná is often written as a separate word (or separated
! by a hyphen), we treat it here as an independent word form.
!
! The following lexc definitions use "+Sg" and "+Pl" tags to indicate the
! value of the number feature of nouns that distinguish singular and plural
! forms (both with the suffix -ká and by suppletion). Nouns that do not
! distinguish singular and plural forms are not marked for this feature.
!
!
! The Big Crow and Big Plume dialect forms of the possessive prefixes defined
! below are widely attested in documentation of Tsuut'ina, and are drawn from
! several sources (e.g., inflected forms found in TLL-20220825). Crowchief
! dialect possessive prefix forms are less well documented; the forms defined
! here are taken from Onespot & Young (1939: MSS 672 BC, Box 1, Folder 22a,
! p. 67; Edward Onespot, speaker), which provides a full list of prefix forms.
! Other attestations of Crowchief dialect possessive prefix forms may exist
! (e.g., in the grammatical elicitation sections of Goddard's unpublished
! Tsuut'ina fieldnotes, particularly in consultation with Annie Onespot, a
! Crowchief dialect speaker), and it may be valuable for those sources to be
! consulted further in future work.
LEXICON NounPrefixes
UnpossessedStems;
miPossessivePrefixes;
miHPossessivePrefixes;
miiHPossessivePrefixes;
maaPossessivePrefixes;

LEXICON miPossessivePrefixes

@U.PX.SG1@:@U.PX.SG1@si miPossessedStems;
@U.PX.SG2@:@U.PX.SG2@ni miPossessedStems;
@U.PX.SG3@:@U.PX.SG3@mi miPossessedStems;
@U.PX.SG3SBJSG3@:@U.PX.SG3SBJSG3@yi miPossessedStems;
@U.PX.SG3SBJSG3COREF@:@U.PX.SG3SBJSG3COREF@di miPossessedStems;
@U.PX.SG3SBJPL3@:@U.PX.SG3SBJPL3@giyi miPossessedStems;
@U.PX.SG4@:@U.PX.SG4@gu miPossessedStems;

@U.PX.PL1@ miPossessivePrefixes12PL;
@U.PX.PL2@ miPossessivePrefixes12PL;
@U.PX.PL3@:@U.PX.PL3@gimi miPossessedStems;
@U.PX.PL3SBJ3@:@U.PX.PL3SBJ3@gu miPossessedStems;
@U.PX.PL3SBJ3COREF@:@U.PX.PL3SBJ3COREF@gidi miPossessedStems;

@U.PX.AREAL@:@U.PX.AREAL@gu miPossessedStems;
@U.PX.GIVEN@:@U.PX.GIVEN@ miPossessedStems;
@U.PX.INDEF@:@U.PX.INDEF@i miPossessedStems;
@U.PX.RECIP@ miPossessivePrefixesRecip;

LEXICON miPossessivePrefixes12PL
@U.DIALECT.BIGCROW@:@U.DIALECT.BIGCROW@nihi miPossessedStems;
@U.DIALECT.BIGPLUME@:@U.DIALECT.BIGPLUME@nahi miPossessedStems;
@U.DIALECT.CROWCHIEF@:@U.DIALECT.CROWCHIEF@nahi miPossessedStems;

LEXICON miPossessivePrefixesRecip
@U.DIALECT.BIGCROW@:@U.DIALECT.BIGCROW@ítłi miPossessedStems;
@U.DIALECT.BIGPLUME@:@U.DIALECT.BIGPLUME@átłi miPossessedStems;
@U.DIALECT.BIGPLUME@:@U.DIALECT.BIGPLUME@ástłi miPossessedStems;
@U.DIALECT.CROWCHIEF@:@U.DIALECT.CROWCHIEF@átłi miPossessedStems;


LEXICON miHPossessivePrefixes

@U.PX.SG1@:@U.PX.SG1@sí miHPossessedStems;
@U.PX.SG2@:@U.PX.SG2@ní miHPossessedStems;
@U.PX.SG3@:@U.PX.SG3@mí miHPossessedStems;
@U.PX.SG3SBJSG3@:@U.PX.SG3SBJSG3@yí miHPossessedStems;
@U.PX.SG3SBJSG3COREF@:@U.PX.SG3SBJSG3COREF@dí miHPossessedStems;
@U.PX.SG3SBJPL3@:@U.PX.SG3SBJPL3@giyí miHPossessedStems;
@U.PX.SG4@:@U.PX.SG4@gú miHPossessedStems;

@U.PX.PL1@ miHPossessivePrefixes12PL;
@U.PX.PL2@ miHPossessivePrefixes12PL;
@U.PX.PL3@:@U.PX.PL3@gimí miHPossessedStems;
@U.PX.PL3SBJ3@:@U.PX.PL3SBJ3@gú miHPossessedStems;
@U.PX.PL3SBJ3COREF@:@U.PX.PL3SBJ3COREF@gidí miHPossessedStems;

@U.PX.AREAL@:@U.PX.AREAL@gú miHPossessedStems;
@U.PX.GIVEN@:@U.PX.GIVEN@ miHPossessedStems;
@U.PX.INDEF@:@U.PX.INDEF@í miHPossessedStems;
@U.PX.RECIP@ miHPossessivePrefixesRecip;

LEXICON miHPossessivePrefixes12PL
@U.DIALECT.BIGCROW@:@U.DIALECT.BIGCROW@nihí miHPossessedStems;
@U.DIALECT.BIGPLUME@:@U.DIALECT.BIGPLUME@nahí miHPossessedStems;
@U.DIALECT.CROWCHIEF@:@U.DIALECT.CROWCHIEF@nahí miHPossessedStems;

LEXICON miHPossessivePrefixesRecip
@U.DIALECT.BIGCROW@:@U.DIALECT.BIGCROW@ítłí miHPossessedStems;
@U.DIALECT.BIGPLUME@:@U.DIALECT.BIGPLUME@átłí miHPossessedStems;
@U.DIALECT.BIGPLUME@:@U.DIALECT.BIGPLUME@ástłí miHPossessedStems;
@U.DIALECT.CROWCHIEF@:@U.DIALECT.CROWCHIEF@átłí miHPossessedStems;


LEXICON miiHPossessivePrefixes

@U.PX.SG1@:@U.PX.SG1@sií miiHPossessedStems;
@U.PX.SG2@:@U.PX.SG2@nií miiHPossessedStems;
@U.PX.SG3@:@U.PX.SG3@mií miiHPossessedStems;
@U.PX.SG3SBJSG3@:@U.PX.SG3SBJSG3@yií miiHPossessedStems;
@U.PX.SG3SBJSG3COREF@:@U.PX.SG3SBJSG3COREF@dií miiHPossessedStems;
@U.PX.SG3SBJPL3@:@U.PX.SG3SBJPL3@giyií miiHPossessedStems;
@U.PX.SG4@:@U.PX.SG4@guú miiHPossessedStems;

@U.PX.PL1@ miiHPossessivePrefixes12PL;
@U.PX.PL2@ miiHPossessivePrefixes12PL;
@U.PX.PL3@:@U.PX.PL3@gimií miiHPossessedStems;
@U.PX.PL3SBJ3@:@U.PX.PL3SBJ3@guú miiHPossessedStems;
@U.PX.PL3SBJ3COREF@:@U.PX.PL3SBJ3COREF@gidií miiHPossessedStems;

@U.PX.AREAL@:@U.PX.AREAL@guú miiHPossessedStems;
@U.PX.GIVEN@:@U.PX.GIVEN@mií miiHPossessedStems; ! CHECK
@U.PX.INDEF@:@U.PX.INDEF@ií miiHPossessedStems; ! CHECK
@U.PX.RECIP@ miiHPossessivePrefixesRecip;

LEXICON miiHPossessivePrefixes12PL
@U.DIALECT.BIGCROW@:@U.DIALECT.BIGCROW@nihií miiHPossessedStems;
@U.DIALECT.BIGPLUME@:@U.DIALECT.BIGPLUME@nahií miiHPossessedStems;
@U.DIALECT.CROWCHIEF@:@U.DIALECT.CROWCHIEF@nahií miiHPossessedStems;

LEXICON miiHPossessivePrefixesRecip
@U.DIALECT.BIGCROW@:@U.DIALECT.BIGCROW@ítłií miiHPossessedStems;
@U.DIALECT.BIGPLUME@:@U.DIALECT.BIGPLUME@átłií miiHPossessedStems;
@U.DIALECT.BIGPLUME@:@U.DIALECT.BIGPLUME@ástłií miiHPossessedStems;
@U.DIALECT.CROWCHIEF@:@U.DIALECT.CROWCHIEF@átłií miiHPossessedStems;


LEXICON maaPossessivePrefixes

@U.PX.SG1@:@U.PX.SG1@sáa% maaPossessedStems;
@U.PX.SG2@:@U.PX.SG2@náa% maaPossessedStems;
@U.PX.SG3@:@U.PX.SG3@máa% maaPossessedStems;
@U.PX.SG3SBJSG3@:@U.PX.SG3SBJSG3@yáa% maaPossessedStems;
@U.PX.SG3SBJSG3COREF@:@U.PX.SG3SBJSG3COREF@dáa% maaPossessedStems;
@U.PX.SG3SBJPL3@:@U.PX.SG3SBJPL3@giyáa% maaPossessedStems;
@U.PX.SG4@:@U.PX.SG4@gwáa% maaPossessedStems;

@U.PX.PL1@ maaPossessivePrefixes12PL;
@U.PX.PL2@ maaPossessivePrefixes12PL;
@U.PX.PL3@:@U.PX.PL3@gimáa% maaPossessedStems;
@U.PX.PL3SBJ3@:@U.PX.PL3SBJ3@gwáa% maaPossessedStems;
@U.PX.PL3SBJ3COREF@:@U.PX.PL3SBJ3COREF@gidáa% maaPossessedStems;

@U.PX.AREAL@:@U.PX.AREAL@gwáa% maaPossessedStems;
@U.PX.GIVEN@:@U.PX.GIVEN@áa% maaPossessedStems;
@U.PX.INDEF@:@U.PX.INDEF@áa% maaPossessedStems; ! CHECK
@U.PX.RECIP@ maaPossessivePrefixesRecip;

LEXICON maaPossessivePrefixes12PL
@U.DIALECT.BIGCROW@:@U.DIALECT.BIGCROW@niháa% maaPossessedStems;
@U.DIALECT.BIGPLUME@:@U.DIALECT.BIGPLUME@naháa% maaPossessedStems;
@U.DIALECT.CROWCHIEF@:@U.DIALECT.CROWCHIEF@naháa% maaPossessedStems;

LEXICON maaPossessivePrefixesRecip
@U.DIALECT.BIGCROW@:@U.DIALECT.BIGCROW@ítłáa% maaPossessedStems;
@U.DIALECT.BIGPLUME@:@U.DIALECT.BIGPLUME@átłáa% maaPossessedStems;
@U.DIALECT.BIGPLUME@:@U.DIALECT.BIGPLUME@ástłáa% maaPossessedStems;
@U.DIALECT.CROWCHIEF@:@U.DIALECT.CROWCHIEF@átłáa% maaPossessedStems;


LEXICON Noun
+N:0 Tags;

LEXICON SingularNoun
+N+Sg:0 Tags;

LEXICON PluralNoun
+N+Pl:0 Tags;

LEXICON Tags
@D.PX@ #;
@R.PX.SG1@+PxSg1:@R.PX.SG1@ #;
@R.PX.SG2@+PxSg2:@R.PX.SG2@ #;
@R.PX.SG3@+PxSg3:@R.PX.SG3@ #;
@R.PX.SG3SBJSG3@+PxSg3+SbjSg3:@R.PX.SG3SBJSG3@ #;
@R.PX.SG3SBJSG3COREF@+PxSg3+SbjSg3+CR:@R.PX.SG3SBJSG3COREF@ #;
@R.PX.SG3SBJPL3@+PxSg3+SbjPl3:@R.PX.SG3SBJPL3@ #;
@R.PX.SG4@+PxSg4:@R.PX.SG4@ #;

@R.PX.PL1@+PxPl1:@R.PX.PL1@ #;
@R.PX.PL2@+PxPl2:@R.PX.PL2@ #;
@R.PX.PL3@+PxPl3:@R.PX.PL3@ #;
@R.PX.PL3SBJ3@+PxPl3+Sbj3:@R.PX.PL3SBJ3@ #;
@R.PX.PL3SBJ3COREF@+PxPl3+Sbj3+CR:@R.PX.PL3SBJ3COREF@ #;

@R.PX.AREAL@+PxAreal:@R.PX.AREAL@ #;
@R.PX.GIVEN@+PxGiven:@R.PX.GIVEN@ #;
@R.PX.INDEF@+PxIndef:@R.PX.INDEF@ #;
@R.PX.RECIP@+PxRecip:@R.PX.RECIP@ #;
32 changes: 0 additions & 32 deletions src/fst/affixes/nouns.lexc
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