Pure pytorch.1.x implementation of RetinaNet

OHEM Loss, Focal Loss, and YOLO Loss on top of FPN

Introduction

This repository implements a pure pytorch Focal-Loss for Object Detection paper. Aim of this repository try different loss functions and make a fair comparison in terms of performance/training -time/-GPU-memory.

At the moment we support pytorch-1.2 and ubuntu with Anaconda distribution of python. Tested on a single machine with 8 GPUs, works on 4 GPUs as well.

This repository is a successive version of FPN.pytorch.1.0. Both are quite different in terms of anchors used and input size. This repository uses anchors from maskrcnn-benchmark while the other has SSD style anchors. Also, input image transformation and size are the same as maskrcnn-benchmark while others have fixed input size, e.g. 600x600.

We only evaluate object detection, there is no support for mask prediction or semantic segmentation. Our objective to reproduce RetinaNet paper in its entirety. Even though the original RetnaNet did not have mask prediction capability but the latest version RetinaMask has it. If you want mask prediction with RentinaNet please go to RetinaMask repo.

Architecture

ResNet is used as a backbone network (a) to build the pyramid features (b). Each classification (c) and regression (d) subnet is made of 4 convolutional layers and finally a convolutional layer to predict the class scores and bounding box coordinated respectively.

Similar to the original paper, we freeze the batch normalisation layers of ResNet based backbone networks. Also, few initial layers are also frozen, see fbn flag in training arguments.

Loss functions

OHEM with multi-box loss function

We use multi-box loss function with online hard example mining (OHEM), similar to SSD. A huge thanks to Max DeGroot, Ellis Brown for Pytorch implementation of SSD and loss function.

Focal loss

Same as in the original paper we use sigmoid focal loss, see RetnaNet. We use pure pytorch implementation of it.

Yolo Loss

Multi-part loss function from YOLO is also implemented here.

Results

Here are the results on coco dataset.

Loss	depth	input	AP	AP_50	AP_75	AP_S	AP_M	AP_L
Focal in paper	50	600	34.3	53.2	36.9	16.2	37.4	47.4
Focal-here	50	600	34.3	52.5	36.1	16.4	37.9	48.0
Yolo	50	600	33.6	52.7	35.6	15.6	37.2	47.7
OHEM	50	600	34.7	52.5	37.0	16.9	37.9	48.9

Details

• Input image size is 600.
• Resulting feature map size on five pyramid levels is [75, 38, 19, 10, 5] on one side
• Batch size is set to 16, the learning rate of 0.01.
• Weights for initial layers are frozen see freezeupto flag in train.py
• COCO would need 3-4 GPUs because the number of classes is 80, hence loss function requires more memory

Installation

• We used anaconda as python 3.7 distribution
• You will need Pytorch1.x
• visdom and tensorboardX if you want to use the visualisation of loss and evaluation
  • if you want to use them set visdom/tensorboard flag equal to true while training
  • and configure the visdom port in arguments in train.py.
• You will need to install COCO-API to use evalute script.

Datasets and other downloads

• Please follow dataset preparation README from prep folder of this repo.
• Weights are initialised with imagenet pretrained models, specify the path of pre-saved models, model_dir in train.py. Download them from torchvision models. This is a requirement of training process.

TRAINING

Once you have pre-processed the dataset, then you are ready to train your networks.

To train run the following command.

python train.py --loss_type=focal

It will use all the visible GPUs. You can append CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=<gpuids-comma-separated> at the beginning of the above command to mask certain GPUs. We used 8 GPU machine to run these experiments.

Please check the arguments in train.py to adjust the training process to your liking.

Evaluation

Model is evaluated and saved after each 25K iterations.

[email protected] is computed after every 25K iterations and at the end.

Coco evaluation protocol is demonstraed in evaluate.py

python evaluate.py --loss_type=focal

COCO-API Result

Here are results on COCO dataset using COCO-API. Results using cocoapi are slightly different than above table what you see during training time.

TODO update the results below.

    Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=   all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.348
    Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50      | area=   all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.525
    Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.75      | area=   all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.370
    Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= small | maxDets=100 ] = 0.169
    Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=medium | maxDets=100 ] = 0.380
    Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= large | maxDets=100 ] = 0.489
    Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=   all | maxDets=  1 ] = 0.298
    Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=   all | maxDets= 10 ] = 0.454
    Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=   all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.487
    Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= small | maxDets=100 ] = 0.268
    Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=medium | maxDets=100 ] = 0.536
    Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= large | maxDets=100 ] = 0.651

TODO

• Improve memory footprint
  • Use clustering for batch making so all the images of similar size
  • see if we can improve loss functions
• Implement multi-scale training
• Implement fast evaluation like in paper