Backport of [NET-11150] ci: fix conditional skip and add safeguard in… #17929

Job	Run time
Setup	5s
get-go-version / Determine Go toolchain version	6s
check-go-mod / check-go-mod	36s
build-amd64	2m 38s
build-386	1m 54s
build-arm	3m 13s
build-s390x	0s
build-distros-success	1s
	8m 33s

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