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H.Necessaire Logo

H's Necessaire

Data and operation extensions for faster .NET (standard2.0) development

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This library groups together various data and operation extensions that I've used and I'm still using for faster .NET development. This document describes all these items along with their use case description and some code samples.

They are grouped in three main areas, each with its own set of functional areas:


Configs

H.Necessaire runtime configs described

  • App.Name optional, defaults to "H.Necessaire"
  • DefaultHasher optional, defaults to SimpleSecureHasher, possible values: SimpleSecureHasher, MD5Hasher

QD Actions

  • QdActions.MaxProcessingAttempts optional, defaults to 3
  • QdActions.ProcessingIntervalInSeconds optional, defaults to 15
  • QdActions.ProcessingBatchSize optional, defaults to 10

FileSystem Storage

  • FileSystemStorageRootFolder optional, defaults to GetRootFolderFromStartAssembly()

Security Admins aka IronMen

  • IronMen.FilePath optional, default to "ironmen.json"
  • IronMen.PassFilePath optional, default to "ironmen.pass.json"

SQL

  • SqlConnections.DefaultConnectionString
  • SqlConnections.DatabaseNames.Core

RavenDB

  • RavenDbConnections.DatabaseNames.Core
  • RavenDbConnections.ClientCertificateName PFX cert must be an embedded resource
  • RavenDbConnections.DatabaseUrls - collection of strings
  • RavenDbConnections.ClientCertificatePassword - if client cert is pass-protected

Azure CosmosDB

  • AzureCosmosDB.URL
  • AzureCosmosDB.Keys - collection of strings
  • AzureCosmosDB.DatabaseID
  • AzureCosmosDB.ContainerID
  • AzureCosmosDB.App or AzureCosmosDB.Application or AzureCosmosDB.AppName or AzureCosmosDB.ApplicationName optional

Google FirestoreDB

  • Google.Firestore.ProjectID
  • Google.Firestore.HNecessaireDefault optional collection name, defaults to HNecessaireDefault
  • Google.Firestore.Auth.Json - googleAuthJsonPath, can also be already set in GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS env. variable and skipped from runtime config

UI

  • BaseUrl optional, defaults to smart determination
  • BaseApiUrl optional, defaults to smart determination
  • SecurityContextCheckIntervalInSeconds optional, defaults to 30
  • SyncIntervalInSeconds optional, defaults to 10
  • Formatting.DateAndTime optional, defaults to "ddd, MMM dd, yyyy 'at' HH:mm 'UTC'"
  • Formatting.Date optional, defaults to "ddd, MMM dd, yyyy"
  • Formatting.Time optional, defaults to "HH:mm"
  • Formatting.Month optional, defaults to "yyyy MMM"
  • Formatting.DayOfWeek optional, defaults to "dddd"
  • Formatting.TimeStampThisYear optional, defaults to "MMM dd 'at' HH:mm"
  • Formatting.TimeStampOtherYear optional, defaults to "MMM dd, yyyy 'at' HH:mm"
  • Formatting.TimeStampIdentifier optional, defaults to "yyyyMMdd_HHmmss_'UTC'"
  • Security.LoginUrl optional, defaults to "/Security/Login"
  • Security.RefreshUrl optional, defaults to "/Security/Refresh"
  • "BffApiSyncRegistryRelativeUrl" optional, defaults to "/sync/sync"

CLI

  • NuSpecRootFolderPath optional, defaults to "C:\H\H.Necessaire\Src\H.Necessaire"

Models

.NET Classes that can be generally used for various intents.


OperationResult

Used to model any kind of operation on which you want to know whether it was successful or not and the reason(s) why.

Definition overview

class OperationResult
{
    bool IsSuccessful
    string Reason
    string[] Comments
    ThrowOnFail()
    FlattenReasons()
}

class OperationResult<T> : OperationResult
{
    T Payload
    T ThrowOnFailOrReturn()
}

Use Case code sample

public OperationResult<Order> ValidateOrder(Order order)
{
    if (order == null)
        return OperationResult.Fail("The order is inexistent").WithoutPayload<Order>();
    if (!order.Items.Any())
        return OperationResult.Fail("The order has no items").WithoutPayload<Order>();

    return OperationResult.Win().WithPayload(order);
}

[...]

OperationResult<Order> orderValidation = ValidateOrder(order);
if (!orderValidation.IsSuccessful)
{
    //log errors
    return;
}

SaveOrder(order);

[...]

Order order = ValidateOrder(order).ThrowOnFailOrReturn();

OperationResultException

Extends AggregateException and is the exception type thrown by OperationResult.ThrowOnFail() or OperationResult<T>.ThrowOnFailOrReturn(). You shouldn't manually instantiate this type of exception.

Definition overview

class OperationResultException : AggregateException
{
    OperationResult OperationResult
}

Note

Used instead of a string-string key value pair for lighter syntax.

Definition overview

struct Note
{
    string Id
    string Value
    static Note[] FromDictionary(Dictionary<string, string> keyValuePairs)
}

VersionNumber

Used to model semantic versioning.

Definition overview

class VersionNumber
{
    int Major
    int Minor
    int Patch
    int Build
    string Suffix

    string Semantic
}

Version

Used to model version number correlation with code reference.

Definition overview

class Version
{
    VersionNumber Number
    DateTime Timestamp
    string Branch
    string Commit
}

NumberInterval

Used to model numeric intervals.

Definition overview

struct NumberInterval
{
    double Min
    double Max
}

IDisposableEnumerable

Used for modelling various use cases when you need to iterate on stuff that are bound to specific context. Best example is iterating over a database stream, when you need to free the connection or any other type of unit of work created to access those external resources.

Definition overview

interface IDisposableEnumerable<T> : IEnumerable<T>, IDisposable

ILimitedEnumerable

Used for modelling limited collections. For instance when doing pagination or virtual pagination on a huge data set.

Definition overview

interface ILimitedEnumerable<T> : IEnumerable<T>
{
  int Offset
  int Length
  int TotalNumberOfItems
}

CollectionOfDisposables

The naming is super clear. It's used for working with a collection of disposable objects so that you don't need to handle each one's disposal. For instance when aggregating something from multiple streams.

Definition overview

class CollectionOfDisposables<T> : IDisposableEnumerable<T> where T : IDisposable
{
  //Constructs
  CollectionOfDisposables(params T[] disposables)
  CollectionOfDisposables(IEnumerable<T> disposables)
}

Use Case code sample

using(var streams = new CollectionOfDisposables(File.OpenRead(@"C:\a.txt"), File.OpenRead(@"C:\b.txt")))
{
  //Process streams
}

IGuidIdentity

Models and object that's identified by a Guid. Usage is obvious.

Definition overview

interface IGuidIdentity
{
  Guid ID
}

IKeyValueStorage

Operation contract for a key-values storage resource. Use case is obvious.

Definition overview

interface IKeyValueStorage
{
  string StoreName { get; }
  Task Set(string key, string value, TimeSpan? validFor = null);
  Task Set(string key, string value, DateTime? validUntil = null);
  Task<string> Get(string key);
  Task Zap(string key);
  Task Remove(string key);//Should be just an alias for Zap. Most devs are not used to the verb "zap"
}

SortFilter

Model used to define a sort criteria

Definition overview

class SortFilter
{
  string By
  SortDirection Direction
  enum SortDirection
  {
    Ascending = 0,
    Descending = 1,
  }
}

ISortFilter

Operation Contract for sorting

Definition overview

interface ISortFilter
{
  SortFilter[] SortFilters
  OperationResult ValidateSortFilters();
}

SortFilterBase

An abstract implementation of ISortFilter to make the use of it easier. When using this class you just need to override the ValidSortNames.

Definition overview

abstract class SortFilterBase : ISortFilter
{
  protected abstract string[] ValidSortNames { get; }
}

PageFilter

Model for pagination criteria.

Definition overview

class PageFilter
{
  int PageIndex
  int PageSize
}

IPageFilter

Operation contract for pagination

Definition overview

interface IPageFilter
{
  PageFilter PageFilter
}

Page

Model for a pagination operation result

Definition overview

class Page<T>
{
  T[] Content
  int PageIndex
  int PageSize
  int? TotalNumberOfPages
  static Page<T> Single(params T[] content)
  static Page<T> Empty(int pageIndex = 0, int pageSize = 0, int totalNumberOfPages = 1)
}

Use Case code sample

class UserFilter : SortFilterBase, IPageFilter { [...] }
Page<User> usersPage = await userResource.Browse(new UserFilter([...]));

Extensions

A bunch of helpful extension methods for collections, exceptions, tasks, Azure, and more. Just read down below.


AzureExtensions

A bunch of helpful Azure extension methods.

DateTime.ToAzureTableStorageSafeMinDate

&

DateTime.ToNetMinDateFromAzureTableStorageMinDate

If you want to store a DateTime.MinValue in a storage account in Azure you'll get an exception. That's because the minimum date that azure storage supports is new DateTime(1601, 1, 1);

Use Case code sample
class MyTableEntity : ITableEntity
{
    [...]
    public void ReadEntity(IDictionary<string, EntityProperty> properties, OperationContext operationContext)
    {
        [...]
        if (properties.ContainsKey(nameof(CreatedAt)))
            CreatedAt = properties[nameof(CreatedAt)].DateTime?.ToNetMinDateFromAzureTableStorageMinDate() ?? DateTime.MinValue;
        [...]
    }

    public static MyTableEntity FromMyEntity(MyEntity entity)
    {
        [...]
        CreatedAt = entity.CreatedAt.ToAzureTableStorageSafeMinDate(),
        [...]
    }
    [...]
}

CollectionExtensions

Batch, containment, array-ing, trimming, etc.

item.In(collection)

&

item.NotIn(collection)

A simpler syntax for checking if an item exists in a collection or not.

Use Case code sample
if (workItem.Status.In(ProcessingStatus.CompletedAndWaitingForApproval, ProcessingStatus.CompletedButRejected))
    return OrderStatus.Reviewing;

collection.Batch(int batchSize)

Splits a collection in batches of the specified size.

Use Case code sample
foreach (IEnumerable<Command> batch in commands.Batch(4))
    result.AddRange(await Task.WhenAll(batch.Select(ProcessCommand).ToArray()));

item.AsArray()

Converts the given item into a one element array. Sugar syntax for new [] { item } or new ItemType[] { item }.

Use Case code sample
var searchResults = await orderResource.SearchOrders(new OrderFilter
{
    CustomerIDs = request.Customer.ID.AsArray(),
    [...]
});

array.Jump(int numberOfElementsToJump)

Safely tries to create a new array without the first numberOfElementsToJump elements. An exception-less alternative to .Skip().

Use Case code sample
var result = new [] { 1, 2, 3 }.Jump(100); //No exception, result will be an empty array.

keywords.TrimToValidKeywordsOnly(int minLength, int maxNumberOfKeywords)

Useful when doing a wildcard search to exclude irrelevant entries and to minimize the max number of search keys and avoid performance issues or overflows.

Use Case code sample
string[] keywordsToSearchFor = filter.Customer?.Keywords?.TrimToValidKeywordsOnly();

DataExtensions

Trimmers, parsers, fluent syntaxes, etc.

number.TrimToPercent()

Used for percent values, mainly for UI projections to make sure you don't display nasty percent value, like -13% or 983465.

Use Case code sample
string ownershipPercentage = $"{Math.Round(OwnershipPercentage.Value.TrimToPercent(), 1)}%");

string.ParseToGuidOrFallbackTo()

&

string.ParseToIntOrFallbackTo()

Used as sugar syntax for if(TryParse(out val)){[...]}

Use Case code sample
Guid? id = "asdasd".ParseToGuidOrFallbackTo(null);

DateTime.IsBetweenInclusive(from, to)

Sugar syntax for date >= from && date <= to

Use Case code sample
if(!date.IsBetweenInclusive(DateTime.Now.AddMonths(-6), DateTime.Now))
    throw new InvalidOperationException("Selected date must in between today and six month ago");

value.And(action)

Used for fluent syntax.

Use Case code sample
Customer customer = new Customer()
    .And(c => c.FirstName = "Hin")
    .And(c => c.LastName = "Tee")
    .And(c => c.ID = Guid.NewGuid())

type.IsSameOrSubclassOf(otherType)

Used to check if a given type is a derivate or same type as the other. Sugar syntax for typeToCheck == typeToCompareWith || typeToCompareWith.IsSubclassOf(typeToCheck).

Use Case code sample
class Customer : User { }
typeof(Customer).IsSameOrSubclassOf(typeof(User));//true

dateTime.ToUnixTimestamp()

Get the UNIX timestamp of a dateTime. Useful for compatibility with external systems, legacy code, cross-platform integration, JS integration

Use Case code sample
var unixStamp = DateTime.Now.ToUnixTimestamp()

long.UnixTimeStampToDateTime()

Get the DateTime out of a UNIX timestamp. Useful for compatibility with external systems, legacy code, cross-platform integration, JS integration

Use Case code sample
DateTime dateTime = 21763457162.UnixTimeStampToDateTime()

dateTime.EnsureUtc()

Makes sure that a given time is UTC so that you don't get unexpected behavior from DateTime.Kind.Unspecified or when persisting or serializing date-times.

Use Case code sample
DateTime utcDate = DateTime.Now.EnsureUtc();

collection.AsDisposableEnumerable()

Converts an IEnumerable<T> into an IDisposableEnumerable<T>. This is just an in-memory wrapper over the enumeration, useful for in-memory mocks of certain resources. For real-world use-cases this shouldn't be used. The resource should always implement IDisposableEnumerable<T> itself

Use Case code sample
int[] numbers = new [] { 1, 2, 3 };
IDisposableEnumerable<User> = numbers.AsDisposableEnumerable();

ExceptionExtensions

Some useful extension methods for C# exceptions.

exception.Flatten()

Flattens the given exception instance. In short it recursively maps the root Exception plus any InnerExceptions and AggregateExceptions to a flat array of Exceptions. Super useful for logging the actual errors when dealing with Tasks, RPCs, DB access, because these scenarios usually hold the actual exception cause inside inner exceptions tree or aggregate exceptions.

Use Case code sample
Exception[] allExceptions = aggExOrExWithInnerExOrCombinationOfBoth.Flatten();

exceptions.ToNotes()

Converts the given exceptions to Note[]. Useful for persistence.

Use Case code sample
Note[] exceptions = aggregateException.Flatten().ToNotes();

FileSystemExtensions

Some useful extension methods dealing with file names.

string.ToSafeFileName()

Converts the given string value to a new string which can safely be used as file name.

Use Case code sample
string fileName = "bubu?*:.txt".ToSafeFileName();//gets converted into bubu.txt
File.WriteAllText($"C:\Users\bubu\Downloads\{fileName}", "File Content");

TaskExtensions

Sugar syntaxes for Task API.

value.AsTask()

Sugar syntax for Task.FromResult(value); Useful mainly when implementing in-memory mocks for interfaces that use the Task API.

Use Case code sample
interface ImAResource
{
    Task ShowMeTheMoney();
}
class InMemoryResource : ImAResource
{
    public Task<int> ShowMeTheMoney()
    {
        return 199.AsTask();
    }
}

action.AsAsync()

Transforms a synchronous Action to an asynchronous Func<Task> so you can safely use it along with the Task API.

Use Case code sample
interface ImAnEngine
{
    Task RunDelayed(Func<Task> thisLogic);
}
[...]
void ReportProgress()
{
    Console.WriteLine("Progress...");
}
[...]
await myEngine.RunDelayed(ReportProgress.AsAsync())

Operations

Data normalizer, unsafe code execution, debounce, throttle, execution time measurement, to name a few. See the full list below.


DataNormalizer

This is used to reduce or expand numeric intervals. For instance you want to reduce a range of values between 100 and 10000 to 0 and 100, so you can present them as a percent.

Definition overview

class DataNormalizer
{
    //Construct
    DataNormalizer(NumberInterval fromInterval, NumberInterval toInterval)

    //Translates the given value from fromInterval to toInterval
    double Do(double value);
}

Use Case code sample

var files = System.IO.Directory.EnumerateFiles(@"C:\Users\bubu\Downloads");
DataNormalizer percentNormalizer = new DataNormalizer(new NumberInterval(0, files.Count()), new NumberInterval(0, 100));
int fileIndex = 0;
foreach(var file in files)
{
    await Backup(file);
    fileIndex++;
    await ReportProgress(percentNormalizer.Do(fileIndex));
}

Debouncer

It is used to make sure that you invoke a specific action only once if sequential calls are made in a given time frame. For instance I want to make sure that DoThis() is called just once even if it is repeatedly invoked 10 times in 10 seconds.

Definition overview

class Debouncer
{
    //Construct
    Debouncer(Func<Task> asyncActionToTame, TimeSpan debounceInterval)

    Task Invoke();

    Dispose();
}

Use Case code sample

Task SearchUsers(string key){ [...] }

//If the user types faster than 1 char / second, we make sure to invoke SearchUsers just once, after he's done typing
var debouncedUserSearch = new Debouncer(SearchUsers, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1))

async Task OnSearchInputTextChanged(TextInput textInput)
{
    [...]
    await debouncedUserSearch.Invoke();
    [...]
}

Throttler

It is used to make sure that you invoke a specific action only once every given time frame while that action is continuously being invoked. For instance I do a super frequent action (e.g.: a file iteration on a huge file tree) but I want to report progress only once a second. This is very similar with the Debouncer except that the execution is not fully debounced to the end of the sequential invocations, but also during them.

Definition overview

class Throttler
{
    //Construct
    Throttler(Func<Task> asyncActionToTame, TimeSpan throttleInterval)

    Task Invoke();
}

Use Case code sample

Task ReportProgress(){ [...] }

//We only want to report progress once a second, no matter how fast an operation goes
var throttledProgressReport = new Throttler(ReportProgress, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1))

async Task BackupFiles()
{
    [...]
    foreach(var file in filesToBackup)
    {
        [...]
        await throttledProgressReport.Invoke();
        [...]
    }
}

ExecutionUtilities

Extensions that help with the execution of unsafe code that we don't want to crash our app or to stop the execution flow. A good example is the interaction with external resources. Say we want to raise a web-hook but we don't want our app to crash if that endpoint is not available but rather fallback to another mechanism.

TryAFewTimesOrFailWithGrace(action)

&

action.TryOrFailWithGrace()

These are the methods used to achieve this behavior. You can see them as a sugar syntax over try{}catch{} plus a retry policy. TryOrFailWithGrace is just an extension method wrapper over the static TryAFewTimesOrFailWithGrace.

Use Case code sample
Task CallExternalWebHook() { [...] }

async Task ProcessCustomerRequest()
{
    [...]
    await 
        CallExternalWebHook
        .TryOrFailWithGrace(
            numberOfTimes: 3,
            onFail: async ex => await LogExceptionAndNotifyAdmins(ex)//This is safely called as well; if an exception is thrown, the execution will continue
        )
}

ScopedRunner

It's used to make sure a certain piece of code is executed event if 'quick return' occurs in the implementation. It does this by implementing IDisposable and thus leveraging the using syntax. A good example here is setting a waiting state on a class.

Definition overview

class ScopedRunner : IDisposable
{
    //Construct
    ScopedRunner(Action onStart, Action onStop)
    Dispose()
}

Use Case code sample

using(new ScopedRunner(() => IsBusy = true, () => IsBusy = false))
{
    var stuffToDo = await GetStuffToDo();

    if(stuffToDo == null)
        return;

    await stuffToDo.Do();
}

TimeMeasurement

This is a practical application of the ScopedRunner used to measure the execution time of a piece of code. Internally it uses a ScopedRunner and a Stopwatch to do the measurement.

Definition overview

class TimeMeasurement : IDisposable
{
    //Construct
    TimeMeasurement(Action<TimeSpan> onDone)
    Dispose()
}

Use Case code sample

void LogDuration(TimeSpan duration) { [...] }

using(new TimeMeasurement(LogDuration))
{
    await RunHeavyStuff();
}

Discussions

Questions, ideas, talks? Ping me on github.

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A collection of useful data and execution extensions for .NET

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