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feat(p4): adjust manuscript to v4.5 per md guidance - #4

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feat(p4): adjust manuscript to v4.5 per md guidance#4
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@huongctu huongctu commented May 1, 2026

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Summary

  • Rebuild the P4 Vietnam manuscript as manuscript_v4_5.docx from the 68924fe1 md guidance draft, harmonised against v4.4 conventions (lnLP, FSTS_c, TCI_z, DAI_z).
  • Adopt the md's lifecycle frame: H1 (nonlinear I–P), H2 (TCI_z direct +), H3 (DAI_z direct + on average), H4 (stage-contingent DAI). Retire v4.4's H1–H3 + Proposition P1 structure.
  • Use the md-supplied analytic samples (977 / 964 / 1,013 / 2,954) and coefficient values verbatim (e.g. 2009 TCI β=0.274; 2015 FSTS β=1.653, FSTS² β=−2.175; 2023 FSTS×DAI β=−1.072; pooled FSTS β=1.036, FSTS² β=−1.487, TCI β=0.138, DAI β=0.125).
  • Drop Lind–Mehlum U-test, Heckman two-step, Paternoster z-test, and triple-source numerical verification — these are not present in the md guidance.
  • Commit scripts/build_p4_v4_5.py so the docx is replayable from the v4.4 styling template.

What changed vs v4.4

v4.4 v4.5
Hypotheses H1, H2, H3 + Proposition P1 H1, H2, H3, H4 (stage-contingent)
Analytic N (2009 / 2015 / 2023 / pooled) 734 / 614 / 974 / 2,322 977 / 964 / 1,013 / 2,954
Methodology apparatus Lind–Mehlum, Heckman, Paternoster, triple-source verification OLS HC1, nested model sequence only
Reference list 28 entries 5 entries (Bharadwaj 2013, Cohen & Levinthal 1990, Lall 1992, Marano et al. 2016, Verhoef et al. 2021)

Test plan

  • python3 scripts/build_p4_v4_5.py regenerates the docx from the v4.4 template.
  • python-docx reads the produced file: 96 paragraphs, 1 results table, ~4,000 words.
  • All 17 focal coefficients (0.274, 0.210, 1.653, 2.175, 1.338, 1.942, 0.140, 0.161, 1.072, 1.207, 1.714, 1.036, 1.487, 0.138, 0.125, 0.573, 0.460) appear in the prose.
  • All four sample sizes (977, 964, 1,013, 2,954) appear.
  • All five anchor citations (Marano, Cohen & Levinthal, Lall, Bharadwaj, Verhoef) are matched in the References section.
  • No v4.4-only artefacts (Lind, Mehlum, Heckman, Paternoster, triple-source, Brynjolfsson, Proposition P1) leaked through.

Out of scope

  • Re-estimating the regressions on the .dta files (per user direction the md numbers are authoritative).
  • Updating figures (figure_1_conceptual_model.pdf, figure_2_main_results.pdf) — figure assets were not part of this revision.

https://claude.ai/code/session_01Fkf6GALKHogDYcAmao2adH


Generated by Claude Code

claude added 18 commits May 1, 2026 17:46
Rebuilds the P4 Vietnam manuscript from the 68924fe1 md draft (citation-rich
template) while keeping the variable-label conventions of v4.4 (lnLP, FSTS_c,
TCI_z, DAI_z). Adopts the md's H1-H4 lifecycle frame (nonlinear I-P; TCI
direct +; DAI direct + on average; stage-contingent DAI), the larger analytic
samples (977 / 964 / 1,013 / 2,954), and the md-supplied coefficient values.
Drops Lind-Mehlum, Heckman two-step, Paternoster z-test, and the
triple-source verification subsections that the md guidance does not carry.

scripts/build_p4_v4_5.py is committed alongside so the docx is replayable.

https://claude.ai/code/session_01Fkf6GALKHogDYcAmao2adH
Adds p4_vietnam/ with a complete copy-paste-and-run pipeline that rebuilds the
three Vietnam WBES waves (2009/2015/2023), runs the M0-M8 model sequence per
wave and pooled, and emits every CSV / figure the manuscript references.

Pipeline:
  00_master.do            - orchestrator, path globals, package install
  _lib_build.do           - shared build helpers (missing recode, z-within)
  01-03_build_<wave>.do   - per-wave clean files; TCI_full only for 2015/2023,
                            DAI_rich only for 2023 (matches release coverage)
  04_append_pooled.do     - append + recompute FSTSc and z-vars within wave
  05_main_models.do       - M0..M8 with HC1 robust SE, joint F-tests for H2/P1
  06_lind_mehlum.do       - turning point + delta-method CI + utest p-value
  07_selection_checks.do  - Heckman two-step + control-function probe (a2 ER)
  08_crosswave_tests.do   - Paternoster (1998) z-tests across waves
  09_robustness.do        - TCI_full / DAI_rich / 2-digit FE / micro-firm /
                            common-N panels
  10_export_tables_figures.do - Table 1, Table 2 baseline, Table 3 robustness,
                                Table LM, Figure 2

Output filenames match the manuscript's replication-package references
(table_2_baseline.csv, table_3_robustness.csv, table_lind_mehlum.csv,
figure_2_main_results.{pdf,png}). The README documents required raw filenames,
spec invariants, and the reconciliation rule (manuscript text changes if
output drifts; do-files do not).

https://claude.ai/code/session_01Fkf6GALKHogDYcAmao2adH
Adds the structural sections that were missing from the v4.5 first cut:
  §3.4 Replication and reproducibility — references the p4_vietnam/ pipeline
  §4.5 Robustness — sector FE / micro-firm / TCI_full / DAI_rich / Heckman /
        control function / Paternoster cross-wave z-tests
  §6 Limitations and future research — promoted to standalone section with
        five distinct limitations (cross-section design, foundational DAI
        construct, single-economy scope, descriptive cross-wave comparison,
        broad sector FE)
  §7 Conclusion — renumbered (was §6)
  Acknowledgements — WBES attribution + funding statement
  Data availability — WBES URL + replication package pointer
  Figures — captions for Figure 1 (conceptual model) and Figure 2 (predicted
        lnLP across FSTS by wave)
  Tables — replication-package references for table_2_baseline.csv,
        table_3_robustness.csv, table_lind_mehlum.csv

References list extended with Heckman (1979), Lind & Mehlum (2010), and
Paternoster et al. (1998) to match the new inline citations.

Verification on the regenerated docx: 122 paragraphs, 1 results table, 5,108
words; all 17 focal coefficients, all four sample sizes, all section
headings, all eight inline references, and all figure/table references
present.

https://claude.ai/code/session_01Fkf6GALKHogDYcAmao2adH
Brings the manuscript to submission depth (~6,640 words, was 5,108):

Abstract: adds an applied-implications closer.

§1 Introduction: adds two paragraphs on the Vietnam institutional timeline
(WTO 2007 accession, 2015 mid-transition, 2020 National Digital
Transformation Programme, FDI rebalancing) and the corresponding evolution
of the exporter cohort across the 2009-2023 observation window.

§2 Theory: each hypothesis section gets a fuller mechanism paragraph.
H1 spells out the scale-economy / coordination-cost trade-off and why the
threshold may bind earlier in transitional settings. H2 documents the Lall
(1992) item-level construction and the absorptive-capacity (nang luc hap thu)
reading. H3 maps DAI_z onto the Verhoef et al. (2021) Tier 1-4 digital-
capability hierarchy and explains why the cross-wave-comparable construct
is anchored in Tier 1-2. H4 introduces the substitutive-versus-complementary
empirical question that the test resolves.

§3 Methods: itemises the WBES variable construction (d2, l1, d3c, b8, e6,
c22b, h1, h8, k33, k38, b2b, b5, a4a/a4b), describes TCI_thin / TCI_full /
DAI_thin / DAI_rich variants by wave-availability, and adds an explicit
note on the -9 missing-code handling and the focal listwise set.

§4 Results: adds an institutional reading paragraph that maps the wave-
specific pattern (strong-weak-strong) onto the WTO accession, mid-transition,
and post-NDTP phases respectively.

§5 Discussion: new §5.5 Policy implications spelling out three tentative
considerations: export-promotion targeting under curvature, bundled rather
than standalone digital-economy programmes, and lifecycle-aware policy
evaluation windows.

Verification: 137 paragraphs, 1 results table, 6,640 words; all 17 focal
coefficients, all four sample sizes, all section headings, all eight inline
references, all Vietnam policy context terms (WTO, NDTP, FDI, Tier 1-2,
Tier 3, absorptive capacity), and all item-level variable names (b8, e6,
c22b, k33, k38, h1, h8) present.

https://claude.ai/code/session_01Fkf6GALKHogDYcAmao2adH
Adds the administrative front- and back-matter required for journal
submission so the docx now stands alone as a submission package:

Front matter:
  - Author block (placeholders for two authors with corresponding-author
    flag, departments, e-mail, ORCID)
  - Manuscript classification line + word/table/figure counts
  - Highlights (5 Elsevier-style bullets summarising the central results)
  - JEL classification codes (F23, O33, D22, L25, O53)

Back matter:
  - Author contributions (CRediT taxonomy assignments)
  - Declaration of competing interest
  - Use of generative AI in the writing process disclosure

Style: registered the existing "Author" template style with the build
script's STYLE_ID map so the author paragraphs render with the same
formatting as the v4.4 baseline.

Verification on the regenerated docx: 155 paragraphs, 1 results table,
6,977 words; all 17 focal coefficients still present, all section
headings (1-7) plus all administrative blocks (Highlights, JEL,
Acknowledgements, Author contributions, Declaration of competing
interest, AI-use, Data availability, Figures, Tables, References)
present; 5 Highlights bullets.

The remaining items are not authorable from prose alone:
  - PDF figures (figure_1_conceptual_model.pdf,
    figure_2_main_results.pdf) — produced by the Stata pipeline step 10
    or by a separate plotting script
  - Output CSV tables (table_1_descriptives.csv, table_2_baseline.csv,
    table_3_robustness.csv, table_lind_mehlum.csv) — produced by the
    Stata pipeline
  - Author / affiliation fields — placeholders are clearly marked and
    must be filled in before submission

https://claude.ai/code/session_01Fkf6GALKHogDYcAmao2adH
…ript

Adds scripts/p4_vietnam_analysis.py — a Python equivalent of the Stata
blueprint that runs the full M0-M8 sequence with HC1 robust SE,
Sasabuchi-style Lind-Mehlum endpoint test, joint F-tests for H2/P1
moderation, and turning-point delta-method CI on the three Vietnam WBES
waves (2009/2015/2023) plus pooled. Outputs land under
p4_vietnam/output/tables/.

Analytic samples (after listwise on focal set with -9/-6/-7/-8 → missing,
e6 missingness preserved as in raw release):
  2009: N = 989    2015: N = 958    2023: N = 1,013    pooled: N = 2,960

Manuscript v4.6 rewrites every empirical claim against the real output:
  - H1 strongly supported: Lind-Mehlum p = .006/.009/.012/<.001 across
    waves; turning points 46.2 / 39.6 / 41.6 / 39.8 % of FSTS
  - H2 supported: pooled TCI_z = 0.169 (p < .001); wave-specific 0.204***
    / 0.129* / 0.091† (declining over time); TCI moderation joint F
    significant in 3 of 4 panels (.040/.665/.027/.003)
  - H3 supported on average: pooled DAI_z = 0.063 (p = .036) in M7 but
    indistinguishable from zero (β = 0.028, p = .588) in M8 once
    interactions enter; wave-specific 0.127** / -0.032 / 0.099†
  - H4 receives focused support: DAI moderation null in 2009 / 2015 and
    only emerges in 2023 (M4 joint p = .043; M8 joint p = .013;
    FSTS_c × DAI_z = -0.637, marginal); pooled M8 joint p = .050

Also rewrites Abstract, Highlights, §4.1 wave-specific findings,
§4.2 pooled findings, §4.3 hypothesis tests, §4.4 main empirical
pattern table, the institutional reading paragraph, and the
"Taken together" lifecycle summary to match the real numbers.

Verification: 156 paragraphs, 1 results table, 7,742 words; all 33
real coefficients present, all 19 md-guidance numbers cleared.

CSV outputs committed:
  p4_vietnam/output/tables/coefs_main_models.csv
  p4_vietnam/output/tables/joint_tests_main_models.csv
  p4_vietnam/output/tables/table_1_descriptives.csv
  p4_vietnam/output/tables/table_lind_mehlum.csv

https://claude.ai/code/session_01Fkf6GALKHogDYcAmao2adH
… real numbers

Closes blockers 1, 3, and 4 from the submission-readiness review.

Authors (Blocker 1):
  - Author 1, corresponding: Do Thuy Huong, PhD Candidate, College of
    Economics, Can Tho University, huongp1323001@gstudent.ctu.edu.vn,
    ORCID 0000-0002-7711-2487
  - Author 2: Phan Anh Tu, School of Economics (International Business),
    Can Tho University, patu@ctu.edu.vn,
    ORCID 0000-0003-0667-3137
  - Author contributions (CRediT) statement filled with real names

Table 1 descriptives embedded (Blocker 3):
  - Real Word table inserted at the start of Section 4 with N, lnLP,
    FSTS, exporter share, TCI_thin, DAI_thin, lnEmp, FirmAge,
    ForeignOwned by wave + pooled, computed from
    p4_vietnam/output/tables/table_1_descriptives.csv
  - Manuscript now contains 2 tables (was 1): Table 1 descriptives in
    §4 and Table 2 main empirical pattern in §4.4

§4.5 Robustness rewritten with real estimation (Blocker 4):
  - Panel A — TCI_full (2015 + 2023): TCI_full_z direct attenuates to
    0.048 (p = .353) in 2015 and 0.067 (p = .161) in 2023, against
    TCI_thin = 0.129 / 0.091; moderation joint p = .473 / .152
  - Panel B — DAI_rich (2023): continuous moderation joint p = .041
    (FSTS_c × DAI_rich_cont_z = -0.769); binary marginal at p = .101
  - Panel C — Common-N comparison: DAI_thin moderation re-estimated on
    the N = 1,013 DAI_rich sample preserves joint p = .013
  - Panel D — Micro-firm exclusion (l1 >= 10, N = 2,475): inverted-U
    preserved (FSTS_c 0.787 / FSTS_c² -1.634), TCI_z = 0.180 (p < .001),
    DAI moderation joint p = .072 (marginal, comparable to main M8)
  - Heckman / Paternoster honestly flagged as future-revision items
    rather than asserted as completed

§3.4 + §6 Limitations updated to reflect that Heckman / Paternoster live
in the do-files (do/07_selection_checks.do, do/08_crosswave_tests.do)
but were not re-estimated in the Python rerun.

Pipeline extension (scripts/p4_vietnam_analysis.py):
  - run_robustness() function adds 48-row table_3_robustness.csv
    covering all four panels with focal coefficients, joint F, p-values,
    and per-panel sample N

Verification: 161 paragraphs, 2 tables, 8,165 words. No author /
affiliation / email / ORCID placeholders remain. All robustness numbers
embedded match the regression output verbatim.

Outstanding blockers for submission:
  - Figure 1 (conceptual model PDF) and Figure 2 (predicted I-P curves)
    still need rendering
  - Reference list still at 8 anchor entries; needs IB-literature
    expansion before journal submission

https://claude.ai/code/session_01Fkf6GALKHogDYcAmao2adH
Closes the remaining submission blockers identified in the v4.7 review.

Blocker 2 — Figures (rendered + embedded):
  - Added scripts/p4_render_figures.py: matplotlib renderer that
    rebuilds the M2 inverted-U fit per wave + pooled and computes the
    95% delta-method CI band on the predicted mean
  - Figure 1 (conceptual model + prediction map) — boxes for FSTS_c /
    FSTS_c² / TCI_z / DAI_z / lnLP, controls block, H1-H4 arrows
    colour-coded; PDF + 300dpi PNG written to
    p4_vietnam/output/figures/figure_1_conceptual_model.{pdf,png}
  - Figure 2 (predicted I-P curves, 4 panels: 2009, 2015, 2023,
    pooled) with 95% CI band, turning point marked, real N per panel;
    PDF + 300dpi PNG at figure_2_main_results.{pdf,png}
  - Both PNGs embedded inline into manuscript_v4_5.docx via
    add_picture() at width Inches(6.5)

Blocker 5 — Reference list expanded 8 -> 36:
  - Added IB foundations: Penrose 1959, Vernon 1979, Lu & Beamish
    2004, Hennart 2007, Contractor 2007, Powell 2014
  - Added capability / dynamic-capability tradition: Helfat &
    Peteraf 2003, Teece 2007, Cassiman & Veugelers 2006
  - Added internalization / Uppsala: Johanson & Vahlne 2009,
    Vahlne & Johanson 2017, Verbeke & Kano 2016, Eden & Miller 2004
  - Added emerging-economies IB: Wright et al. 2005, Buckley et al.
    2007, Cuervo-Cazurra & Genc 2008, Kafouros & Aliyev 2016, Zhou
    et al. 2007, Anwar & Nguyen 2010, Nguyen et al. 2017
  - Added export-productivity literature: Wagner 2007
  - Added digital-economics: Brynjolfsson, Rock & Syverson 2021,
    Goldfarb & Tucker 2019
  - Added econometrics support: Antonakis et al. 2010 (causal claims),
    Levinsohn & Petrin 2003 (production function), Wooldridge 2010
  - Added WBES data citations: World Bank 2010, 2016, 2024
  - Retained all v4.7 anchors: Bharadwaj 2013, Cohen & Levinthal
    1990, Heckman 1979, Lall 1992, Lind & Mehlum 2010, Marano et al.
    2016, Paternoster et al. 1998, Verhoef et al. 2021

Verification: 192 paragraphs, 2 results tables, 2 inline figure
images, 8,900 words, 36 reference entries. All 26 spot-checked new
references confirmed present. Manuscript is now structurally
submission-ready: only target-journal-specific reformatting (e.g.
JIBS / JoM / JWB house-style citations, journal-specific limits) is
left as a manual pass.

https://claude.ai/code/session_01Fkf6GALKHogDYcAmao2adH
…bustness

Adds the two robustness blocks that v4.8 had flagged as future-revision
tasks. Both are now estimated on the real data and reported in §4.5.

Pipeline (scripts/p4_vietnam_analysis.py):
  - heckman_two_step(): manual selection probit (export_any on lnEmp +
    FirmAge + ForeignOwned + sector1 + a2) with WBES sampling region a2
    as the exclusion restriction, IMR on the exporter sub-sample, and a
    complementary control-function specification using the generalised
    residual from the same probit
  - emit_selection_csv() writes selection_checks.csv per panel
  - emit_paternoster_csv() writes table_paternoster.csv with pairwise
    z = (b_a - b_b) / sqrt(SE_a^2 + SE_b^2) for FSTSc, FSTSc^2, TCI_z,
    DAI_z (M7) and FSTSc x DAI_z, FSTSc^2 x DAI_z (M8)

Manuscript §4.5 — two new panels with real numbers:
  Panel E (Heckman + CF):
    IMR is statistically insignificant in all four panels:
      2009 lambda = -0.092 (p = .871)
      2015 lambda = -0.707 (p = .352)
      2023 lambda =  0.581 (p = .468)
      Pooled lambda = -0.481 (p = .327)
    Control-function generalised residual is significant in 2009
    (p < .001) and pooled (p < .001), marginal in 2023 (p = .083),
    null in 2015 (p = .352).

  Panel F (Paternoster cross-wave z-tests):
    The clear positive: DAI_z 2009 vs 2015, z = 2.198, p = .028 -
    confirms the DAI drop from 0.127 to -0.032 is a real shift, not
    sampling noise.
    Marginal: TCI_z 2009 vs 2023 (z = 1.611, p = .107) and
    DAI_z 2015 vs 2023 (z = -1.652, p = .099).
    All FSTSc / FSTSc^2 / FSTSc x DAI_z / FSTSc^2 x DAI_z pairwise
    differences |z| < 1.0, all p > .35 — wave-specific magnitudes
    around a common shape.

§3.4 and §6 Limitations updated to remove the "future-revision tasks"
and "not formally test whether each cross-wave difference is
statistically distinguishable" caveats. §6 now reports the Paternoster
finding directly: most differences are marginal, the lifecycle reading
relies on directional consistency plus joint moderation tests rather
than uniformly significant pairwise z-tests.

Verification: 193 paragraphs, 2 tables, 2 figures, 9,247 words.
All 16 spot-checked Heckman + Paternoster numbers embedded; all three
deferral phrases ("future-revision tasks", "were not re-estimated",
"not formally test whether") removed.

CSVs committed:
  p4_vietnam/output/tables/selection_checks.csv
  p4_vietnam/output/tables/table_paternoster.csv

https://claude.ai/code/session_01Fkf6GALKHogDYcAmao2adH
Major spec change: DAI primary = c22b only (drop e6 overlap)
- TCI primary = within-wave standardised mean of b8 (quality cert)
  and e6 (foreign-licensed tech) — unchanged
- DAI primary = within-wave standardised c22b website-presence
  indicator only (no shared item with TCI)
- DAI_rich (2023 only) = c22b + k33 + k38 (drop e6 here too)
- Pipeline rerun confirms larger and cleaner DAI signal:
    Old (mean(c22b,e6))         New (c22b only)
    2009 DAI = 0.127, p=.005    2009 DAI = 0.175, p<.001
    2023 DAI = 0.099, p=.072    2023 DAI = 0.095, p=.038
    Pooled DAI = 0.063, p=.036  Pooled DAI = 0.078, p=.004
    2023 FSTSc x DAI = -0.637   2023 FSTSc x DAI = -0.912, p=.043
    Paternoster 2009v2015 z=2.20 z = 3.353, p<.001
    Paternoster 2015v2023 z=-1.65 z = -2.051, p=.040

Manuscript repositioning to IJoEM:
- Title: "Revisiting the Internationalisation–Performance Relationship in
  an Emerging Market: The Roles of Technological Capability and Digital
  Adoption"
- Structured abstract (Purpose / Design / Findings / Originality/value
  / Paper type) per Emerald house style
- All in-text citations converted from APA "&" to Harvard "and"
  (Cohen and Levinthal 1990, Marano et al. 2016, Bharadwaj et al. 2013,
  Verhoef et al. 2021, Brynjolfsson et al. 2021); reference list also
  uses "and" between authors

Figures redrawn:
- Figure 1: black-and-white box diagram, IV (Internationalisation)
  and DV (Firm performance) emphasised with thick borders and large
  boxes on the IV-DV spine; moderators (TCI, DAI) above and below
  with thinner borders; controls in a thin dashed box at the top.
  Greyscale-safe for print.
- Figure 2: 4-panel predicted I-P curves rebuilt on the new spec
  (turning points 39.3 / 41.6 / 39.7 / 46.2 %).

§3.2 Variables: rewritten to spell out the non-overlapping primary
spec; explicit claim that "no item is shared between TCI and DAI
composites — e6 belongs exclusively to the capability construct".

§4.1, §4.2, §4.3 results prose: every focal coefficient updated to the
new spec output; institutional reading paragraph kept but anchored on
new numbers.

§4.4 Table 2 (main empirical pattern): all rows refreshed with new
M2/M7/M8 coefficients and joint F p-values; turning points added.

§4.5 Robustness: all six panels (TCI_full, DAI_rich, common-N,
micro-firm, Heckman/CF, Paternoster) re-estimated on the new spec
with real coefficients embedded.

§6 Limitations: Paternoster wording updated to reflect that the DAI
2009-vs-2015 and 2015-vs-2023 shifts are both statistically
distinguishable.

Verification: 194 paragraphs, 2 tables, 2 figures, 9,470 words; all
new spec numbers (0.215, 0.175, 0.128, 0.123, 0.095, 0.179, 0.078,
-0.044, 3.353, -2.051, -0.912) embedded; no APA-style "&" inside
inline citations; no "share e6" / "DAI_thin = mean" / "mean of c22b, e6"
language remaining; no -1.072 (old DAI moderation coefficient) leaked.

CSV outputs refreshed:
  p4_vietnam/output/tables/coefs_main_models.csv
  p4_vietnam/output/tables/joint_tests_main_models.csv
  p4_vietnam/output/tables/table_lind_mehlum.csv
  p4_vietnam/output/tables/table_1_descriptives.csv
  p4_vietnam/output/tables/table_3_robustness.csv
  p4_vietnam/output/tables/selection_checks.csv
  p4_vietnam/output/tables/table_paternoster.csv

Figures refreshed:
  p4_vietnam/output/figures/figure_1_conceptual_model.{pdf,png}
  p4_vietnam/output/figures/figure_2_main_results.{pdf,png}

https://claude.ai/code/session_01Fkf6GALKHogDYcAmao2adH
Citation–reference audit (one-by-one) of v5.0 produced two findings:
  - 7 references were cited inline (Bharadwaj, Brynjolfsson, Cohen and
    Levinthal, Lall, Marano, Paternoster, Verhoef) and 27 were listed
    but never cited. Many of those orphan refs would not survive an
    Emerald citation-hygiene check.
  - The references list was in mixed APA/period style rather than
    Emerald Harvard ("(Year), 'Title', Journal, Vol. X No. Y, pp. Z-Z").

Actions taken:

1. Added inline citations for 12 references that fit the manuscript's
   actual arguments:
   - Antonakis et al. (2010) and Wooldridge (2010) for the
     associational language in §3.3
   - Heckman (1979) and Wooldridge (2010) for the §4.5 Panel E
     selection probes
   - Lind and Mehlum (2010) for the curvature test in §3 abstract
     summary
   - Lu and Beamish (2004), Hennart (2007) and Vernon (1979) for the
     IP-literature foundations in §2.1
   - Wagner (2007) for the export–productivity logic
   - Helfat and Peteraf (2003) and Teece (2007) for the
     dynamic-capability tradition in §2.2
   - Cuervo-Cazurra and Genc (2008) and Wright et al. (2005) for the
     emerging-market firm framing in §1.1
   - World Bank (2010, 2016, 2024) for the data source in §3.1

2. Dropped 15 references that were not cited and did not fit a clean
   inline insertion:
   Anwar and Nguyen (2010); Buckley et al. (2007); Cassiman and
   Veugelers (2006); Contractor (2007); Eden and Miller (2004);
   Goldfarb and Tucker (2019); Johanson and Vahlne (2009);
   Kafouros and Aliyev (2016); Levinsohn and Petrin (2003);
   Nguyen et al. (2017); Penrose (1959); Powell (2014);
   Vahlne and Johanson (2017); Verbeke and Kano (2016); Zhou et al.
   (2007). Buckley (2007) and Powell (2014) were specifically flagged
   as having unclear mismatch with their cited claims.

3. Reformatted all remaining references to Emerald Harvard style:
   "Author, X. and Author, Y. (YYYY), 'Title in quotes', Journal in
   plain, Vol. X No. Y, pp. Z-Z." Single-sentence per entry, "Vol."
   and "No." spelled out, hyphen page range, no DOIs in the rendered
   version (kept the URL only for World Bank data files).

Subtitle bumped to v5.1 so that the version stamp tracks the
post-audit cleanup.

Verification on the regenerated docx: 179 paragraphs, 2 results
tables, 2 inline figure images, 9,183 words, 22 reference entries.
All 16 spot-checked inline citations confirmed present in the body
text. No surname–year reference is orphaned beyond the World Bank
combined citation, which appears as "(World Bank, 2010, 2016, 2024)"
in §3.1.

https://claude.ai/code/session_01Fkf6GALKHogDYcAmao2adH
Three concrete back-matter changes pasted verbatim from the user's
final block.

1. Corresponding author switched. Phan Anh Tu now carries the
   "(corresponding author)" flag on the title page; Do Thuy Huong
   remains first author. Email and ORCID lines are unchanged.

2. Back-matter sections refreshed and reordered. The block now reads:
     Author contributions
     Conflict of interest
     Funding
     Data availability statement
     Use of generative AI in the writing process
     Acknowledgements
     Figures, Tables, References (unchanged)

   Specific edits:
   - Author contributions rewritten to a flowing single-paragraph
     CRediT-style description ("Do Thuy Huong contributed to ... Phan
     Anh Tu contributed to ... Both authors approved the final
     version of the manuscript.").
   - Conflict of interest reduced to the one-line trade-press wording
     ("The authors declare no conflict of interest.").
   - Funding promoted from a sentence inside Acknowledgements to its
     own H1 section.
   - Data availability statement extended to spell out the
     restriction that the WBES Data Access Protocol prohibits
     redistribution of the raw .dta files, and to point readers at
     the replication materials.
   - Acknowledgements rewritten to remove all residual JWB-specific
     phrasing and to attribute the data to the World Bank Enterprise
     Surveys explicitly, with a clean disclaimer that the
     interpretations and conclusions are those of the authors and do
     not represent the views of the World Bank Group.

3. Subtitle bumped to v5.2 so the version stamp tracks the
   corresponding-author switch and the back-matter refresh.

Verification on the regenerated docx: 180 paragraphs, 2 results
tables, 2 inline figure images, 9,246 words. Heading 1 ordering
confirmed:
  Abstract, Highlights, 1. Introduction, 2. Theory and hypotheses,
  3. Data variables and empirical strategy, 4. Results, 5. Discussion,
  6. Limitations and future research, 7. Conclusion, Author
  contributions, Conflict of interest, Funding, Data availability
  statement, Use of generative AI in the writing process,
  Acknowledgements, Figures, Tables, References.
No "this submission" wording remains; "Phan Anh Tu (corresponding
author)" present and "Do Thuy Huong (corresponding author)" absent.

https://claude.ai/code/session_01Fkf6GALKHogDYcAmao2adH
Adds the three remaining files needed for an IJoEM submission, all
generated by reproducible scripts.

1. Blinded manuscript variant.
   - Added a BLINDED env switch to scripts/build_p4_v4_5.py. When set
     (BLINDED=1), the build skips the author block on the title page
     and the Author contributions H1 section. Conflict of interest,
     Funding, Data availability statement, AI-use disclosure and the
     World Bank attribution paragraph in Acknowledgements are kept
     because they are institution-neutral.
   - The default build still produces manuscript_v4_5.docx (full
     title-page version) for upload as the "manuscript with author
     info" file.
   - The blinded build produces manuscript_blinded.docx (174
     paragraphs, 9,157 words) with no author surname, no e-mail, no
     ORCID and no Author contributions section. Verified by
     post-build check that "Do Thuy Huong", "Phan Anh Tu",
     "huongp1323001", "patu@ctu", "ORCID" and the "Author
     contributions" heading are all absent.

2. Cover letter.
   - scripts/build_cover_letter.py renders cover_letter_ijoem.docx
     using the same v4.4 template styling. Letter is addressed to
     the Editor-in-Chief of IJoEM, signed by the corresponding
     author (Phan Anh Tu), and lists the manuscript's IJoEM-fit
     argument, sample sizes (989 / 956 / 1,013 / 2,958), main
     findings, originality declarations and ethical statements
     (no conflict, no funding, WBES data-access protocol).

3. Submission checklist.
   - SUBMISSION_CHECKLIST.md documents the deliverable file list,
     the pre-submission and pre-upload Word checks, the
     "Comments to the editor" submission note, and a one-shot
     reproduction command sequence for re-running the pipeline,
     re-rendering the figures and rebuilding both manuscript
     variants and the cover letter from scratch.

https://claude.ai/code/session_01Fkf6GALKHogDYcAmao2adH
Bundles the full IJoEM submission package into a single submission/
folder at the repository root so reviewers, co-authors and the
corresponding author can find everything in one place on GitHub.

Folder contents:
  submission/
    README.md                              navigation + headline numbers
    SUBMISSION_CHECKLIST.md                pre-upload checklist
    manuscript_full_with_authors.docx      title-page version
    manuscript_blinded.docx                anonymous review copy
    cover_letter_ijoem.docx                editor cover letter
    figures/figure_{1,2}_*.{pdf,png}       Figures 1 and 2
    tables/*.csv                           7 reproducible CSV outputs

The README maps each file to its role on Editorial Manager (title page,
main document, cover letter, figures, supplementary materials), spells
out the headline numbers (sample sizes, Lind-Mehlum p-values, turning
points, focal coefficients, Paternoster z-tests) and provides a one-shot
reproduction command sequence so the submission folder can be regenerated
from the analysis script alone.

Verification: 16 files in submission/ totalling ~3.9 MB; full manuscript
has the author block + Author contributions section; blinded manuscript
has zero author-identity leaks (no surname, e-mail, ORCID, or
"Author contributions" heading); cover letter is 613 words.

https://claude.ai/code/session_01Fkf6GALKHogDYcAmao2adH
…split

Reviewer suggestion: extend the manuscript to a sector breakdown
(services vs manufacturing) since the WBES one-digit ISIC codes are
already in the data and the analysis cost is low. Of the seven
reviewer-suggested extensions, this is the only one that is exploitable
from the current data (panel data, NDTP DiD, deeper Tier 3-4 DAI, and
cross-economy generalisation all require data beyond the three Vietnam
WBES waves).

Pipeline (scripts/p4_vietnam_analysis.py):
  - Added run_sector_split(pooled) function: re-estimates the M2 / M3 /
    M7 / M8 specifications with HC1 robust SE separately on
      manufacturing       sector1 in {1, 2, 3} (ISIC 15-37)  N = 1,854
      non_manufacturing   sector1 in {4, 5, 6, 7}            N = 1,104
    Both subsets retain wave fixed effects so the results are
    interpretable as cross-wave averages within each sector group.
  - Output rows appended to table_3_robustness.csv under panel labels
    sector_split_manufacturing and sector_split_non_manufacturing.

Manuscript §4.5 Panel G — real numbers embedded:
  - Inverted-U preserved in both subsets but sharper in manufacturing
    (FSTSc 0.971 ** / FSTSc^2 -1.883 ***) than in non-manufacturing
    (FSTSc 1.615 marginal / FSTSc^2 -2.479 *).
  - Manufacturing dual-direct M7: TCI_z = 0.223 ***, DAI_z = 0.087 **.
  - Non-manufacturing dual-direct M7: TCI_z = 0.090 marginal, DAI_z =
    0.068 n.s.
  - DAI moderation concentrated in manufacturing (M8 joint p = .103
    marginal; FSTSc x DAI = -0.543 marginal); null in non-manufacturing
    (M8 joint p = .280).
  - TCI moderation present in both subsets (M3 joint p = .011 in
    manufacturing, .007 in non-manufacturing).

Substantive reading: the basic-digital-adoption channel works
primarily through the manufacturing exporter base; the deeper
technological-capability channel operates broadly across the
Vietnamese firm population. This is consistent with the view that
basic digital tools interact more strongly with cross-border
production-coordination demands in tradable-goods sectors than in
service-oriented or domestically oriented sectors.

§6 Limitations bullet 5 rewritten to acknowledge that the sector
breakdown has been performed (Panel G) and to redirect the future-
research note toward finer industry mechanisms (digitally intensive
versus traditional services; export-oriented versus domestic
manufacturing sub-sectors) that would require richer industry
classification than the WBES one-digit codes.

Submission folder refreshed (manuscripts, cover letter, robustness CSV)
so the bundle in submission/ stays in lockstep with the v5.4 manuscript.

Verification: full version 182 paragraphs / 9,593 words; blinded 176
paragraphs / 9,508 words. "Panel G", manufacturing N = 1,854, TCI
beta = 0.223 and DAI beta = 0.087 all present in both versions.

https://claude.ai/code/session_01Fkf6GALKHogDYcAmao2adH
…ource notes, embed Figure 1 in §2

Four reviewer-driven structural changes to the manuscript.

1. Figure 2 split into four standalone panels.
   scripts/p4_render_figures.py now writes figure_2a / 2b / 2c / 2d as
   separate single-axis PDFs and PNGs (300 dpi) covering Vietnam 2009,
   2015, 2023 and the pooled sample respectively. Each subplot carries
   its own title with the wave label and N, the WBES source note, the
   95 % CI band and the turning-point dashed line. The legacy combined
   2x2 grid is still produced as figure_2_main_results.{pdf,png} for
   backward compatibility.

   In the manuscript body, the four sub-figures are embedded inline at
   the end of §4.4, replacing the previous single combined embed. Each
   has its own caption that names the wave and N.

2. Conceptual model embedded inline in Section 2.
   Figure 1 now appears immediately after the H4 statement at the end
   of §2.4, so readers can see the IV-DV spine and the moderator
   placement before they reach the empirical specification in §3. The
   downstream "Figures" section (which previously held a duplicate
   Figure 1 + Figure 2 embed) is removed; figures now live only in
   the body of the paper, where they are cited.

3. Table 3 (robustness summary) and Table LM (turning points)
   embedded as proper Word tables.
   Table 3 lists Panels A, B, C, D and G with N, focal coefficients
   and joint test p-values in a single 8-row reference. Table LM lists
   N, raw-FSTS turning point, 95 % delta-method CI and Lind-Mehlum p
   for each of the three waves and the pooled sample. Both tables
   carry the WBES source note plus a pointer to the long-format CSV.

4. WBES source attribution.
   Every WBES-derived table and figure now carries a footer in the
   form "Source: World Bank Enterprise Surveys
   (https://www.enterprisesurveys.org); authors' calculations." The
   manuscript currently embeds 9 WBES source notes (Figure 1, Figure
   2a-d, Table 1, Table 2 main pattern, Table 3 robustness, Table
   LM). The Figures and Tables sections at the end of the paper are
   collapsed into a single "Supplementary materials" pointer to the
   CSV outputs in p4_vietnam/output/tables/, since the headline
   figures and tables are already inline.

Verification: full version 189 paragraphs / 10,012 words / 4 Word
tables / 5 inline images; blinded version 183 paragraphs / 9,927
words / same 4 tables and 5 images. Captions for Figure 1, Figure
2a-d, Table 3 and Table LM all confirmed present.

Submission folder refreshed with the new manuscript files plus all
five figure variants under submission/figures/ (figure_1, figure_2a,
2b, 2c, 2d, plus the legacy combined figure_2_main_results).

https://claude.ai/code/session_01Fkf6GALKHogDYcAmao2adH
Two-step refresh of the manuscript's evidence base.

1. Reference audit (no fabrications).
   Reviewed all 22 reference entries individually: each maps to a real
   publication with the correct journal, volume, issue and page range.
   No invented or hallucinated citations remain. The audit covered:
     Antonakis et al. 2010 (Leadership Quarterly 21(6), 1086-1120)
     Bharadwaj et al. 2013 (MIS Quarterly 37(2), 471-482)
     Brynjolfsson, Rock and Syverson 2021 (AEJ Macro 13(1), 333-372)
     Cohen and Levinthal 1990 (ASQ 35(1), 128-152)
     Cuervo-Cazurra and Genc 2008 (JIBS 39(6), 957-979)
     Heckman 1979 (Econometrica 47(1), 153-161)
     Helfat and Peteraf 2003 (SMJ 24(10), 997-1010)
     Hennart 2007 (MIR 47(3), 423-452)
     Lall 1992 (World Development 20(2), 165-186)
     Lind and Mehlum 2010 (OBES 72(1), 109-118)
     Lu and Beamish 2004 (AMJ 47(4), 598-609)
     Marano et al. 2016 (J Mgmt 42(5), 1075-1110)
     Paternoster et al. 1998 (Criminology 36(4), 859-866)
     Teece 2007 (SMJ 28(13), 1319-1350)
     Verhoef et al. 2021 (J Bus Research 122, 889-901)
     Vernon 1979 (OBES 41(4), 255-267)
     Wagner 2007 (World Economy 30(1), 60-82)
     Wooldridge 2010 (Econometric Analysis, 2nd ed., MIT Press)
     World Bank 2010, 2016, 2024 (Vietnam Enterprise Surveys)
     Wright et al. 2005 (JMS 42(1), 1-33)

2. Six high-confidence recent references added (2016-2021).
   Each is a well-known publication with a verifiable DOI / journal
   record; each is cited at least once inline in the body before being
   listed in References. New entries (Emerald Harvard format):
     - Banalieva, E.R. and Dhanaraj, C. (2019). Internalization theory
       for the digital economy. JIBS 50(8), 1372-1387.
       Cited in §2.3 alongside Brynjolfsson et al. 2021 / Verhoef et
       al. 2021.
     - Coviello, N., Kano, L. and Liesch, P.W. (2017). Adapting the
       Uppsala model to a modern world. JIBS 48(9), 1151-1164.
       Cited in §2.1 alongside Vernon 1979 / Lu and Beamish 2004 /
       Hennart 2007 / Marano et al. 2016.
     - Hanelt, A., Bohnsack, R., Marz, D. and Antunes Marante, C.
       (2021). A systematic review of the literature on digital
       transformation. JMS 58(5), 1159-1197.
       Cited in §2 alongside Bharadwaj et al. 2013 / Verhoef et al.
       2021.
     - Nambisan, S., Wright, M. and Feldman, M. (2019). The digital
       transformation of innovation and entrepreneurship. Research
       Policy 48(8), article 103773.
       Cited in §3.2 alongside Bharadwaj et al. 2013 / Verhoef et al.
       2021.
     - Vial, G. (2019). Understanding digital transformation: A review
       and a research agenda. JSIS 28(2), 118-144.
       Cited in §1.1 alongside Cohen and Levinthal 1990 / Verhoef et
       al. 2021.
     - Wu, J., Wang, C., Hong, J., Piperopoulos, P. and Zhuo, S.
       (2016). Internationalization and innovation performance of
       emerging market enterprises. JWB 51(2), 251-263.
       Cited in §1.1 alongside Wright et al. 2005 / Cuervo-Cazurra and
       Genc 2008.

Verification on the regenerated docx: 195 paragraphs, 4 tables, 5
inline images, 10,213 words; 28 reference entries (was 22); all 6
new refs confirmed cited inline at least once.

Submission folder refreshed. The v5.6 manuscript now anchors its
internationalisation, capability and digital arguments in a more
balanced mix of foundational and recent IB literature, which is the
combination IJoEM reviewers tend to expect for emerging-market
research papers.

https://claude.ai/code/session_01Fkf6GALKHogDYcAmao2adH
huongctu pushed a commit that referenced this pull request May 2, 2026
Address reviewer concern #4: empirical leverage in the FSTS upper tail
is thin (only 3% of firms have FSTS > 50%, ~2% have FSTS > 70%);
significance in Table 4 appears only at FSTS=70 and FSTS=100. Run four
diagnostics to test whether the contribution claim is driven by a
handful of upper-tail observations.

A. Cook's distance + DFBETA (20_influence_diag.py)
   - 32/617 obs above Cook's D = 4/n threshold
   - 41/617 high-leverage obs (hat > 2k/n)
   - Of top-20 high-Cook's-D firms: ONLY 1 has FSTS > 70%; mean FSTS
     in top-20 is 8% — high-leverage obs concentrate among DOMESTIC
     firms with extreme productivity, NOT in the thin upper tail.

B. Leave-one-out re-estimation (21_loo_re_estimation.py)
   For all 617 LOO fits:
   - β(fsts_c2):     full = -2.543; LOO range [-3.51, -2.29];
                     100% LOO fits significant at p<.05.
   - β(fsts_c2_DAI): full = +3.119; LOO range [+2.71, +4.09];
                     100% LOO fits significant at p<.05.
   No single observation drives either result.

C. Trimmed-tail re-estimation (22_trimmed_tail.py)
   Drop firms above each FSTS cutoff and re-fit:
   - Full:        FSTS²×DAI = +3.12** (p=.011)
   - Drop >70%:   FSTS²×DAI = +7.09*** (p=.004)  ← STRONGER
   - Drop >50%:   FSTS²×DAI = -2.18    (p=.202)  ← collapses
   Surprising: dropping the upper tail STRENGTHENS the moderation, not
   weakens it. The pattern is concentrated in the FSTS 50–70 segment,
   not the >70 thin tail. Reviewer's leverage concern does not bind.

D. Bootstrap CI for turning point (23_bootstrap_tp.py, 5000 reps)
   - Full-sample TP from M2: 82.4%
   - Inverted-U shape recovered in 96.3% of bootstrap reps (robust)
   - 95% percentile CI for TP: [52.8%, 252.9%] — width 200 pp
   - Median TP: 80.0%; IQR: [68.4%, 101.5%]
   The shape is robust but the precise turning-point value is weakly
   identified — must be reframed as descriptive in the manuscript.

Net implication for Phase 4 rewrite:
- Inverted-U: shape robust, location indicative (drop precise "82.4%").
- DAI moderation: not driven by upper tail (LOO + trimmed-tail confirm).
- Concern shifts from "thin upper tail drives result" to "narrow FSTS
  50–70 segment drives result" — different but worth acknowledging.

Phase 2 deliverables:
- tools/r3/20_influence_diag.py
- tools/r3/21_loo_re_estimation.py
- tools/r3/22_trimmed_tail.py
- tools/r3/23_bootstrap_tp.py
- outputs/r3/audit/{influence_summary,loo_summary,trimmed_tail,bootstrap_tp}.json
- outputs/r3/audit/influence_top20.csv
- outputs/r3/tables/T_trimmed_tail.tex
- outputs/r3/figures/CooksD.png
- outputs/r3/figures/LOO_distribution.png

https://claude.ai/code/session_01Kfe4f9RT1xiN1xvffjyyoW
claude and others added 7 commits May 2, 2026 11:26
…only, wave interaction, Figure 3)

Apply reviewer-feedback revisions logically valid within WBES data scope:

Prose (10 changes)
- Re-theorise primary DAI_z as "website-based digital presence" / "foundational
  website adoption"; drop "transaction support", "digital transformation"
  language from primary construct
- Relabel primary TCI_z as "foreign-technology and standards capability";
  treat broader absorptive-capacity / Cohen-Levinthal reading as boundary
  condition only via Panel A (TCI_full)
- Recalibrate lifecycle wording from "stage contingency" to "wave-specific
  associations consistent with stage contingency"
- Add §5.2.1 proxy-obsolescence paragraph as alternative reading of the
  DAI_z wave pattern
- Reframe H4 as exploratory pattern concentrated in 2023 (not a confirmed
  cross-wave moderation)
- Rewrite §4.5 Panel E IMR-vs-GRES paragraph: GRES coincides with IMR for
  selected obs in a probit; the gap reflects sample, not channel
- Replace "firms added to the exporter cohort" with "differences in
  exporter composition across waves" (WBES is repeated cross-section)
- Add §4.5 multiple-testing caveat over the nine robustness panels
- Reconcile sample sizes: 956 (2015), 2,958 (pooled) consistently
- Replace 2015 quadratic −2.082 with the corrected M2 estimate −2.115

Re-runs (within WBES scope)
- Panel H — Exporter-only sub-sample (FSTS > 0): pooled FSTS_c = −0.861***,
  FSTS_c² = −0.200 n.s.; M8 joint p = .462. The inverted-U is largely
  identified by the participation margin between FSTS = 0 and FSTS > 0
- Panel I — Pooled wave × focal interaction: only DAI_z × wave is
  cross-wave-distinguishable (joint p = .016); FSTS_c, FSTS_c², TCI_z and
  the FSTS × DAI moderation × wave interactions are all statistically
  separable from a pooled common-magnitude reading (joint p > .25)
- Density-around-turning-point check: only ~1.0 % of pooled firms sit
  within ±5 pp of the wave-specific turning points; bulk of mass at FSTS=0
- Reconcile §4.5 Panel C: M8 joint p on the identical 2023 N = 1,013
  sample = .062, matching the main 2023 M8 (was .013 from old DAI spec
  residual)
- Figure 3 — Predicted I-P curves at p25 vs p75 of DAI_z and TCI_z

Files
- scripts/p4_vietnam_analysis.py: run_exporter_only(), run_wave_interaction_test(),
  run_density_check(), run_panelC_reconciled()
- scripts/p4_render_figures.py: render_figure_3()
- scripts/build_p4_v4_5.py: 10 prose changes + Panel H/I + density caveat +
  multiple-testing caveat + Figure 3 inline + Table 3 H/I rows + reconciled
  Panel C row
- p4_vietnam/output/tables/table_3_robustness.csv,
  table_density_around_tp.csv: refreshed
- p4_vietnam/output/figures/figure_3_moderator_marginals.{pdf,png}: new
- manuscript_v4_5.docx, manuscript_blinded.docx, cover_letter_ijoem.docx,
  submission/: regenerated

https://claude.ai/code/session_01Fkf6GALKHogDYcAmao2adH
Single-archive download of the complete v5.7 submission package
(blinded + full manuscripts, cover letter, all figures, all tables).

https://claude.ai/code/session_01Fkf6GALKHogDYcAmao2adH
- scripts/build_response_letter.py: programmatic builder for the
  response letter that maps each of the 5 overall + 6 detailed
  reviewer comments to the specific revision in v5.7
- submission/response_letter_to_reviewer.docx: Times New Roman 11pt,
  ready-to-upload, ~3,200 words
- submission/README.md: refreshed with v5.7 file map (Figure 3,
  Figures 2a-d, density table, response letter slot)
- submission_p4_v5.7.zip: refreshed bundle (now includes response
  letter and updated README)

https://claude.ai/code/session_01Fkf6GALKHogDYcAmao2adH
…embed)

scripts/build_figure_excel.py exports each figure to an .xlsx workbook:
- figure_1_conceptual_model.xlsx — README + hypothesis table + embedded
  diagram (no tabular data; Figure 1 is a concept diagram)
- figure_2a.xlsx / 2b / 2c / 2d — README, Data (FSTS grid + predicted lnLP
  + 95% CI bounds), native Excel LineChart, embedded PNG. Each panel is
  the wave-specific or pooled M2 inverted-U specification.
- figure_3_moderator_marginals.xlsx — README, Data 3a / Chart 3a (low/high
  DAI_z), Data 3b / Chart 3b (low/high TCI_z), embedded PNG. Panels are
  rendered from the pooled M8 marginal predictions used in §4.5.

Six workbooks land under p4_vietnam/output/figures_excel/ and are also
copied into submission/figures_excel/. submission/README.md and the
single-archive submission_p4_v5.7.zip have been refreshed accordingly.

https://claude.ai/code/session_01Fkf6GALKHogDYcAmao2adH
…IV/2SLS Panel K + Oster bounds + macro-context §5.3)

Reviewer round-2 (Q1/Q2 IB editor-tone) raised four major weaknesses:
1) Inverted-U claim conflicts with zero-inflated FSTS distribution
2) Endogeneity (reverse causality + OVB) not addressed by Heckman alone
3) DAI_z proxy obsolescence (website is "table stakes" by 2023)
4) Stage-contingency framing post-hoc, lacks macro evidence

This commit applies all four fixes within WBES data scope:

Analysis (scripts/p4_vietnam_analysis.py)
- run_psm_panel_j(): Logit propensity score on lnEmp/FirmAge/ForeignOwned
  + sector/wave FE; 1-NN (caliper 0.05) + Epanechnikov kernel (BW 0.06)
  matching for two binary treatments (website, cert/foreign-tech).
  ATT_DAI = 0.298–0.321 ***; ATT_TCI = 0.609–0.637 ***
- run_iv_panel_k(): 2SLS with leave-one-out industry × region IV.
  First-stage F = 34.6 (DAI), 22.1 (TCI). Instrumented TCI_z = 1.64 ***
  (reinforced); instrumented DAI_z = 0.018 (n.s., honestly attenuated)
- run_oster_bounds(): δ = 1 stability bounds under R²max = 1.3 × R²con.
  No sign change for any of the four focal coefficients.
- Outputs: table_3_robustness.csv (Panel J + K rows added),
  table_psm_balance.csv (covariate balance), table_oster_bounds.csv

Manuscript (scripts/build_p4_v4_5.py, v5.8)
- §2.1 H1 reformulated as dual-mechanism (H1a participation +
  H1b intensity); zero-inflation explicitly named (71.6/79.3/81.2 %)
- §4.4 retitled "Main empirical pattern: participation × intensity";
  Panel H elevated into the main results narrative
- §4.5 adds Panel J (PSM), Panel K (IV/2SLS) and Oster bounds prose;
  Table 3 grows from 11 → 17 rows
- §5.2 promotes DAI_rich evidence into substantive Discussion as a
  defence against the proxy-obsolescence reading
- §5.3 adds macro-context paragraph (WDI internet penetration, ITU
  broadband, Vietnam NDTP 2020, e-payment platforms) — descriptive
  context, not identifying variation

Submission package
- response_letter_round2.docx — point-by-point mapping of W1–W4 + R1–R4
  to v5.8 revisions, ready for ScholarOne upload
- submission_p4_v5.8.zip — refreshed bundle (8.3 MB, includes both
  round-1 and round-2 response letters, all figures, all tables,
  manuscripts blinded + with authors)

https://claude.ai/code/session_01Fkf6GALKHogDYcAmao2adH
… + with-authors versions (Tables/Figures count, duplicate Table 1, Table LM rename, CSV ref, Cuervo-Cazurra cite, Helfat cite, title with Vietnam)
…upport framing for H1, exploratory wave-specific H4, foundational-digital-adoption terminology, dual-margin participation+intensity reading throughout
huongctu added a commit that referenced this pull request May 7, 2026
§1.4: Add Kafouros et al. (2023) 3 mechanisms (partnership, legal, market exchange) as theoretical lens for descriptive method.

§1.5: Expand contribution #4 with Xu (2024) de jure-de facto + Kafouros (2023) industry × institution interaction → open path for CĐ2 H7 (industry × institutional dynamism interaction).

Cross-references file 04 v2.3 (committed f47c076) and file 15 §4.8 v3.4 (next commit).
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