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Formal Systems in Biology

A collection of resources that apply formal systems to model biological processes. Some easily accessible books to understand the general approaches in this field are also included.

McCullough-Pitts Work

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McCullouch and Pitts study of neurons in biology birthed the pivotal paper that kickstarted A.I., regular languages, and digital computers. It was the only paper included in the EDVAC report by John Von Neumann.

An interactive demo of their model is available here: https://justinmeiners.github.io/neural-nets-sim/

Stanisław Ulam and Jon Von Neumann

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./img/neumann-pierce-drawings.png

L Systems

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./img/lsystem-2.png

Karl Sims

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Walter Fontana and Leo Buss (1996)

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Regev, Silvermann, Shapiro

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Ehud Lamm and Ron Unger

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P System

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Alan Turing

./img/reaction-diffusion.png Reaction-Diffusion Systems

Marius Buliga

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Jeffrey Ventrella

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Programming Languages

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Computation with Crabs

Paper

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Resources to understand the field

Neurocomics (Beginner)

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./img/evolution-graphic-guide.jpg

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./img/complexity-a-very-short-introduction.jpg

Games of Life (Intermediate)

./img/games-of-life.jpg

Books

Further Research

  • Rashevsky and Rosen

Rashevsky devised the primary model of neural networks which was interpreted using the boolean language by McCullough/Pitts. His student Robert Rosen went on to work on using Category Theory to model biology. These works need to be catalogued here. Herbert Simon was also his student.

There could also be more possible works from the conference where McCullough presented his work and met Pitts.

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