☸️ Kubernetes - The Power of Container Orchestration

Kubernetes, often abbreviated as K8s, is an open-source container orchestration platform designed to automate the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. It was originally developed by Google and is now maintained by the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF).

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📌 Key Features of Kubernetes

🔄 1. Automated Container Orchestration

Kubernetes manages containerized applications automatically, ensuring smooth operations.

✅ Automated deployment & rollback

✅ Self-healing - Restarts failed containers

✅ Horizontal scaling - Scales applications dynamically

⚖️ 2. Load Balancing & Service Discovery

K8s provides built-in service discovery and load balancing.

🔗 ClusterIP - Internal service access

🌍 NodePort - Exposes services externally

🖧 LoadBalancer - Uses cloud provider’s LB

📦 3. Declarative Configuration & Desired State Management

With Kubernetes, you define your infrastructure as YAML manifests, making it easy to maintain and replicate.

📜 Declarative Configuration:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: my-app
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: my-app
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: my-app
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: my-app
          image: my-app:v1
          ports:
            - containerPort: 80

☁️ 4. Multi-Cloud & Hybrid Cloud Support

Kubernetes works seamlessly across on-premise, public cloud, and hybrid cloud environments.

✅ Cloud-Native - Works with AWS, GCP, Azure

✅ Edge Computing - Deploy workloads at the edge

✅ Hybrid Deployments - Combine cloud and on-premises

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🏗️ Kubernetes Architecture

1️⃣ Master Node (Control Plane)

The Control Plane manages the cluster and ensures the desired state is maintained.

🔹 API Server (kube-apiserver) - Frontend for Kubernetes API

🔹 Controller Manager (kube-controller-manager) - Maintains cluster state

🔹 Scheduler (kube-scheduler) - Assigns workloads to nodes

🔹 etcd - Stores cluster configuration

2️⃣ Worker Nodes

Worker nodes run application containers and report back to the master node.

🔹 Kubelet - Agent running on nodes

🔹 Kube Proxy - Manages networking

🔹 Container Runtime - Runs containers (Docker, containerd, CRI-O)

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🔧 Kubernetes Components

🏷 Pods

The smallest deployable unit in Kubernetes that can contain one or more containers.

🎛 Deployments

Ensures application replicas run smoothly and handle updates.

🖧 Services

Exposes applications to internal and external networks.

🔑 ConfigMaps & Secrets

Manages configuration data and sensitive information.

🔄 Ingress

Manages external HTTP and HTTPS traffic to services.

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🔒 Security Best Practices

🔐 1. Use Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)

Restrict user and application permissions.

🛡️ 2. Enable Network Policies

Control traffic between pods and external resources.

🏗️ 3. Use Namespaces

Isolate workloads using Kubernetes Namespaces.

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📈 Monitoring & Logging

🔹 Prometheus - Metrics collection and alerting

🔹 Grafana - Data visualization

🔹 Loki - Log aggregation

🔹 Jaeger - Distributed tracing

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☸️ Kubernetes in the Cloud - Amazon EKS

🌐 Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS)

Amazon EKS (Elastic Kubernetes Service) is a managed Kubernetes service by AWS.

✅ Fully managed control plane

✅ Seamless integration with AWS services

✅ Supports Fargate for serverless Kubernetes