Fix #463 - broken inter-window update messages

This addresses a couple of issues:

 * Messages (including repaints) not getting processed when delivered a `View` in a window which is inactive
 * Ability to retrieve the window id of a view without the application having to pass that information down
   to whatever code needs it

and addresses a related issue - obtaining a `WindowId` for a realized `View` and its bounds on screen, in order
to convert view-relative locations into screen locations for purposes such as positioning windows relative
to a `View`.

This patch adds a tracking data structure, and a convenience data structure which contains sufficient
information to convert view-relative positions to screen-positions and back.

 * A static mapping of `root-id:WindowId`:`Arc<Window>` which is populated on window creation and cleared on destruction,
  which makes it possible to access `Window.request_redraw()` to force a redraw.  It is guarded by a read-write
  lock (but written to only during window creation and destruction).
 * `ScreenLayout` contains a snapshot of the window id, the window's content and framed bounds, the view's
  origin within the window and the monitor scaling.

So, a ViewId that wants its window-id looks up its root view's id, and looks up the WindowId associated
with that root.

We extend `WindowId` with methods to get the window bounds on screen with and without decorations and similar -
these methods could be added to `ViewId` instead, but it seems more intuitive that you ask a window id for
the window's bounds the same way you ask a view id for the view's bounds - that seems like what users will
expect.

Given the usage patterns (the mapping will only be locked for writing when a window is being created or destroyed, and will
not be read-locked except in the case of forcing a repaint or looking up window coordinates), it is not touched
in the critical path of rendering - unless the application and destroying many windows at the same time on
different threads, I would not expect the read-write lock to be contended at all in practice (famous last
words, I know).

A thread-local for the mapping, as is done in `update.rs` might work (or look like it works), but we would be
assuming no platform floem will ever support uses different event threads for different windows' event
loops. I know of two that do - BeOS and Java AWT (with its stack of event threads to allow modal dialogs
that work when their parent is disabled or blocked, which was a source of "interesting" deadlocks).

If there was some path that I missed that would let a `ViewId` reach down to the `WindowHandle` that
owns it without doing this sort of tracking, I would love to know about it - `PaintCx` has this information,
but it is the only thing that does, and the `ViewId` has no access to it.

src/id.rs

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 use std::{any::Any, cell::RefCell, rc::Rc};
 
+use floem_winit::window::WindowId;
 use peniko::kurbo::{Insets, Point, Rect, Size};
 use slotmap::new_key_type;
 use taffy::{Display, Layout, NodeId, TaffyTree};
@@ -21,6 +22,11 @@ use crate::{
     view::{IntoView, View},
     view_state::{ChangeFlags, StackOffset, ViewState},
     view_storage::VIEW_STORAGE,
+    window_tracking::{
+        monitor_bounds, window_id_for_root, window_inner_screen_bounds,
+        window_inner_screen_position, window_outer_screen_bounds, window_outer_screen_position,
+    },
+    ScreenLayout,
 };
 
 new_key_type! {
@@ -252,8 +258,34 @@ impl ViewId {
         self.request_changes(ChangeFlags::LAYOUT)
     }
 
+    fn is_in_active_window(&self) -> bool {
+        if let Some(root) = self.root() {
+            return crate::window_handle::get_current_view() == root;
+        }
+        false
+    }
+
+    fn force_repaint(&self) -> bool {
+        if let Some(window_id) = self.window_id() {
+            // This should not fail unless, say, the view was never
+            // added to a parent view that is realized
+            if crate::window_tracking::force_window_repaint(&window_id) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        crate::window_tracking::force_all_repaint()
+    }
+
+    pub fn window_id(&self) -> Option<WindowId> {
+        self.root().and_then(window_id_for_root)
+    }
+
     pub fn request_paint(&self) {
+        let active = self.is_in_active_window();
         self.add_update_message(UpdateMessage::RequestPaint);
+        if !active {
+            self.force_repaint();
+        }
     }
 
     /// request that this node be styled again
@@ -320,6 +352,23 @@ impl ViewId {
             id: *self,
             state: Box::new(state),
         });
+        // A state update sent from the active window to a view
+        // in another window will be enqueued, but will not actually
+        // be retrieved and processed some external OS-level event
+        // triggers a repaint; in order to get the event processed,
+        // we need to force a repaint via the winit window, bypassing
+        // the usual mechanism to trigger a repaint (repaint messages
+        // too, will just be enqueued but not run until ... a repaint
+        // happens for some external reason).
+        //
+        // Without this, it is impossible for popup windows and similar
+        // to deliver messages to their parent that affect their display
+        // (or close the popup window), because the inactive window is
+        // completely quiescent unless jogged by, say the mouse passing
+        // over it.
+        if !self.is_in_active_window() {
+            self.force_repaint();
+        }
     }
 
     /// `viewport` is relative to the `id` view.
@@ -424,4 +473,55 @@ impl ViewId {
             msgs.push((*self, Box::new(state)));
         });
     }
+
+    /// Get a layout in screen-coordinates for this view, if possible.
+    pub fn screen_layout(&self) -> Option<ScreenLayout> {
+        crate::screen_layout::try_create_screen_layout(self)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Ensures `WindowIdExt` cannot be implemented on arbitrary types.
+trait WindowIdExtSealed {}
+impl WindowIdExtSealed for WindowId {}
+
+/// Extends WindowId to give instances methods to retrieve properties of the associated window,
+/// much as ViewId does.  Methods may return None if the view is not realized on-screen, or
+/// if information needed to compute the result is not available on the current platform or
+/// available on the current platform but not from the calling thread.
+#[allow(private_bounds)]
+pub trait WindowIdExt: WindowIdExtSealed {
+    /// Get the bounds of the content of this window, including
+    /// titlebar and native window borders.
+    fn bounds_on_screen_including_frame(&self) -> Option<Rect>;
+    /// Get the bounds of the content of this window, excluding
+    /// titlebar and native window borders.
+    fn bounds_of_content_on_screen(&self) -> Option<Rect>;
+    /// Get the location of the window including any OS titlebar.
+    fn position_on_screen_including_frame(&self) -> Option<Point>;
+    /// Get the location of the window **excluding** any OS titlebar.
+    fn position_of_content_on_screen(&self) -> Option<Point>;
+    /// Get the logical bounds of the monitor this window is on
+    fn monitor_bounds(&self) -> Option<Rect>;
+}
+
+impl WindowIdExt for WindowId {
+    fn bounds_on_screen_including_frame(&self) -> Option<Rect> {
+        window_outer_screen_bounds(self)
+    }
+
+    fn bounds_of_content_on_screen(&self) -> Option<Rect> {
+        window_inner_screen_bounds(self)
+    }
+
+    fn position_on_screen_including_frame(&self) -> Option<Point> {
+        window_outer_screen_position(self)
+    }
+
+    fn position_of_content_on_screen(&self) -> Option<Point> {
+        window_inner_screen_position(self)
+    }
+
+    fn monitor_bounds(&self) -> Option<Rect> {
+        monitor_bounds(self)
+    }
 }

src/lib.rs

@@ -169,6 +169,7 @@ pub mod pointer;
 mod profiler;
 pub mod renderer;
 pub mod responsive;
+mod screen_layout;
 pub mod style;
 pub(crate) mod theme;
 pub mod unit;
@@ -180,16 +181,19 @@ pub mod view_tuple;
 pub mod views;
 pub mod window;
 mod window_handle;
+mod window_tracking;
 
 pub use app::{launch, quit_app, AppEvent, Application};
 pub use app_state::AppState;
 pub use clipboard::{Clipboard, ClipboardError};
 pub use floem_reactive as reactive;
 pub use floem_renderer::cosmic_text;
 pub use floem_renderer::Renderer;
-pub use id::ViewId;
+pub use id::{ViewId, WindowIdExt};
 pub use kurbo;
 pub use peniko;
 pub use taffy;
 pub use view::{recursively_layout_view, AnyView, IntoView, View};
 pub use window::{close_window, new_window};
+pub use screen_layout::ScreenLayout;
+

src/screen_layout.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+//! Tools for computing screen locations from locations within a View and
+//! vice-versa.
+use crate::ViewId;
+use floem_winit::window::WindowId;
+use peniko::kurbo::{Point, Rect, Size};
+
+use crate::window_tracking::{
+    monitor_bounds_for_monitor, rect_from_physical_bounds_for_window, with_window_id_and_window,
+};
+
+/// Create a ScreenLayout for a view.  This can fail if the view or an
+/// ancestor of it has no parent and is not realized on-screen.  ScreenLayout
+/// is useful when needing to convert locations within a view into absolute
+/// positions on-screen, such as for creating a window at position relative
+/// to that view.
+pub fn try_create_screen_layout(view: &ViewId) -> Option<ScreenLayout> {
+    with_window_id_and_window(view, |window_id, window| {
+        window
+            .current_monitor()
+            .map(|monitor| {
+                window
+                    .inner_position()
+                    .map(|inner_position| {
+                        window
+                            .outer_position()
+                            .map(|outer_position| {
+                                let monitor_bounds = monitor_bounds_for_monitor(window, &monitor);
+                                let inner_size = window.inner_size();
+                                let outer_size = window.outer_size();
+
+                                let window_bounds = rect_from_physical_bounds_for_window(
+                                    window,
+                                    outer_position,
+                                    outer_size,
+                                );
+
+                                let window_content_bounds = rect_from_physical_bounds_for_window(
+                                    window,
+                                    inner_position,
+                                    inner_size,
+                                );
+
+                                let view_origin_in_window = find_window_origin(view);
+                                let monitor_scale = window.scale_factor();
+
+                                ScreenLayout {
+                                    monitor_scale,
+                                    monitor_bounds,
+                                    window_content_bounds,
+                                    window_bounds,
+                                    view_origin_in_window,
+                                    window_id: *window_id,
+                                }
+                            })
+                            .ok()
+                    })
+                    .ok()
+            })
+            .unwrap_or(None)
+            .unwrap_or(None)
+    })
+    .unwrap_or(None)
+}
+
+/// Relates a realized `View` to the bounds of the window that contains it,
+/// and the window to the bounds of the monitor that contains it.  All fields
+/// are in logical coordinates (if the OS scales physical coordinates for high
+/// DPI displays, the scaling is already applied).
+///
+/// Instances are a snapshot in time of the location of the view and window
+/// at the time of creation, and are not updated if view or window or monitor
+/// in use is.
+pub struct ScreenLayout {
+    /// The window id
+    pub window_id: WindowId,
+    /// The scaling of the monitor, if any
+    pub monitor_scale: f64,
+    /// The logical bounds of the monitor
+    pub monitor_bounds: Rect,
+    /// The bounds of the view content within the monitor's bounds
+    pub window_content_bounds: Rect,
+    /// The bounds of the window within the monitor's bounds
+    pub window_bounds: Rect,
+    /// The origin of the view within the window
+    pub view_origin_in_window: Point,
+}
+
+impl ScreenLayout {
+    /// Unscales this Screen to physical device coordinates, less any DPI
+    /// scaling done by hardware.
+    pub fn to_physical_scale(&self) -> Self {
+        // The bounds we have are pre-scaled by 1.0/window.scale(), so
+        // inverting them is multiplication, not division.
+        Self {
+            monitor_scale: 1.0,
+            monitor_bounds: scale_rect(self.monitor_scale, self.monitor_bounds),
+            window_bounds: scale_rect(self.monitor_scale, self.window_bounds),
+            window_content_bounds: scale_rect(self.monitor_scale, self.window_content_bounds),
+            view_origin_in_window: scale_point(self.monitor_scale, self.view_origin_in_window),
+            window_id: self.window_id,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// If true, this instance has scaling applied.
+    pub fn is_scaled(&self) -> bool {
+        self.monitor_scale != 0_f64
+    }
+
+    /// Convert a screen position to a position within the view that created
+    /// this one.
+    pub fn view_location_from_screen(&self, screen_point: Point) -> Point {
+        let mut result = screen_point;
+        result.x -= self.view_origin_in_window.x + self.window_content_bounds.x0;
+        result.y -= self.view_origin_in_window.y + self.window_content_bounds.y0;
+        result
+    }
+
+    /// Compute a position, in screen coordinates, relative to the view this layout
+    /// was created from.  If a target size is passed, the implementation will attempt
+    /// to adjust the resulting point so that a rectangle of the required size fits
+    /// entirely on-screen.
+    pub fn screen_location_from_view(
+        &self,
+        relative_position: Option<Point>,
+        target_size: Option<Size>,
+    ) -> Point {
+        let mut result = Point::new(self.window_content_bounds.x0, self.window_content_bounds.y0);
+        if let Some(offset) = relative_position {
+            result.x += offset.x;
+            result.y += offset.y;
+        }
+
+        result.x += self.view_origin_in_window.x;
+        result.y += self.view_origin_in_window.y;
+
+        // If we have a size, adjust the resulting point to ensure the resulting
+        // bounds will fit on screen (if it is possible)
+        if let Some(size) = target_size {
+            let mut target_bounds = Rect::new(
+                result.x,
+                result.y,
+                result.x + size.width,
+                result.y + size.height,
+            );
+            if target_bounds.x1 > self.monitor_bounds.x1 {
+                let offset = target_bounds.x1 - self.monitor_bounds.x1;
+                target_bounds.x0 -= offset;
+                target_bounds.x1 -= offset;
+            }
+            if target_bounds.y1 > self.monitor_bounds.y1 {
+                let offset = target_bounds.y1 - self.monitor_bounds.y1;
+                target_bounds.y0 -= offset;
+                target_bounds.y1 -= offset;
+            }
+            if target_bounds.x0 < self.monitor_bounds.x0 {
+                let offset = self.monitor_bounds.x0 - target_bounds.x0;
+                target_bounds.x0 += offset;
+                target_bounds.x1 += offset;
+            }
+            if target_bounds.y0 < self.monitor_bounds.y0 {
+                let offset = self.monitor_bounds.y0 - target_bounds.y0;
+                target_bounds.y0 += offset;
+                target_bounds.y1 += offset
+            }
+            result.x = target_bounds.x0;
+            result.y = target_bounds.y0;
+        }
+        result
+    }
+}
+
+fn find_window_origin(view: &ViewId) -> Point {
+    let mut pt = Point::ZERO;
+    recursively_find_window_origin(*view, &mut pt);
+    pt
+}
+
+fn recursively_find_window_origin(view: ViewId, point: &mut Point) {
+    if let Some(layout) = view.get_layout() {
+        point.x += layout.location.x as f64;
+        point.y += layout.location.y as f64;
+        if let Some(parent) = view.parent() {
+            recursively_find_window_origin(parent, point);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn scale_point(by: f64, mut pt: Point) -> Point {
+    pt.x *= by;
+    pt.y *= by;
+    pt
+}
+
+fn scale_rect(by: f64, mut bds: Rect) -> Rect {
+    bds.x0 *= by;
+    bds.y0 *= by;
+    bds.x1 *= by;
+    bds.y1 *= by;
+    bds
+}

src/window_handle.rs

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ use crate::{
     view::{default_compute_layout, view_tab_navigation, IntoView, View},
     view_state::ChangeFlags,
     views::Decorators,
+    window_tracking::{remove_window_id_mapping, store_window_id_mapping},
 };
 
 /// The top-level window handle that owns the winit Window.
@@ -120,6 +121,7 @@ impl WindowHandle {
         id.set_view(view.into_any());
 
         let window = Arc::new(window);
+        store_window_id_mapping(id, window_id, &window);
         let paint_state = PaintState::new(window.clone(), scale, size.get_untracked() * scale);
         let mut window_handle = Self {
             window: Some(window),
@@ -1118,6 +1120,7 @@ impl WindowHandle {
     pub(crate) fn destroy(&mut self) {
         self.event(Event::WindowClosed);
         self.scope.dispose();
+        remove_window_id_mapping(&self.id, &self.window_id);
     }
 
     #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]