Technical Lesson: CLI Structure & User-Focused Design

Learning Goals

• Use argparse to define structured CLI commands and subcommands.
• Create user-friendly interfaces with descriptive help messages.
• Validate user input and handle errors gracefully.
• Group related functionality using subparsers for modular CLI design.

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Introduction

Command-line tools are powerful for automation and backend tasks. In this lesson, you'll learn how to build structured, user-friendly CLIs in Python using the argparse module.

You'll build a small task manager tool that supports:

• Commands like add and list
• Helpful usage messages
• Graceful handling of missing or invalid input

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Project Setup

1. Clone the Repository

git clone <repo-url>
cd course-7-module-5-cli-structure-technical-lesson

2. Install Dependencies

Using Pipenv:

pipenv install
pipenv shell

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Running the CLI

You can run the CLI using:

python task_cli.py

Examples:

python task_cli.py --help
python task_cli.py add "Finish the README"
python task_cli.py list

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Code Structure

.
├── task_cli.py           # Entry point for the CLI
├── lib/
│   ├── __init__.py
│   └── cli_tool.py           # Contains argparse logic and command handlers
├── Pipfile
├── .gitignore
├── README.md

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Best Practices for CLI Design

• Use argparse's description and help arguments for better UX
• Organize subcommands with add_subparsers()
• Separate CLI logic from business logic (e.g., use lib/)
• Use if __name__ == "__main__": in your entry point
• Write testable, modular code with good feedback for invalid input

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Conclusion

By the end of this lesson, you will know how to:

• Build a modular CLI using argparse
• Provide intuitive help messages and input validation
• Create clear command groups and handler functions
• Structure CLI tools that are easy to maintain and scale

These skills are essential for building professional-grade tools that users can depend on from the terminal.