feat(core): new base middleware [RFC]

[provinzkraut]

Add a new base middleware class to facilitate easier configuration and middleware dispatching.

The new ASGIMiddleware features the same functionality as the AbstractMiddleware, but makes it easier to pass configuration directly to middleware classes without a separate configuration object, allowing to get rid of the DefineMiddleware pattern entirely.

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If we are to add this, I propose we do so in v2, and migrate existing middlewares to this pattern in v3.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 50.00000% with 9 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 98.29%. Comparing base (6768845) to head (1fd036d).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
litestar/middleware/base.py	50.00%	9 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #3996      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   98.35%   98.29%   -0.06%     
==========================================
  Files         347      347              
  Lines       15783    15800      +17     
  Branches     1745     1746       +1     
==========================================
+ Hits        15523    15531       +8     
- Misses        124      133       +9     
  Partials      136      136              

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[euri10]

lgtm
maybe add an example of transition from previous to new implementation ?

[provinzkraut]

lgtm maybe add an example of transition from previous to new implementation ?

Yeah, I want to expand the docs in general a bit

[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
0 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
0.0% Coverage on New Code
0.0% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud