Add OrtExternalResourceImporter API for D3D12 shared resource import

include/onnxruntime/core/session/onnxruntime_cxx_api.h

@@ -236,6 +236,20 @@ inline const OrtCompileApi& GetCompileApi() {
   return *api;
 }
 
+/// <summary>
+/// This returns a reference to the ORT C Interop API. Used for external resource import with EPs.
+/// </summary>
+/// <returns>ORT C Interop API reference</returns>
+inline const OrtInteropApi& GetInteropApi() {
+  auto* api = GetApi().GetInteropApi();
+  if (api == nullptr) {
+    // minimal build
+    ORT_CXX_API_THROW("Interop API is not available in this build", ORT_FAIL);
+  }
+
+  return *api;
+}
+
 /// <summary>
 /// This returns a reference to the ORT C EP API. Used if authoring a plugin execution provider.
 /// </summary>
@@ -1610,6 +1624,7 @@ struct ConstSessionImpl : Base<T> {
   std::vector<ConstMemoryInfo> GetMemoryInfoForInputs() const;   ///< Wrapper for OrtApi::SessionGetMemoryInfoForInputs
   std::vector<ConstMemoryInfo> GetMemoryInfoForOutputs() const;  ///< Wrapper for OrtApi::SessionGetMemoryInfoForOutputs
   std::vector<ConstEpDevice> GetEpDeviceForInputs() const;       ///< Wrapper for OrtApi::SessionGetEpDeviceForInputs
+  std::vector<ConstEpDevice> GetEpDeviceForOutputs() const;      ///< Wrapper for OrtApi::SessionGetEpDeviceForOutputs
 
   /** \brief Returns a copy of input name at the specified index.
    *

include/onnxruntime/core/session/onnxruntime_cxx_inline.h

@@ -1660,6 +1660,19 @@ inline std::vector<ConstEpDevice> ConstSessionImpl<T>::GetEpDeviceForInputs() co
   return input_devices;
 }
 
+template <typename T>
+inline std::vector<ConstEpDevice> ConstSessionImpl<T>::GetEpDeviceForOutputs() const {
+  auto num_outputs = GetOutputCount();
+  std::vector<ConstEpDevice> output_devices;
+  if (num_outputs > 0) {
+    output_devices.resize(num_outputs);
+    ThrowOnError(GetApi().SessionGetEpDeviceForOutputs(this->p_,
+                                                       reinterpret_cast<const OrtEpDevice**>(output_devices.data()),
+                                                       num_outputs));
+  }
+  return output_devices;
+}
+
 template <typename T>
 inline uint64_t ConstSessionImpl<T>::GetProfilingStartTimeNs() const {
   uint64_t out;

include/onnxruntime/core/session/onnxruntime_ep_c_api.h

@@ -24,6 +24,66 @@ ORT_RUNTIME_CLASS(DataTransferImpl);
 ORT_RUNTIME_CLASS(SyncNotificationImpl);
 ORT_RUNTIME_CLASS(SyncStreamImpl);
 
+ORT_RUNTIME_CLASS(ExternalResourceImporterImpl);
+
+/** \brief Base struct for imported external memory handles.
+ *
+ * EPs derive from this struct to add EP-specific fields (e.g., CUdeviceptr for CUDA).
+ * EP is responsible for creating and releasing instances of the derived type.
+ *
+ * Example derived type for CUDA EP:
+ * \code
+ * struct MyCudaExternalMemoryHandle : OrtExternalMemoryHandle {
+ *   CUexternalMemory ext_memory;
+ *   CUdeviceptr mapped_ptr;
+ *   bool is_dedicated;
+ * };
+ * \endcode
+ *
+ * \since Version 1.24.
+ */
+struct OrtExternalMemoryHandle {
+  uint32_t version;                         ///< Must be ORT_API_VERSION
+  const OrtEpDevice* ep_device;             ///< EP device that created this handle
+  OrtExternalMemoryHandleType handle_type;  ///< Original handle type for tracking
+  size_t size_bytes;                        ///< Size of the imported memory
+  size_t offset_bytes;                      ///< Offset into the imported memory
+
+  /** \brief Release callback for this handle. EP sets this to its release function.
+   *
+   * ORT calls this when ReleaseExternalMemoryHandle is invoked. The EP's callback
+   * should cast the handle to its derived type and delete it.
+   */
+  void(ORT_API_CALL* Release)(_In_ OrtExternalMemoryHandle* handle);
+};
+
+/** \brief Base struct for imported external semaphore handles.
+ *
+ * EPs derive from this struct to add EP-specific fields (e.g., CUexternalSemaphore for CUDA).
+ * EP is responsible for creating and releasing instances of the derived type.
+ *
+ * Example derived type for CUDA EP:
+ * \code
+ * struct MyCudaExternalSemaphoreHandle : OrtExternalSemaphoreHandle {
+ *   CUexternalSemaphore ext_semaphore;
+ * };
+ * \endcode
+ *
+ * \since Version 1.24.
+ */
+struct OrtExternalSemaphoreHandle {
+  uint32_t version;               ///< Must be ORT_API_VERSION
+  const OrtEpDevice* ep_device;   ///< EP device that created this handle
+  OrtExternalSemaphoreType type;  ///< Original semaphore type
+
+  /** \brief Release callback for this handle. EP sets this to its release function.
+   *
+   * ORT calls this when ReleaseExternalSemaphoreHandle is invoked. The EP's callback
+   * should cast the handle to its derived type and delete it.
+   */
+  void(ORT_API_CALL* Release)(_In_ OrtExternalSemaphoreHandle* handle);
+};
+
 // Opaque types for kernel-based EPs
 ORT_RUNTIME_CLASS(KernelRegistry);
 ORT_RUNTIME_CLASS(KernelDefBuilder);
@@ -191,6 +251,180 @@ struct OrtSyncStreamImpl {
   ORT_API2_STATUS(OnSessionRunEnd, _In_ OrtSyncStreamImpl* this_ptr);
 };
 
+/** \brief Struct that an EP implements for external resource import (memory + semaphore import).
+ *
+ * This capability object provides methods for importing external GPU memory and semaphores
+ * for zero-copy import. EPs that support D3D12, CUDA, HIP, or Vulkan external resource APIs
+ * can implement this interface.
+ *
+ * \since Version 1.24.
+ */
+struct OrtExternalResourceImporterImpl {
+  uint32_t ort_version_supported;  ///< Must be initialized to ORT_API_VERSION
+
+  // Memory operations (stream-independent)
+
+  /** \brief Check if the implementation can import external memory of the given handle type.
+   *
+   * \param[in] this_ptr Pointer to the OrtExternalResourceImporterImpl instance.
+   * \param[in] handle_type The type of external memory handle to check.
+   * \return True if the handle type is supported.
+   *
+   * \since Version 1.24.
+   */
+  ORT_API_T(bool, CanImportMemory,
+            _In_ const OrtExternalResourceImporterImpl* this_ptr,
+            _In_ OrtExternalMemoryHandleType handle_type);
+
+  /** \brief Import external memory.
+   *
+   * The EP creates a derived type of OrtExternalMemoryHandle and returns a pointer to the base.
+   * EP is responsible for the lifetime of the handle (release via ReleaseMemory).
+   *
+   * \param[in] this_ptr Pointer to the OrtExternalResourceImporterImpl instance.
+   * \param[in] desc Descriptor containing the external memory handle and properties.
+   * \param[out] out_handle Output parameter set to the created OrtExternalMemoryHandle (EP's derived type).
+   *
+   * \snippet{doc} snippets.dox OrtStatus Return Value
+   *
+   * \since Version 1.24.
+   */
+  ORT_API2_STATUS(ImportMemory,
+                  _In_ OrtExternalResourceImporterImpl* this_ptr,
+                  _In_ const OrtExternalMemoryDescriptor* desc,
+                  _Outptr_ OrtExternalMemoryHandle** out_handle);
+
+  /** \brief Release an imported external memory handle.
+   *
+   * The EP deletes its derived type instance.
+   *
+   * \param[in] this_ptr Pointer to the OrtExternalResourceImporterImpl instance.
+   * \param[in] handle The OrtExternalMemoryHandle to release (EP casts to its derived type).
+   *
+   * \since Version 1.24.
+   */
+  ORT_API_T(void, ReleaseMemory,
+            _In_ OrtExternalResourceImporterImpl* this_ptr,
+            _In_ OrtExternalMemoryHandle* handle);
+
+  /** \brief Create a tensor backed by imported external memory.
+   *
+   * The created tensor is a view over the imported memory and does not copy data.
+   *
+   * \param[in] this_ptr Pointer to the OrtExternalResourceImporterImpl instance.
+   * \param[in] mem_handle The imported external memory handle (EP casts to its derived type).
+   * \param[in] tensor_desc Descriptor specifying tensor element type, shape, and optional offset.
+   * \param[out] out_tensor Output parameter set to the created OrtValue containing the tensor.
+   *
+   * \snippet{doc} snippets.dox OrtStatus Return Value
+   *
+   * \since Version 1.24.
+   */
+  ORT_API2_STATUS(CreateTensorFromMemory,
+                  _In_ OrtExternalResourceImporterImpl* this_ptr,
+                  _In_ const OrtExternalMemoryHandle* mem_handle,
+                  _In_ const OrtExternalTensorDescriptor* tensor_desc,
+                  _Outptr_ OrtValue** out_tensor);
+
+  // Semaphore operations (require stream)
+
+  /** \brief Check if the implementation can import external semaphores of the given type.
+   *
+   * \param[in] this_ptr Pointer to the OrtExternalResourceImporterImpl instance.
+   * \param[in] type The type of external semaphore to check.
+   * \return True if the semaphore type is supported.
+   *
+   * \since Version 1.24.
+   */
+  ORT_API_T(bool, CanImportSemaphore,
+            _In_ const OrtExternalResourceImporterImpl* this_ptr,
+            _In_ OrtExternalSemaphoreType type);
+
+  /** \brief Import an external semaphore.
+   *
+   * The EP creates a derived type of OrtExternalSemaphoreHandle and returns a pointer to the base.
+   * EP is responsible for the lifetime of the handle (release via ReleaseSemaphore).
+   *
+   * \param[in] this_ptr Pointer to the OrtExternalResourceImporterImpl instance.
+   * \param[in] desc Descriptor containing the external semaphore handle and type.
+   * \param[out] out_handle Output parameter set to the created OrtExternalSemaphoreHandle (EP's derived type).
+   *
+   * \snippet{doc} snippets.dox OrtStatus Return Value
+   *
+   * \since Version 1.24.
+   */
+  ORT_API2_STATUS(ImportSemaphore,
+                  _In_ OrtExternalResourceImporterImpl* this_ptr,
+                  _In_ const OrtExternalSemaphoreDescriptor* desc,
+                  _Outptr_ OrtExternalSemaphoreHandle** out_handle);
+
+  /** \brief Release an imported external semaphore handle.
+   *
+   * The EP deletes its derived type instance.
+   *
+   * \param[in] this_ptr Pointer to the OrtExternalResourceImporterImpl instance.
+   * \param[in] handle The OrtExternalSemaphoreHandle to release (EP casts to its derived type).
+   *
+   * \since Version 1.24.
+   */
+  ORT_API_T(void, ReleaseSemaphore,
+            _In_ OrtExternalResourceImporterImpl* this_ptr,
+            _In_ OrtExternalSemaphoreHandle* handle);
+
+  /** \brief Wait on an external semaphore on the EP's stream.
+   *
+   * Inserts a wait operation into the EP's stream that blocks until the semaphore
+   * reaches the specified value.
+   *
+   * \param[in] this_ptr Pointer to the OrtExternalResourceImporterImpl instance.
+   * \param[in] handle The imported external semaphore (EP casts to its derived type).
+   * \param[in] stream The OrtSyncStream to wait on.
+   * \param[in] value The fence/semaphore value to wait for.
+   *
+   * \snippet{doc} snippets.dox OrtStatus Return Value
+   *
+   * \since Version 1.24.
+   */
+  ORT_API2_STATUS(WaitSemaphore,
+                  _In_ OrtExternalResourceImporterImpl* this_ptr,
+                  _In_ OrtExternalSemaphoreHandle* handle,
+                  _In_ OrtSyncStream* stream,
+                  _In_ uint64_t value);
+
+  /** \brief Signal an external semaphore from the EP's stream.
+   *
+   * Inserts a signal operation into the EP's stream that sets the semaphore
+   * to the specified value when reached.
+   *
+   * \param[in] this_ptr Pointer to the OrtExternalResourceImporterImpl instance.
+   * \param[in] handle The imported external semaphore (EP casts to its derived type).
+   * \param[in] stream The OrtSyncStream to signal from.
+   * \param[in] value The fence/semaphore value to signal.
+   *
+   * \snippet{doc} snippets.dox OrtStatus Return Value
+   *
+   * \since Version 1.24.
+   */
+  ORT_API2_STATUS(SignalSemaphore,
+                  _In_ OrtExternalResourceImporterImpl* this_ptr,
+                  _In_ OrtExternalSemaphoreHandle* handle,
+                  _In_ OrtSyncStream* stream,
+                  _In_ uint64_t value);
+
+  // Release the capability object itself
+
+  /** \brief Release the OrtExternalResourceImporterImpl instance.
+   *
+   * This is called by ORT when the OrtExternalResourceImporterImpl instance is no longer needed.
+   * The implementation should release any resources held by the instance.
+   *
+   * \param[in] this_ptr Pointer to the OrtExternalResourceImporterImpl instance.
+   *
+   * \since Version 1.24.
+   */
+  ORT_API_T(void, Release, _In_ OrtExternalResourceImporterImpl* this_ptr);
+};
+
 struct OrtNodeFusionOptions;
 typedef struct OrtNodeFusionOptions OrtNodeFusionOptions;
 
@@ -1564,6 +1798,32 @@ struct OrtEpFactory {
    * \since Version 1.24.
    */
   ORT_API2_STATUS(SetEnvironmentOptions, _In_ OrtEpFactory* this_ptr, _In_ const OrtKeyValuePairs* options);
+
+  /** \brief Create an OrtExternalResourceImporterImpl for external resource import.
+   *
+   * This is used to create an external resource importer that enables zero-copy import of
+   * external GPU memory (e.g., D3D12 shared resources) and synchronization primitives
+   * (e.g., D3D12 timeline fences).
+   *
+   * EPs that support external resource import (via CUDA, HIP, Vulkan, or D3D12 APIs) can
+   * implement this to allow applications to share GPU resources without copies.
+   *
+   * \param[in] this_ptr The OrtEpFactory instance.
+   * \param[in] ep_device The OrtEpDevice to create the external resource importer for.
+   * \param[out] out_importer The created OrtExternalResourceImporterImpl instance.
+   *                          Set to nullptr if external resource import is not supported.
+   *
+   * \snippet{doc} snippets.dox OrtStatus Return Value
+   *
+   * \note Implementation of this function is optional.
+   *       An EP factory should only implement this if it supports external resource import.
+   *       If not implemented or not supported, return ORT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED or set out_importer to nullptr.
+   *
+   * \since Version 1.24.
+   */
+  ORT_API2_STATUS(CreateExternalResourceImporterForDevice, _In_ OrtEpFactory* this_ptr,
+                  _In_ const OrtEpDevice* ep_device,
+                  _Outptr_result_maybenull_ OrtExternalResourceImporterImpl** out_importer);
 };
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus

onnxruntime/core/session/inference_session.cc

@@ -3480,6 +3480,48 @@ common::Status InferenceSession::GetEpDeviceForInputs(InlinedVector<const OrtEpD
 #endif
 }
 
+common::Status InferenceSession::GetEpDeviceForOutputs(InlinedVector<const OrtEpDevice*>& ep_devices) const {
+  ep_devices.clear();
+
+#if defined(ORT_MINIMAL_BUILD)
+  return common::Status(common::ONNXRUNTIME, common::FAIL,
+                        "GetEpDeviceForOutputs is not available in a minimal build.");
+#else
+  if (!is_inited_) {
+    return common::Status(common::ONNXRUNTIME, common::INVALID_ARGUMENT, "Session has not been initialized.");
+  }
+
+  std::pair<common::Status, const OutputDefList*> outputs = GetModelOutputs();
+
+  ORT_RETURN_IF_ERROR(outputs.first);
+
+  const auto& def_list = *outputs.second;
+  ep_devices.reserve(def_list.size());
+
+  const auto& available_eps = environment_.GetOrtEpDevices();
+
+  for (const auto* def : def_list) {
+    InlinedVector<SessionState::NodeInfo> node_info_vec;
+    ORT_RETURN_IF_ERROR(session_state_->GetOutputNodeInfo(def->Name(), node_info_vec));
+    assert(!node_info_vec.empty());
+    // If we have an output that is not produced by any node,
+    // then we return nullptr.
+    const auto* p_node = node_info_vec.front().p_node;
+    if (p_node != nullptr) {
+      const auto ep_name = p_node->GetExecutionProviderType();
+      auto it = std::find_if(available_eps.begin(), available_eps.end(), [&ep_name](const OrtEpDevice* entry) {
+        return entry->ep_name == ep_name;
+      });
+      ep_devices.push_back(it != available_eps.end() ? *it : nullptr);
+    } else {
+      ep_devices.push_back(nullptr);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return Status::OK();
+#endif
+}
+
 common::Status InferenceSession::NewIOBinding(std::unique_ptr<IOBinding>* io_binding) {
   {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> l(session_mutex_);

onnxruntime/core/session/inference_session.h

@@ -484,6 +484,15 @@ class InferenceSession {
    * This is required for a user to know the location of the input/output when autoep selection is enabled.
    */
   common::Status GetEpDeviceForInputs(InlinedVector<const OrtEpDevice*>& memory_info) const;
+
+  /**
+   * Get the OrtEpDevice (if available) for the outputs of the model.
+   *
+   * This is required for a user to validate that outputs will be placed on the expected device
+   * for external resource sharing.
+   */
+  common::Status GetEpDeviceForOutputs(InlinedVector<const OrtEpDevice*>& memory_info) const;
+
   /**
    * Get the current number of in-progress concurrent Run calls.
    */