Reading help | Review list | Ionic concentrations
For some reason these are often given without experimental reference. Would like to have a solid source for the main internal and external ones here, eventually.
Guyton & Hall (2011) Textbook of Medical Physiology, 12th edition. Page 7.
| Ion | Internal | Range | External | Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na+ | 142 mM | 138-146 | ||
| K+ | 4.2 mM | 3.8-5.0 | ||
| Ca2+ | 1.2 mM | 1.0-1.4 | ||
| Cl- | 108 mM | 103-112 | ||
| HCO3- | 28 mM | 24-32 |
Alberts et al. (2008) Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th edition. Page 652.
| Ion | Internal | Range | External | Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na+ | 5-15 mM | 145 mM | ||
| K+ | 140 mM | 5 mM | ||
| Ca2+ | 0.1 uM | 1-2 mM | ||
| Cl- | 5-15 mM | 110 mM | ||
| Mg2+ | 0.5 mM | 1-2 mM | ||
| H+ | 70 nM | 40 nM |
Usually taken as 5.4 mM in experiments and models, possibly because this leads to stable experiments (Clerx, 2021). But evidence in very large cohorts firmly shows average value is lower, and 5.4 mM is often regarded as hyperkalemic (outside of the normal range).