udhcpd from the busybox project provides a simple and tiny DHCP server in your local network
Image size is only around 0.7 MiB
get example config file and edit to your needs:
wget https://git.busybox.net/busybox/plain/examples/udhcp/udhcpd.conf
run:
docker run -d --net host -v $PWD/udhcpd.conf:/etc/udhcpd.conf -v udhcpd:/udhcpd netspan/udhcpd
without persisting DHCP leases:
docker run -d --net host -v $PWD/udhcpd.conf:/etc/udhcpd.conf netspan/udhcpd