fix: replace manual retry patterns with context-aware polling

[synhershko]

This commit is replacing non-idiomatic manual retry loops with proper context-aware polling using Kubernetes' wait.PollUntilContextTimeout function.

Current Code:

for i := 1; i <= stsUpdateWaitTime/updateStepTime; i++ {
    _, err := k8sClient.GetStatefulSet(obj.Name, obj.Namespace)
    if err != nil {
        return nil
    }
    time.Sleep(time.Second * updateStepTime)
}

Problems:

• Uses hardcoded sleep intervals instead of exponential backoff
• No context cancellation support
• Fixed retry count without consideration for varying conditions
• Potential resource leaks if context is cancelled during sleep

Key improvements:

• Replace hardcoded time.Sleep intervals with exponential backoff
• Add proper context cancellation support to prevent resource leaks
• Use k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait for robust retry patterns
• Maintain backward compatibility with wrapper functions
• Improve error handling for NotFound vs other errors

By submitting this pull request, I confirm that my contribution is made under the terms of the Apache 2.0 license.
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