MRTS

MRTS is a utility that helps you create rule sets and their tests for ModSecurity or ModSecurity compliant engines (eg. Coraza) for regression testing. The format of the test cases is compatible with go-ftw.

Please note that this project is in very beta state.

Goals

The goals of this project:

create as many rules as possible for ModSecurity to test its behavior
create as many tests as possible for each rule

ModSecurity uses its rules targets, operators, transformations (special actions) and so many other components. It is necessary to test their behavior.

Note, that libmodsecurity3 has a regression test framework with several test cases, but it tests only the library, not the embedded state. For example we don't know anything about behavior of Nginx connector.

With the generated rules and tests we can check the operation of mod-security2 and Nginx-connector.

The generated rules can help in the quality assurance of these engines, e.g. after sending pull requests, we can verify that the change did not change the expected behavior.

Idea

The idea is to generate rules to see what happens to a particular component. It's not as trivial as it seems at first glance. Consider there are 5 phases - can we be sure of behaviors are same in each phases? Variables can be collections, every combinations of collections works as we need? Do you want to check the variable against multiple operator? With multiple operator arguments?

It's easy to see that the number of possible combinations can be infinite. It could be too much efford to write a rule for every possible format - and a test case too.

Instead of doing this, we can make a description about the object, and expand the possible combinations and their test cases.

Rules are generated based on templates. You can define as many templates as you want, and you can apply them for each rule description.

The operation is very simple: create one or more configuration files, and run the generator script with those files. the format of the files is some structured data (YAML, JSON) which can be human readable (and writable). Generator will produce rules with combination of given:

target + colkeys (collection keys) (eg. ARGS:arg1, ARGS:arg2, ARGS:arg1|ARGS:arg2)
operators (you can pass multiple operators)
operator arguments - also can pass several arguments
phases - it depends on your choose, in which phases you want to check the target

API

The framework has an API that describes which keywords can be used for the description. To avoid unwanted typing, there are several global settings that are derived in each case.

The syntax of API can be YAML or JSON.

Global keywords

Every global settings should be put under the global keyword, eg:

global:
  version: MRTS/0.1
  baseid: 100000

You can place global keywords in every file, each subsequent occurrence will overwrite the previous one. The files are processed in ABC order, later overwriting does not change the previous settings.

global

This keyword shows that the next block contains global settings.

version

version shows the current version of framework and can appear as constant in templates (see later).

baseid

baseid defines the first id what a rule can use. Inside the generator increments that for every rule, and that variable is avaluable as $CURRID (see later).

default_operator

This global variable defines the default operator for rules. You can overwrite it at every case, moreover you can add more operators for every case. But if you don't want to type, the operator member can be omitted.

Syntax:

global:
  default_operator: "@rx"

templates

templates defines a list of templates. Each item in the list is a template block - see template section.

default_tests_phase_methods

This keyword describes an object. Each keys of the object is a phase value, and the value is the method what you prefer to send the request during the test (with go-ftw). In phase:1 we prefer to use GET method, in case of each other the POST. Example:

global:
  default_tests_phase_methods
  - 1: get
  - 2: post
  - 3: post
  - 4: post
  - 5: post

Template

You can create one or more template which can be used for generated rules. A template object has two other named objects: name and template.

name must be a unique name, and template is a text with the rule definition. This definition can contain macros - see macros section.

An example for templates:

  - name: "SecRule for TARGETS"
    template: |
      SecRule ${TARGET}$ "${OPERATOR}$ ${OPARG}$" \
          "id:${CURRID}$,\
          phase:${PHASE}$,\
          deny,\
          t:none,\
          log,\
          msg:'%{MATCHED_VAR_NAME} was caught in phase:${PHASE}$',\
          ver:'${VERSION}$'"

As you can see the template macros are delimited by ${...}$ .

macros

Marcos are coming from the definition. That can be from the unique definition or if there no such variable, then from the globals.

Avaliable macros:

${TARGET}$ the variable name when you want to check the SecRule's variable
${OPERATOR}$ is the used operator; it must be placed with the leading @, eg. @rx.
${OPARG}$ is the argument of the operator in the rule
${CURRID}$ is the incremented id, which guaranties that every generated rule will have a unique id
${PHASE}$ is the current phase in the list that you define in the definition file (see later its syntax)
${VERSION}$ is the VERSION, see above
${ACTIONS}$ is the actions you want in the rule
${DIRECTIVES}$ is the additional directives you want next to the rule

Please note that %{MATCHED_VAR_NAME} is not a tool macro, but the ModSecurity's macro. You can use them where you want.

Definition

In a definition file there also many keywords are available. See an example then expand the meanings:

target: null
rulefile: MRTS_001_INIT.conf
testfile: null
objects:
- object: secaction
  actions:
    id: 10001
    phase: 1
    pass: null
    nolog: null
    msg: "'Initial settings'"
    ctl: ruleEngine=DetectionOnly
- object: secrule
  target: REQUEST_HEADERS:X-MRTS-Test
  operator: '@rx ^.*$'
  actions:
    id: 10002
    phase: 1
    pass: null
    t: none
    log: null
    msg: "'%{MATCHED_VAR}'"

or

target: ARGS_COMBINED_SIZE
rulefile: MRTS_003_ARGS_COMBINED_SIZE.conf
testfile: MRTS_003_ARGS_COMBINED_SIZE.yaml
templates:
- SecRule for TARGETS
colkey:
- - ''
operator:
- '@lt'
oparg:
- 2
actions:
  - action:
      - status:404
directives:
  - directive: 
      - SecAction "id:$CURRID,phase:$PHASE, pass, setenv:'123=abc'"
testdata:
  phase_methods:
    1: get
    2: post
    3: post
    4: post
  targets:
    - target: 2
      test:
        data:
          foo: attack
    - target: arg1
      test:
        data:
          arg1: attack
    - target: arg2
      test:
        data:
          arg2: attack

target - defines the variable name what you want to test; it can be null, but then you must define the expected rules or actions under the object block
rulefile - the name of generated file; the path will be passed as cli argument, you should define here the relative path
testfile - the name of generated test file; can be null if you don't want to make tests against rules. The path here also will be passed as cli argument.
objects - a list type item, you can order the object which describes a SecRule or a SecAction. This is necessary because there are some special rules/actions, which can't described as regular rule. The first example generates the file MRTS_001_INIT.conf with a SecAction and a SecRule:

SecAction \
    "id:10001,\
    phase:1,\
    pass,\
    nolog,\
    msg:'Initial settings',\
    ctl:ruleEngine=DetectionOnly"

SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:X-MRTS-Test "@rx ^.*$"\
    "id:10002,\
    phase:1,\
    pass,\
    t:none,\
    log,\
    msg:'%{MATCHED_VAR}'"

These are necessary for go-ftw.

templates - you can list the name of templates what you want to apply
colkey - list collection keys what you want to test; note that each item in the list is a list too! See this example:

colkey:
- - ''
- - arg1
- - arg1
  - arg2
- - /^arg_.*$/

will produce: [[''], ['arg1'], ['arg2'], ['arg1', 'arg2'], ['/^arg_.*$']]. This will generate rules with targets:

SecRule ARGS
SecRule ARGS:arg1
SecRule ARGS:arg1|ARGS:arg2
SecRule ARGS:/^arg_.*$/

operator - list of used operators
oparg - list of used operator arguments
actions - list of used actions - see actions section
directives - list of used directives - see directives section
testdata - list of expected test cases - see testdata section

actions

actions are defined for the $ACTIONS macro. See this example:

actions:
  - action:
      - setvar:ABC=1
      - auditlog
      - status:400
  - action:
      - setvar:XYZ=2
      - status:500

Each action field contains a list of actions to be included in a SecRule/SecAction. Every action list will be used to generate different combinations of rules.

The above example used with this template:

    template: |
      SecRule ${TARGET}$ "${OPERATOR}$ ${OPARG}$" \
          "id:${CURRID}$,\
          phase:${PHASE}$,\
          deny,\
          t:none,\
          log,\
          msg:'%{MATCHED_VAR_NAME} was caught in phase:${PHASE}$',\
          ver:'${VERSION}$',\
          ${ACTIONS}$"

would produce the following rules:

SecRule ARGS "@contains attack" \
    "id:100000,\
    phase:2,\
    deny,\
    t:none,\
    log,\
    msg:'%{MATCHED_VAR_NAME} was caught in phase:2',\
    ver:'MRTS/0.1',\
    setvar:ABC=1,\
    auditlog,\
    status:400"

SecRule ARGS "@contains attack" \
    "id:100001,\
    phase:2,\
    deny,\
    t:none,\
    log,\
    msg:'%{MATCHED_VAR_NAME} was caught in phase:2',\
    ver:'MRTS/0.1',\
    setvar:XYZ=2,\
    status:500"

directives

directives are defined for the ${DIRECTIVES}$ macro. See this example:

directives:
  - directive:
      - SecAction "id:$CURRID,phase:$PHASE, pass, setenv:'123=abc'"
      - SecAction "id:$CURRID,phase:$PHASE, pass, setenv:'456=def'"
  - directive:
      - SecAction "id:$CURRID,phase:$PHASE, pass, setenv:'789=xyz'"

Each directive field contains a list of directives to be included in a template. Every directive list will be used to generate different combinations of rules. Macros are available and will be replaced with the current combination's value, except for macro $CURRID that is instead incremented at each substitution to guarantee a unique id per SecRule/SecAction.

The above example used with this template:

    template: |
      SecRule ${TARGET}$ "$OPERATOR $OPARG" \
          "id:${CURRID}$,\
          phase:${PHASE}$,\
          deny,\
          t:none,\
          log,\
          msg:'%{MATCHED_VAR_NAME} was caught in phase:${PHASE}$',\
          ver:'${VERSION}$'"

      ${DIRECTIVES}$

would produce the following rules:

SecRule ARGS "@contains attack" \
    "id:100000,\
    phase:2,\
    t:none,\
    log,\
    msg:'%{MATCHED_VAR_NAME} was caught in phase:2',\
    ver:'MRTS/0.1'"

SecAction "id:100001,phase:2, pass, setenv:'123=abc'"
SecAction "id:100002,phase:2, pass, setenv:'456=def'"

SecRule ARGS "@contains attack" \
    "id:100003,\
    phase:2,\
    t:none,\
    log,\
    msg:'%{MATCHED_VAR_NAME} was caught in phase:2',\
    ver:'MRTS/0.1'"

SecAction "id:100004,phase:2, pass, setenv:'789=xyz'"

testdata

testdata is a keyword in the definition file. Here you can list the necessary test case definitions. A testdata item can contain two member:

phase_methods - where you can overwrite the default_tests_phase_methods - this keyword is optional
targets - here you can define the posible collection keys that can occurres in generated rules

test case definition

Let's see a test case definition example:

  targets:
    - target: ''
      test:
        data:
          foo: attack
    - target: arg1
      test:
        data:
          arg1: attack

As it described above, targets is list of tests. A test case contains two keywords:

target - describes the collection key which used at the rule (can be empty: ``)
test - is an object

The test object can contains these keywords:

data - which can be a single string or a key:value pair
input - a structure which overrides the test case in predefined structure

Note, that the go-ftw test structure is hard-coded in the script, the input overwrites that structure.

The given example above contains two test cases: one if the collection key is empty, and another one if the collection key is the arg1 - see the generated rules example above. You must give at least one test for each used collection keys at the rules definition!

Here are some examples for test cases:

  targets:
    - target: ''
      test:
        data:
          foo: attack
    - target: ''
      test:
        data:
          arg1: attack

This will generate two test cases for empty collection key with data: foo=attack and arg1=attack.

    - target: ''
      test:
        data:
          foo: attack
    - target: arg1
      test:
        data:
          arg1: attack

This will generate one test for empty collection key and one for the collection key arg1. The data for the first case will be foo=attack and arg1=attack for the second.

  targets:
    - target: '/*'
      test:
        data:
          <level1><level2>foo</level2><level2>bar</level2></level1>
        input:
          headers:
            - name: Content-Type
              value: application/xml

This will generate a test case for collection key /* (usually used for XML), the data will be the given XML string, and the test add an extra header for go-ftw test.

Encoded request

The field input.encoded_request allows defining a whole request encoded in base64. When running the test, the request is decoded into bytes and sent verbatim as the input for this test case. This allows sending malformed requests. Using this field will override all other fields related to the request.

    targets:
        - target: ''
          test:
            data: null
            input:
              encoded_request: R0VUIC8gSFRUUC8xLjENCkhvc3Q6IGxvY2FsaG9zdA0KDQo=

Constants

The yaml schema has a mechanism to handle global and local constants.

global:
  default_constants:
    one: 1
    TWO: 2
    two_in_list:
      - 2
    FOO_IN_DICT:
      foo: attack
...

constants:
  HEADERS_IN_DICTIONARY:
    headers:
      - name: test
        value: test
      - name: one
        value: ~{one}~
      - name: 2
        value: ~{TWO}~
  template_in_list:
    - SecRule for TARGETS
    - Template with constants
  one: one

Global constants are defined under the global.default_constants field. They are accessible across files and are reset whenever a new global field is defined.

Local constants are defined under a constants field at the root of a file. They are only accessible in the file they are defined in.

Syntax

Constants are defined as key-value pairs where:

NAME: VALUE

The name is used for referencing the constant and the value is used for the substitution. Referencing a constant can be done inside the value of any other key in the API. References use the ~{...}~ separators like so:

~{NAME}~

Variable names can be lower or upper case and are case sensitive.

Properties

Constants can be yaml scalars, lists, or dictionaries:

scalar: 1
list:
  - 1
dictionary:
  1: 1

Constants can reference other constants in their values:

headers:
  - name: one
    value: ~{one}~
  - name: two
    value: ~{TWO}~

Local constants with the same name as global constants have precedence in their local scope:

global:
  default_constants:
    ONE: 1
...
constants:
  ONE: one
...
key: ~{ONE}~  # substituted by 'one'

Values can contain multiple references, such as in templates:

  - name: "Template with constants"
    template: |
      SecRule ~{target}~ "${OPERATOR}$ ${OPARG}$" \
          "id:${CURRID}$,\
          phase:${PHASE}$,\
          deny,\
          t:~{None}~,\
          log,\
          msg:'%{MATCHED_VAR_NAME} was caught in phase:${PHASE}$',\
          ver:'~{VERSION}~'"

Output / additional checks

By default, the generator will produce checks for tests with go-ftw's expect_ids field using the current rule id as parameter. If the associated rule matches and it's id put in the log, the test will pass.

To use additional check methods, the output field can be used to redefine this default behavior:

    targets:
        - target:
          test:
            data:
              foo: attack
            output:
              status: 200

This will use the status check. The available checks are (as of version 2.1.1 of the go-ftw yaml schema specs):

status - the expected HTTP status code
response_contains - a regex match on the response
[no_]log_contains - a string match on the log
log.[no_]expect_ids - a list of expected rule ids in the log
log.[no_]match_regex - a regex match on the log
expect_error - expect an error from the waf

For a full syntax of:

          output:
            status: 200
            response_contains: HTTP/1.1
            log_contains: nothing
            no_log_contains: everything
            log:
                expect_ids:
                    - 123456
                no_expect_ids:
                    - 123456
                match_regex: id[:\s"]*123456
                no_match_regex: id[:\s"]*123456
            expect_error: true

To combine the default check on the current rule id with additional checks, the expect_ids field must be used in conjunction with the output field:

          output:
            status: 200
            log:
                expect_ids: []

This way, the status check will be used in addition to the default rule id check.

Exact properties, syntax, available checks and parameters are dependent on the used version of go-ftw. The generator will simply replace what is defined under the output field in the corresponding field of the generated test case.

As described for go-ftw, if any of the checks fail the test will fail.

Run the tool

To generate the rules and their tests, run the tool:

$ ./generate-rules.py 
usage: generate-rules.py [-h] -r [/path/to/mrts/*.yaml ...] -e /path/to/mrts/rules/ -t /path/to/mrts/tests/
generate-rules.py: error: the following arguments are required: -r/--rulesdef, -e/--expdir, -t/--testdir

As you can see there are few command line arguments.

-r - rules' definition files
-e - export directory where rules will be written
-t - export test directory where tests will be written

$ ./mrts/generate-rules.py -r config_tests/*.yaml -e generated/rules/ -t generated/tests/regression/tests/

Once generated, rules need to be added to your ModSecurity configuration file.

Change m̀rts.load with your absolute path to the generated rules:

Include /Absolute/Path/To/MRTS/generated/rules/*.conf

In modsecurity.conf include your absolute path to mrts.load:

...

Include /Absolute/Path/To/MRTS/mrts.load

Don't forget to restart your server each time you generate new rules.

If you finished the generation and configuration process, you can download go-ftw and run it.

For more info about go-ftw please see its README or CRS's excellent documentation.

Here is an example:

$ cat .ftw.apache-mrts.yaml 
---
logfile: '/var/log/apache2/error.log'
logmarkerheadername: 'X-MRTS-TEST'
logtype:
  name: 'apache'
  timeregex:  '\[([A-Z][a-z]{2} [A-z][a-z]{2} \d{1,2} \d{1,2}\:\d{1,2}\:\d{1,2}\.\d+? \d{4})\]'
  timeformat: 'ddd MMM DD HH:mm:ss.S YYYY'


$ ./go-ftw run --config .ftw.apache-mrts.yaml -d generated/tests/regression/tests/
🛠️ Starting tests!
🚀 Running go-ftw!
👉 executing tests in file MRTS_002_ARGS.yaml
	running 2-1: ✔ passed in 12.842548ms (RTT 54.970028ms)
	running 2-2: ✔ passed in 12.049459ms (RTT 54.891019ms)
	running 2-3: ✔ passed in 10.790834ms (RTT 53.365412ms)
	running 2-4: ✔ passed in 10.695786ms (RTT 53.515826ms)
👉 executing tests in file MRTS_002_ARGS.yaml
	running 2-1: ✔ passed in 8.615306ms (RTT 52.334647ms)
	running 2-2: ✔ passed in 7.64326ms (RTT 52.301444ms)
	running 2-3: ✔ passed in 8.353395ms (RTT 52.289161ms)
	running 2-4: ✔ passed in 8.704224ms (RTT 52.993254ms)
...

Check the state of covered variables

When you finished the build process, you can check which variables (and later the other entities) are covered by the generated rule set.

You should type:

$ cd mrts/collect_rules

$ ./collect-rules.py 
usage: collect-rules.py [-h] -r [/path/to/mrts/*.conf ...]
collect-rules.py: error: the following arguments are required: -r/--rules

As you can see here are also a mandatory argument, the path of generated rules.

$ ./collect-rules.py -r ../../generated/rules/*.conf
Config file: ../../generated/rules/MRTS_001_INIT.conf
 Parsing ok.
Config file: ../../generated/rules/MRTS_002_ARGS.conf
 Parsing ok.
Config file: ../../generated/rules/MRTS_003_ARGS_COMBINED_SIZE.conf
 Parsing ok.
Config file: ../../generated/rules/MRTS_004_ARGS_GET.conf
 Parsing ok.
Config file: ../../generated/rules/MRTS_005_ARGS_GET_NAMES.conf
 Parsing ok.
Config file: ../../generated/rules/MRTS_110_XML.conf
 Parsing ok.

=====
Covered TARGETs: REQUEST_HEADERS, ARGS, ARGS_COMBINED_SIZE, ARGS_GET, ARGS_GET_NAMES, XML

UNCOVERED TARGETs: ARGS_NAMES, ARGS_POST, ARGS_POST_NAMES, ...

Based on the output, we actually covered 6 targets, so there are lot of works to cover all variables.

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 29 Commits
config_infra		config_infra
config_tests		config_tests
feature_demo		feature_demo
generated		generated
mrts		mrts
AUTHORS		AUTHORS
CHANGES		CHANGES
INSTALL.md		INSTALL.md
LICENSE		LICENSE
README.md		README.md
mrts.load		mrts.load

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MRTS

Goals

Idea

API

Global keywords

global

version

baseid

default_operator

templates

default_tests_phase_methods

Template

macros

Definition

actions

directives

testdata

test case definition

Encoded request

Constants

Syntax

Properties

Output / additional checks

Run the tool

Check the state of covered variables

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owasp-modsecurity/MRTS

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MRTS

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global

version

baseid

default_operator

templates

default_tests_phase_methods

Template

macros

Definition

actions

directives

testdata

test case definition

Encoded request

Constants

Syntax

Properties

Output / additional checks

Run the tool

Check the state of covered variables

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