Initialize cuda-notebook Dockerfile

[weiji14]

Foundational Dockerfile for CUDA GPU packages, based off rapidsai/miniforge-cuda.

Chain of Docker images:

graph LR;
    ubuntu["ubuntu<br>:24.04"]-->nvidia-cuda["nvidia/cuda<br>:12.8.0-base-ubuntu24.04"]
    nvidia-cuda-->rapidsai-miniforge["rapidsai/miniforge-cuda<br>:cuda12.8.0-base-ubuntu24.04-py3.13"]
    rapidsai-miniforge-->cuda-notebook["pangeo/cuda-notebook"]
    cuda-notebook-->cupy-notebook["pangeo/cupy-notebook (TODO)"]
   
   click ubuntu "https://hub.docker.com/_/ubuntu/" _blank
   click nvidia-cuda "https://catalog.ngc.nvidia.com/orgs/nvidia/containers/cuda" "Open this in a new tab" _blank
    click rapidsai-miniforge "https://hub.docker.com/r/rapidsai/miniforge-cuda" "Open this in a new tab" _blank

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Notes:

• Not using rapidsai/base or rapidsai/notebooks because
  1. they contain all RAPIDS AI libraries, that add up to about 10GB+. We can depend on a minimal set that the Pangeo community needs (e.g. cuspatial and kvikio?).
  2. They use /home/rapids with UID 1001, so incompatible with repo2docker's /home/jovyan with UID 1000 setup. We do need to rename /home/ubuntu to /home/jovyan in the rapidsai/miniforge-cuda image though following this, xref Ubuntu 24.04 comes with existing non-root user jupyterhub/repo2docker#1346
• Currently building on linux/amd64 only. Multi-arch support to be handled later.

Packages in cuda-notebook:

• cuda-version
• jupyterhub-singleuser
• jupyterlab-nvdashboard

Packages in cupy-notebook:

• cuspatial
• cupy-xarray
• etc

TODO:

• Initial Dockerfile setup
• Bring over more of base-image docker tricks to cuda-notebook
• Create cupy-notebook using repo2docker style (i.e. dependencies in environment.yml)
• etc

Test locally:

make cuda-notebook
docker run --rm -it -p 8888:8888 --gpus all pangeo/cuda-notebook:master

References:

• https://docs.nvidia.com/datacenter/cloud-native/container-toolkit/latest/install-guide.html#installing-the-nvidia-container-toolkit
• https://gitlab.com/nvidia/container-images/cuda
• https://github.com/rapidsai/ci-imgs
• https://github.com/rapidsai/docker

Resolves #457

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