This article will help you to understand the whole CI/CD process and setup a very simple project. But, depends on your local machine and environment, it might have different step or some issues.
Because you will tell the machine what should it do, so it might not be smart enough. You have to understand deeper the build settings in your project, not only the code. Base on Prerequisites section as below, it might help you to find out the root cause.
Also, I have list down some QnA that may help you in the last section Questions and Answers. If there is any others questions and issues, feel free to ask me. Or, it would be grateful if you can tell me somethings to improve this article, this is my very first time.
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Java 11
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Homebrew 2.1.16
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Ruby 2.6.5
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Fastlane 2.135.2
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firebase_app_distribution 0.1.4
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Jenkins 2.206
- https://fastlane.tools/
- https://github.com/fastlane/fastlane
- https://www.raywenderlich.com/233168-fastlane-tutorial-getting-started
- https://www.raywenderlich.com/1774995-continuous-integration-with-github-fastlane-jenkins
- https://jenkins.io/doc/
- https://docs.fastlane.tools/best-practices/continuous-integration/jenkins/
- https://medium.com/appcoda-tutorials/continuous-integration-and-continuous-delivery-with-jenkins-and-fastlane-d5979f2f2b3f
CI/CD generally refers to the combined practices of continuous integration and continuous delivery.
Testing is an essential part of development process. Developers merge their changes back to the main branch as often as possible. The developer's changes are validated by creating a build and running some tests(Automation test). This entire process is what we call Continuous Integration (CI).
Continuous delivery(CD) is an extension of continuous integration to make sure that you can release new changes to your customers quickly in a sustainable way. This means, beside of having automated your testing, you also have automated your release process.
fastlane is a tool for iOS and Android developers to automate tedious tasks like generating screenshots, dealing with provisioning profiles, and releasing your application.
The tool fastlane is a collection of Ruby scripts, so you must have the correct version of Ruby installed. Chances are that your OS comes with Ruby 2.0 by default, but you can confirm whether this is the case by opening Terminal and entering:
ruby -vIf it’s not installed, the easiest way to do so is via Homebrew a package manager for macOS.
/usr/bin/ruby -e \
"$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"Then, install Ruby using:
brew update && brew install rubyYou’ll also need Xcode Command Line Tools (CLT). To ensure that they’re installed, enter into Terminal:
xcode-select --installNow you’re ready to install fastlane! Enter the following command to do so:
sudo gem install fastlane -NVNavigate to your iOS app and run
fastlane initfastlane will automatically detect your project, and ask for any missing information.
Notes: If you get a “permission denied” error, prefix this command with
sudo.
After some output, fastlane will ask: "What would you like to use fastlane for?"
You should config fastlane file by ourself. Input 4 and tap Enter.
Back to project folder, you’ll see a few new things:
- Gemfile: which includes the fastlane gem as a project dependency
- Appfile: stores the app identifier, your Apple ID and any other identifying information that fastlane needs to set up your app.
- Fastfile: manages the lanes you’ll create to invoke fastlane actions.
fastlane requires some environment variables set up to run correctly. In particular, having your locale not set to a UTF-8 locale will cause issues with building and uploading your build. In your shell profile add the following lines:
export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8# app_identifier("[[APP_IDENTIFIER]]") # The bundle identifier of your app
# apple_id("[[APPLE_ID]]") # Your Apple email address
# For more information about the Appfile, see:
# https://docs.fastlane.tools/advanced/#appfileRemove the # in the beginning of the line to enable the options
In case your account has multiple teams, add the following lines:
itc_team_id("123456789") # App Store Connect Team ID
team_id("XXXXXXXXXX") # Developer Portal Team IDOpen Fastfile, you will see something like this:
default_platform(:ios)
platform :ios do
desc "Description of what the lane does" # 1
lane :custom_lane do # 2
# add actions here: https://docs.fastlane.tools/actions
end
endHere’s what this code does:
- Provides a description for the lane. A lane is a workflow of sequential tasks.
- Provides the lane name and the actions(tasks) of it.
To get the most up-to-date information from the command line on your current version you can also run:
fastlane actions # list all available fastlane actions
fastlane action [action_name] # more information for a specific actionOr you can refer in available actions
For more action, check out the fastlane plugins page. If you want to create your own action, check out the local actions page.
fastlane takes care of building your app using an action called build_app (alias for build_ios_app, or gym), just add the following to your Fastfile:
build_app(scheme: "FastlanePlayground")Additionally you can specify more options for building your app, for example:
build_app(scheme: "FastlanePlayground",
export_method: "development")For example, you will have below config for build scheme FastlanePlayground and export as ad-hoc method
default_platform(:ios)
platform :ios do
desc "Build scheme FastlanePlayground"
lane :lane_dev do
build_app(scheme: "FastlanePlayground",
export_method: "ad-hoc")
end
endAnd then, in Terminal, run:
fastlane lane_devIf everything works, you should have a FastlanePlayground.ipa file in the current directory. If you see any codesigning error, don't worry, you will go to the next part.
Chances are that something went wrong because of code signing at the previous step. Code Signing Guide will helps you setting up the right code signing approach for your project.
As the link above, i will suggest to use match (alias for sync_code_signing) for codesigning. The concept of match is described in the codesigning guide.
With match you will store your private keys and certificates in a git repo to sync them across machines. This makes it easy to onboard new team-members and set up new Mac machines. This approach is secure and uses technology you already use.
Getting started with match requires you to revoke your existing certificates.
To get started, create a new private Git repo and run:
fastlane match initIt will ask for storage mode. Select git and enter URL of the Git Repo. After all, match will create a file in ./fastlane/Matchfile. Open it by code editor, you you see something like this:
git_url("https://github.com/hdwebsoft-mobile/ios-certificates.git")
storage_mode("git")
type("development") # The default type, can be: appstore, adhoc, enterprise or development
# app_identifier(["tools.fastlane.app", "tools.fastlane.app2"])
# username("[email protected]") # Your Apple Developer Portal usernameRemove # from app_identifier and username and update those values, so match can fetch provisioning and certificates of app
To generate and store new certificates and provisioning profiles run:
fastlane match developmentfastlane match appstorematch will ask for passphrase for Git Repo. After enter passphrase, it will be store in keychain. To avoid this prompt, you can define environment variable in Matchfile by using MATCH_PASSWORD:
ENV["MATCH_PASSWORD"] = "hdwebsoft"In Fastfile, just add this line:
match(type: "development")If success, you will see provisioning file info. You should save this Environment Variable, because it may needed for future use.
After building your app, it's ready to be uploaded to a beta testing service of your choice. The beauty of fastlane is that you can easily switch beta provider, or even upload to multiple at once, without any extra work.
Firebase App Distribution makes distributing your apps to trusted testers painless. By getting your apps onto testers' devices quickly, you can get feedback early and often. To learn more about Firebase App Distribution, go here.
Because Firebase App Distribution is not a part of fastlane, so you need to install it as a Plugins. Run this command:
fastlane add_plugin firebase_app_distributionAll you have to do is putting the config of Firebase Crashlytics project into firebase_app_distribution, after build_app:
lane :lane_dev do
desc "Build scheme FastlanePlayground"
match(type: "development") #1
disable_automatic_code_signing #2
update_project_provisioning(profile:ENV["sigh_co.hdwebsoft.FastlanePlayground_development_profile-path"],
code_signing_identity: "Apple Development: Hai Pham (XXXXXXXXXX)") #3
build_app(scheme: "FastlanePlayground", #4
export_method: "development", #5
export_options:{
compileBitcode: false #6
})
firebase_app_distribution(app: "1:434647080927:ios:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX", #7
release_notes: "Fastlane release 1",
groups: "tester")
upload_symbols_to_crashlytics(gsp_path: "./FastlanePlayground/Config/GoogleService-Info.plist") #8
endHere’s what this code does:
- Fetch provisioning and certificates
- Disable Automatically Code Signing, so you can use provisioning profile
- In case provisioning profile has not been set, build_app can not do its job because of missing provisioning profile. Because match has fetched provisioning already, so you can use that profile and update to project (Section 2.2.4)
- Build scheme FastlanePlayground
- This is method of distribution. Select export method is development
- (Optional) For export_method
development, you should disable Rebuild from bitcode. Because you will deploy to Crashlytics, so if bitcode is enable in Build Settings, Rebuild from bitcode will re-compile and make another build. In that case, old dSYM will not match with new build. In case deploy to AppStore, you can remove this option because it can be downloaded from App Store Connect, after upload the build. For more understanding, you will need to dig deeper about bitcode - Upload build to Firebase Crashlytics
- Upload dsym to Firebase Crashlytics
First, you need to configure your app info in App Store Connect. If everything done, then you can comeback to fastlane.
As the previous section, we can upload app to Firebase Crashlytics. With App Store, it will be the same, almost.
lane :lane_prod do
desc "Build scheme FastlanePlayground"
disable_automatic_code_signing
match(type: "appstore")
update_project_provisioning(profile:ENV["sigh_co.hdwebsoft.FastlanePlayground_appstore_profile-path"],
code_signing_identity: "Apple Distribution: Hai Pham (XXXXXXXXXX)")
build_app(scheme: "FastlanePlayground",
export_method: "app-store",
include_bitcode: true)
upload_to_app_store
endThe above code might look similar already. There is only 1 new action, it is upload_to_app_store, also known as deliver.
deliver is part of fastlane: The easiest way to automate beta deployments and releases for your iOS and Android apps.
To start, run this command:
fastlane deliver initIt will create all the necessary files for you, using the existing app metadata from App Store Connect. Check out your local ./fastlane/metadata and ./fastlane/screenshots folders, deliver allows for metadata to be set through .txt files in the metadata folder.
You can edit app metadata by update those file and run below command to upload the app metadata from your local machine.
fastlane deliverTo upload an ipa file and submit your app for review manually:
fastlane deliver --ipa "App.ipa" --submit_for_reviewIf you use fastlane you don't have to manually specify the path to your ipa, just add an action into build lane in your fastfile as below:
upload_to_app_storedeliverYou can deliver your app to App Store now, as the configuration in the beginning of this section. deliver is a verify powerful tool. It also provide many of parameters, so you can config your own automatic process.
Jenkin require Java version 8-11. If device has multiple Java version, you can set the version of current terminal window with this command in MacOS.
# List Java versions installed
/usr/libexec/java_home -V
# Java 11
export JAVA_HOME=$(/usr/libexec/java_home -v 11)
# Java 1.8
export JAVA_HOME=$(/usr/libexec/java_home -v 1.8)
# Java 1.7
export JAVA_HOME=$(/usr/libexec/java_home -v 1.7)
# Java 1.6
export JAVA_HOME=$(/usr/libexec/java_home -v 1.6)If machine does not has required java version, check Java installation in here
Then, the recommended way to install Jenkins is through homebrew:
brew update && brew install jenkinsFrom now on start Jenkins by running:
jenkinsWhen the installer finishes, it should open localhost:8080 in your browser — it wants a password:
Follow the instruction and open the log file initialAdminPassword. Copy the password and paste it into the Administrator password field. Click Continue to load the Customize Jenkins page:
Select Install suggested plugins, this takes several minutes.
Now create your admin account — entering admin for both Username and Password. Fill remain others areas and Continue
You’ll see a welcome page, prompting you to New Item in the side menu:
On the next page, fill item name and select Freestyle project:
Tap OK and Configuration screen will appear. In General tab, check into GitHub project and fill Project url
Next, scroll down or click across to Source Code Management: Select Git and fill your Repository URL again. To config Credentials, tap into Add
Scroll down past Build Triggers — you’ll come back to this tab later.
The next section is Build Environment: Sometimes a build keeps going, even after the console log says it’s finished, so check Abort the build if it’s stuck and select No Activity as the Time-out strategy. If you like to know when things happened, also check Add timestamps to the Console Output.
Color ANSI Console Output is an option of AnsiColor plugin, which make Console output easier for reading.
Finally, the Build section is where it all happens! In the Add build step menu, select Execute shell:
Because you have configured fastlane, so you will know which command line that using for start building your app
Click the Save button to return to the project page, then select Build Now from the side menu:
Something starts happening in the Build History section — your first build appears! Hover your cursor over #1 to make the menu button appear, then select Console Output from the menu:
Jenkins pulled your project, built it and ran the test. But you had to tell it to Build Now — that’s not very automated
You need to create a GitHub webhook to notify your Jenkins server whenever you push a new commit. A webhook is a GitHub mechanism for POSTing a notification to the webhook’s URL whenever certain events happen in your GitHub repository — for example, whenever you push a commit.
First, set up your Jenkins project to expect notifications from GitHub. Select Configure in menu side:
Select the Build Triggers tab and check GitHub hook trigger for GITScm polling:
Scroll to the bottom and press Save.
Now go to your GitHub page to set up the webhook.
To add a webhook for your Jenkins server, go to your project repository page and click Settings. Select Webhooks from the side menu, then click Add webhook:
The first thing you need is the Payload URL — the URL of your Jenkins server. But, unless you set up your Jenkins with a proper external, GitHub needs a real URL to send notifications to — what to do?
ngrok to the rescue! It’s a free app that uses a secure tunnel to expose localhost to the internet. GitHub’s webhooks tutorial uses it, so it must be OK. Go ahead and download ngrok for Mac OS X:
In Terminal, cd to where ngrok is, then run this command:
./ngrok http 8080Your output will look similar to this:
ngrok by @inconshreveable (Ctrl+C to quit)
Session Status online
Session Expires 7 hours, 59 minutes
Version 2.2.8
Region United States (us)
Web Interface http://127.0.0.1:4040
Forwarding http://6796b2b9.ngrok.io -> localhost:8080
Forwarding https://6796b2b9.ngrok.io -> localhost:8080
Connections ttl opn rt1 rt5 p50 p90
0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Copy your Forwarding URL — mine is http://6796b2b9.ngrok.io, for the next almost-8 hours.
Back on your GitHub Add webhook page, paste this URL in the Payload URL field, and add /github-webhook/ to the end of the URL. This is the endpoint on your Jenkins server that responds to pushes from GitHub:
Click Add Webhook. GitHub sends a test POST request to the URL.
Commit and push to GitHub, then check your Jenkins page — Side menu now has an item for GitHub Hook Log!
Select GitHub Hook Log: An event from your ngrok URL caused Jenkins to poll your GitHub repository for changes, which it found:
Now, in Build History, Jenkins has triggered build job #2.
Question 1: What is export_method action in fastlane?
Answer: export_method is method of distribution. You can see it in Xcode when tap Distribute App archives build
Question 2: Why dSYM file does not work when bitcode is enable and caused __hidden#1234 in crashlytics?
Answer: When you archive an application with bitcode enabled, the compiler produces binaries containing bitcode(A) rather than machine code. Once the binary has been uploaded to the App Store, the bitcode is compiled down to machine code(B). So the dSYM(s) in machine is related to (A), not (B), and has been obfuscated.
The mappings to de-obfuscate them also reside in the xcarchive folder in a folder names "BCSymbolMaps".
To de-obfuscate such a dSYM one would use the following command:
dsymutil --symbol-map <bcSymbol-file> <obfuscated-dsym-file>Question 3: Why should we need to disable enable_bitcode option when export_method is development?
Answer: When perform action build_app, you can see in conlose log that dSYM(s) has been de-obfuscated. But, please look closer! Only some of them has been de-obfuscated, some others is not. Some de-obfuscate command has the wrong name of BCSymbol files. So it is not unobfuscating as below.
Question 4: Why dSym(s) has been mapped with BCSymbolMaps (Console log in Terminal), but we still need to disable bitcode (compileBitcode: false)? Mapping has been failed because the name not match
Answer: Same answer with Question 3
Quesiton 5: Is there any others way to upload valid dSYM(s)?
Answer: Yes, you can tell Xcode to upload dSYM(s) automatically by add build script into build phase.
Question 6: What should i do when provisioning/certificate in git storage has been revoked?
Answer: Because fastlane will use provisioning/certificate in git storage if exists, so it will not generate the new one. The easiest way is remove all invalid provisioning/certificate in git storage.
Note: You should NOT use their nuke: fastlane match nuke development. This command will delete all. You cannot choose a particular cert or application identifier to kill. Like a nuclear bomb, it is pretty destructive.
Question 7: Why I can not install fastlane plugin?
Answer: In setup step, you may receive an error that plugin version is undefined. Updating ruby version may fix that issue.
Question 8: How should i do when there are too many projects from different customer in 1 CI/CD machine?
Answer: In CI/CD machine, you should only use 1 github/firebase account for all project. Just setting the right permission for that account and access into all that projects. If you still want to use multiple accounts, you will need to generate different private key, config github host, etc...
Question 9: I have configed webhooks in github, but Jenkins still not trigger a new build when receive push action?
Answer: You should check the repository URL in Source Code Management section. Jenkins will not trigger action when it is not match
Question 10: Do we have to use ngrok for communication between Github and Jenkins?
Answer: No, it is not neccessary. ngrok is a tool that using for making a connection between Github and Jenkins. So, if you have your own static IP, you dont need to use ngrok.