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Joss #81

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name: joss
on:
push:
branches:
- joss
pull_request:
branches:
- joss

jobs:
paper:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
name: Paper Draft
steps:
- name: Checkout
uses: actions/checkout@v2
- name: Build draft PDF
uses: openjournals/openjournals-draft-action@master
with:
journal: joss
# This should be the path to the paper within your repo.
paper-path: joss_paper/paper.md
- name: Upload
uses: actions/upload-artifact@v1
with:
name: paper
# This is the output path where Pandoc will write the compiled
# PDF. Note, this should be the same directory as the input
# paper.md
path: joss_paper/paper.pdf
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---
title: 'Plenoptic.py: Synthesizing model-optimized visual stimuli'
tags:
- Python
- PyTorch
- neural networks
- computational neuroscience
- image synthesis
authors:
- name: Kathryn Bonnen
equal-contrib: true
orcid: 0000-0002-9210-8275
affiliation: 1
- name: William F. Broderick
equal-contrib: true
orcid: 0000-0002-8999-9003
affiliation: 2
- name: Lyndon R. Duong
equal-contrib: true
orcid: 0000-0003-0575-1033
affiliation: 2
- name: Pierre-Etienne Fiquet
equal-contrib: true
orcid: 0000-0002-8301-2220
affiliation: 2
- name: Nikhil Parthasarathy
equal-contrib: true
orcid: 0000-0003-2572-6492
affiliation: 2
- name: Thomas E. Yerxa
equal-contrib: true
orcid: 0000-0003-2687-0816
affiliation: 2
- name: Xinyuan Zhao
equal-contrib: true
affiliation: 2
- name: Eero P. Simoncelli
orcid: 000-0002-1206-527X
affiliation: "2, 3"
affiliations:
- name: School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
index: 1
- name: Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
index: 2
- name: Center for Computational Neuroscience, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA
index: 3
date: January 2023
bibliography: references.bib
---

# Summary

In sensory perception and neuroscience, new computational models are most often tested and compared in terms of their ability to fit existing data sets.
However, experimental data are inherently limited in size, quality, and type, and complex models often saturate their explainable variance.
Moreover, it is often difficult to use models to guide the development of future experiments.
Here, building on ideas for optimal experimental stimulus selection (e.g., QUEST, Watson and Pelli, 1983), we present "Plenoptic", a python software library for generating visual stimuli optimized for testing or comparing models.
Plenoptic provides a unified framework containing four previously-published synthesis methods -- model metamers (Freeman and Simoncelli, 2011), Maximum Differentiation (MAD) competition (Wang and Simoncelli, 2008), eigen-distortions (Berardino et al. 2017), and representational geodesics (Hénaff and Simoncelli, 2015) -- each of which offers visualization of model representations, and generation of images that can be used to experimentally test alignment with the human visual system.
Plenoptic leverages modern machine-learning methods to enable application of these synthesis methods to any computational model that satisfies a small set of common requirements.
The most important of these is that the model must be image-computable, implemented in PyTorch (Paszke et al. 2019), and end-to-end differentiable.
The package includes examples of several low- and mid-level visual models, as well as a set of perceptual quality metrics.
Plenoptic is open source, tested, documented, and extensible, allowing the broader research community to contribute new examples and methods.
In summary, Plenoptic leverages machine learning tools to tighten the scientific hypothesis-testing loop, facilitating investigation of human visual representations.

# Statement of need

# Acknowledgements

EPS and KB were funded by Simons Institute.

For a quick reference, the following citation commands can be used:

- `@author:2001` -> "Author et al. (2001)"
- `[@author:2001]` -> "(Author et al., 2001)"
- `[@author1:2001; @author2:2001]` -> "(Author1 et al., 2001; Author2 et al., 2002)"

# References

@berardino_eigen-distortions_2017
@henaff_geodesics_2015
@simoncelli_steerable_1995
@freeman_metamers_2011
@wang_maximum_2008
@paszke_pytorch_2019
@portilla_parametric_2000
77 changes: 77 additions & 0 deletions joss_paper/references.bib
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@inproceedings{simoncelli_steerable_1995,
author = {{Simoncelli}, Eero P. and {Freeman}, William T.},
title = {The steerable pyramid: a flexible architecture for multi-scale derivative computation},
volume = {3},
isbn = {0-7803-3122-2},
doi = {10.1109/ICIP.1995.537667},
booktitle = {Proceedings., International Conference on Image Processing},
publisher = {IEEE Comput. Soc. Press},
year = {1995},
pages = {444--447},
}

@article{henaff_geodesics_2016,
author = {{H{\'e}naff}, Olivier J. and {Simoncelli}, Eero P.},
title = "{Geodesics of learned representations}",
journal = {International Conference on Learning Representations},
year = 2016,
eid = {arXiv:1511.06394},
}

@article{berardino_eigen-distortions_2017,
title = {Eigen-Distortions of Hierarchical Representations},
journal = {Adv. Neural Information Processing Systems},
author = {Berardino, Alexander and Ballé, Johannes and Laparra, Valero and Simoncelli, Eero P.},
month = dec,
year = {2017},
pages = {3530-3539},
keywords = {Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
}

@article{freeman_metamers_2011,
author = {{Freeman}, Jeremy and {Simoncelli}, Eero P.},
title = {Metamers of the ventral stream},
volume = {14},
issn = {1097-6256, 1546-1726},
doi = {10.1038/nn.2889},
language = {en},
number = {9},
urldate = {2019-09-25},
journal = {Nature Neuroscience},
month = sep,
year = {2011},
pages = {1195--1201},
}

@article{paszke_pytorch_2019,
author = {{Paszke}, Adam and {Gross}, Sam and {Massa}, Francisco and {Lerer}, Adam and {Bradbury}, James and {Chanan}, Gregory and {Killeen}, Trevor and {Lin}, Zeming and {Gimelshein}, Natalia}
title = {PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Library},
language = {en},
year = {2019},
pages = {12},
}

@article{wang_maximum_2008,
author = {{Wang}, Zhou and {Simoncelli}, Eero P.},
title = {Maximum differentiation (MAD) competition: A methodology for comparing computational models of perceptual quantities},
volume = {8},
issn = {1534-7362},
shorttitle = {Maximum differentiation (MAD) competition},
doi = {10.1167/8.12.8},
language = {en},
number = {12},
journal = {Journal of Vision},
month = sep,
year = {2008},
pages = {1-13},
}

@article{portilla_parametric_2000,
author = {{Portilla}, Javier and {Simoncelli}, Eero P.},
title = {A Parametric Texture Model Based on Joint Statistics of Complex Wavelet Coefficients},
language = {en},
journal = {International Journal of Computer Vision},
year = {2000},
pages = {49-71},
}