Add LAPACK overloads for all variants of pt.linalg.solve

[jessegrabowski]

Description

Goal of this PR is to give numba mode full coverage of scipy.linalg.solve options. We currently only support assume_a = "gen". If users select a different solver, they get incorrect results (see #422 ). This PR should fix that bug, plus add:

• support for overwrite_a in numba mode
• support for overwrite_b in numba mode
• support for transposed argument (all modes)
• lu_factor and lu_solve Ops (all modes)
• support for assume_a = "sym" and assume_a = "pos" in numba mode
• support for cho_solve in numba mode

We get the lu_factor and lu_solve Ops kind of "for free" because I'm adding overloads for dgetrs and dgetrf. We just have to write the Ops and do the JAX dispatch. JVP for lu_factor is here. Help wanted. I might decide that these Ops are out of scope for this PR and open another one.

Related Issue

• Closes BUG: pt.linalg.solve returns incorrect results when mode = "NUMBA" #422

Checklist

• Checked that the pre-commit linting/style checks pass
• Included tests that prove the fix is effective or that the new feature works
• Added necessary documentation (docstrings and/or example notebooks)
• If you are a pro: each commit corresponds to a relevant logical change

Type of change

• New feature / enhancement
• Bug fix
• Documentation
• Maintenance
• Other (please specify):

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📚 Documentation preview 📚: https://pytensor--1146.org.readthedocs.build/en/1146/

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 52.49042% with 248 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 81.87%. Comparing base (4e85676) to head (fe97e5d).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
pytensor/link/numba/dispatch/slinalg.py	42.62%	205 Missing and 5 partials ⚠️
pytensor/link/numba/dispatch/_LAPACK.py	75.32%	32 Missing and 6 partials ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #1146      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   82.14%   81.87%   -0.28%     
==========================================
  Files         186      187       +1     
  Lines       48210    48617     +407     
  Branches     8678     8705      +27     
==========================================
+ Hits        39603    39804     +201     
- Misses       6440     6640     +200     
- Partials     2167     2173       +6     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
pytensor/link/numba/dispatch/basic.py	80.37% <ø> (-1.86%)	⬇️
pytensor/tensor/slinalg.py	93.49% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
pytensor/link/numba/dispatch/_LAPACK.py	75.32% <75.32%> (ø)
pytensor/link/numba/dispatch/slinalg.py	44.42% <42.62%> (-8.38%)	⬇️