Resolve TypeVar upper bounds in functools.partial #13048

Job	Run time
Test mypyc suite with 32-bit Python	6m 50s
Test suite with Python nightly	13m 45s
Test suite with py38-ubuntu, mypyc-compiled	17m 23s
Test suite with py38-windows-64	19m 42s
Test suite with py39-ubuntu	16m 27s
Test suite with py310-ubuntu	15m 28s
Test suite with py311-ubuntu, mypyc-compiled	15m 17s
Test suite with py312-ubuntu, mypyc-compiled	17m 34s
mypyc runtime tests with py39-macos	5m 24s
mypyc runtime tests with py38-debug-build-ubuntu	5m 9s
Type check our own code (py38-ubuntu)	1m 43s
Type check our own code (py38-windows-64)	2m 31s
Formatting and code style with Black + ruff	40s
	2h 17m 53s

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