Use newer Python in docs build (#17747) #13138

Job	Run time
Test mypyc suite with 32-bit Python	6m 49s
Test suite with py38-ubuntu, mypyc-compiled	17m 22s
Test suite with Python nightly	14m 4s
Test suite with py38-windows-64	20m 7s
Test suite with py39-ubuntu	19m 37s
Test suite with py310-ubuntu	15m 21s
Test suite with py311-ubuntu, mypyc-compiled	15m 54s
Test suite with py312-ubuntu, mypyc-compiled	16m 58s
mypyc runtime tests with py39-macos	5m 30s
mypyc runtime tests with py38-debug-build-ubuntu	4m 19s
Type check our own code (py38-ubuntu)	1m 47s
Type check our own code (py38-windows-64)	2m 13s
Formatting and code style with Black + ruff	34s
	2h 20m 35s

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