Add special handling for typing.get_args #13186

Job	Run time
Test suite with Python nightly	14m 13s
Test mypyc suite with 32-bit Python	6m 53s
Test suite with py38-ubuntu, mypyc-compiled	1m 29s
Test suite with py38-windows-64	20m 51s
Test suite with py39-ubuntu	19m 51s
Test suite with py310-ubuntu	15m 55s
Test suite with py311-ubuntu, mypyc-compiled	1m 7s
Test suite with py312-ubuntu, mypyc-compiled	1m 7s
mypyc runtime tests with py39-macos	6m 0s
mypyc runtime tests with py38-debug-build-ubuntu	4m 25s
Type check our own code (py38-ubuntu)	1m 56s
Type check our own code (py38-windows-64)	2m 17s
Formatting and code style with Black + ruff	37s
	1h 36m 41s

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