Add special handling for typing.get_args #13188

Job	Run time
Test suite with Python nightly	14m 24s
Test mypyc suite with 32-bit Python	7m 42s
Test suite with py38-ubuntu, mypyc-compiled	18m 24s
Test suite with py38-windows-64	20m 41s
Test suite with py39-ubuntu	17m 54s
Test suite with py310-ubuntu	15m 56s
Test suite with py311-ubuntu, mypyc-compiled	15m 53s
Test suite with py312-ubuntu, mypyc-compiled	18m 23s
mypyc runtime tests with py39-macos	6m 55s
mypyc runtime tests with py38-debug-build-ubuntu	4m 28s
Type check our own code (py38-ubuntu)	2m 2s
Type check our own code (py38-windows-64)	2m 26s
Formatting and code style with Black + ruff	37s
	2h 25m 45s

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